Electronmicroscopic diagnosis of human papilloma virus in verruca plantaris.

The purpose of this study was to identify the human papilloma virus in verruca plantaris by transmission electron microscopy and study the cellular effect of human papilloma virus at both the transmission electron microscopy and light histochemistry level. The authors discuss the cellular pathology in relation to early studies and keratin disorders. Features identified by transmission electron microscopy are consistent with characteristics of human papilloma virus-1.

Defining global medical education needs.

The graduates of medical education institutions should be, both in their numbers and in their acquired skills, appropriate to improving the health of the particular society they are intended to serve. Medical education should be tailored to deal with the diseases the physician is most apt to see--or at least apt to see in an academic medical center. Such logic does not prevail, however, in terms of either the numbers of physicians trained or the content of the medical curriculum. The Western model of a medical school curriculum has been adopted--but little adapted--for use by much of the Third World. Relevant subjects such as epidemiology, social sciences, and management are often either ineptly taught or omitted. A shift in attention from patient to community is recommended, accompanied by deliberate programs of education and health care to measure and improve the health of the community. Significant improvements in health in much of the world can be made only through community-based programs such as improved nutrition, education, sanitation, prevention of infectious diseases, and family planning. Two types of U.S. participation in international medical education are recommended: (1) specialty training of physicians from countries whose access to instrumentation and medical care support structures are similar to those in the United States, and (2) strengthening of institutions in developing countries in the areas of education, research, and practice appropriate to the particular needs of each of these countries.

Selective primary health care. XXV. Management priorities.

PIP: Provision of the greatest health benefits for the greatest number in developing countries requires setting priorities which will differ in each country according to its existing infrastructure. All programs are based on the foundation of immunization, control of diarrheal diseases, family planning and primary health centers. One of the major barriers to introduction of equitable health care in inadequate management, particularly at the provincial and local levels. In many countries solutions have been introduced with incomplete data, problem definition and monitoring. Typically health delivery systems of industrialized countries have been duplicated, emphasizing tertiary care facilities and curative treatment. The smallpox eradication campaign demonstrated the importance of surveillance, evaluation, management and the power of management. Major considerations in selection of priority programs are the major disease problems in terms of morbidity, mortality and cost, the existing health system, and skills needed. Successful programs have been remarkable for high literacy, particularly female literacy, and social organization acting beyond the individual. Development of an immunization infrastructure is one of the most important primary health care priorities, and forms the basis of the skills needed to supply other types of primary care. Besides traditional health problems, developing countries will need to deal with emerging issues brought on by smoking, alcohol, vehicle crashes and industrial exposure as they make the transition to development.^ieng

Synthesis of ent-17-(prop-1-ynyl-17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-phenyl)-4,9-estradien-3-one, the antipode of RU-38 486.

The title compound was synthesized and tested for its biological activities. It showed neither antiprogesterone nor antiglucocorticoid properties.