Serotonin syndrome: a concise review of a toxic state.

The serotonin syndrome is a toxic state caused by increased intrasynaptic serotonin and characterized by a triad of altered mental status, autonomic instability and neuromuscular abnormalities. It can result from exposure to a single serotonergic agent but is more likely to be due to polypharmacy, often with drugs from multiple classes. It develops over a short period of time and resolves just as quickly once identified and treated. Diagnostic criteria have been developed to assist in clinical practice. Treatment is largely supportive and prognosis is generally very favorable. Pharmacologic vigilance and prevention are key.