Prefabricated CAD-CAM scaffolds for management of oro-antral communication: A case report and histological analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Oro-control communication is one of the complications associated with dental extraction and oral surgeries. This case report presents a minimally invasive surgical approach for bone regeneration at the site of oro-antral communication utilizing a prefabricated computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) allogenic bone block. METHODS: A 20-year-old healthy female, nonsmoker, with a badly destructed upper right first molar was referred for dental implant placement after extraction. Cone beam computerized tomography images revealed the presence of a large bone defect associated with oro-antral communication with the maxillary sinus and insufficient bone for dental implant placement. A prefabricated CAD-CAM allogenic bone scaffold was fabricated. After surgical exposure, the scaffold was secured in place and covered with a non-resorbable membrane. A dental implant was placed after 5 months, and a trephining biopsy was processed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: Closure of the oro-antral communication was clinically observed. The average width of the alveolar bone was 12 mm, and the average height was 11 mm. Histological analysis at 5-month intervals showed thin newly formed bone trabeculae encircling remnants of graft material surrounded by osteoid tissue. The newly formed bone percentages were 32 ± 18% and 28 ± 17% volume remained after the biodegradation of the scaffold. Specific immune-histochemical staining by anti-vascular epithelial growth factor expression index value was 32.06%. CONCLUSIONS: A prefabricated CAD-CAM scaffold was successfully used to seal a large oro-antral communication and regenerate sufficient bone to place a dental implant.

Modified acid polysaccharide derived from Salvia przewalskii with excellent wound healing and enhanced bioactivity.

Acid polysaccharide was extracted from Salvia przewalskii root powders (PSP), purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose column (DEAE-52) and molecular sieve (PSP2). PSPm1 was obtained by modifying PSP2 with nitrite and phosphoric acid. The chemical structure of PSP2 and PSPm1 exhibited notable distinctions, primarily due to the absence of arabinose and promotion of glucuronic acid (GlcA). The structure of PSPm1 was deduced through the utilization of 1H, 13C, and 2-D NMR. The main chain was linked by α-D-Galp(1 â†’ 3)-α-Glcp-(1 â†’ fragments and →6)-ß-D-Galp fragments, with the presence of →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1 â†’ 6)-ß-D-Galp-(1 â†’ ï¼Œ â†’ 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1 â†’ 2,4)-α-D-Rhap-(1 â†’ fragments and →6)-α-Glcp-(1 â†’ 2,4)-ß-D-Manp-(1 â†’ fragments. PSPm1 exhibited different immunoregulatory bioactivity in vitro, including haemostatic effects indicated by activated clotting time of 55.5 % reduction by the activated clotting time (ACT) test and wound healing function in vivo. PSPm1 also displayed better anti-tumor biological effects than unmodified. The structure-activity dissimilarity between PSP2 and PSPm1 primarily stems from variations in molecular weight (Mw), monosaccharide composition, and branching patterns. The modification of polysaccharides from the extract residues of Chinese medicinal materials may be a new form of drug supplements.

C3-Spirooxindoles: Divergent chemical synthesis and bioactivities (2018-2023).

This scientific review documents the recent progress of C3-spirooxindoles chemistry (synthesis and reaction mechanism) and their bioactivities, focusing on the promising results as well as highlighting the biological mechanism via the reported molecular docking findings of the most bioactive derivatives. C3-Spirooxindoles are attractive bioactive agents and have been found in a variety of natural compounds, including alkaloids. They are widely investigated in the field of medicinal chemistry and play a key role in medication development, such as antivirals, anticancer agents, antimicrobials, etc. Regarding organic synthesis, several traditional and advanced strategies have been reported, particularly those that started with isatin derivatives.

Oil tea shell synthesized biochar adsorptive utilization for the nitrate removal from aqueous media.

Various reported methods are devoted to nitrate removal from water over the years. However, recently researchers are focusing on developing the materials that offer bio-based, non-toxic, inexpensive and yet an efficient solution for water treatment. In this study, removal of nitrates from water was carried out using oil tea shells (OTS) as a biosorbent. OTS powder was impregnated with ZnCl2 and biochar was prepared which was further treated with Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant. Both the Langmuir and the Freundlich models were satisfied by the nitrate adsorption of OTS biochar. The adsorption capacity was measured at 15.6 mg/g when the circumstances were at their best. The pseudo-second-order model provided an accurate description of the kinetic data that were collected from batch trials. The adsorption yield goes up when by usage of more adsorbent, but it goes down when adsorption start with a higher concentration of nitrate. The strong basis of analytical equipments were used to characterize the OTS biosorbent. According to the findings of the research, surface-modified OTS biochar is an effective material for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions. This means that it has the potential to be utilized in water treatment as an adsorbent that is both inexpensive and kind to the natural environment. Removal of heavy metals and other organic pollutants, both from groundwater and wastewater using OTS biochar seems like a promising and interesting area of study.