The new preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine 0.6% preserves the ocular surface epithelial integrity in a comparative in vitro study.

Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is the most common form of allergic eye disease and an increasingly prevalent condition. Topical eye drop treatments are the usual approach for managing AC, although their impact on the ocular surface is not frequently investigated. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative physicochemical characterization, and in vitro biological evaluations in primary conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells of the new multidose preservative-free bilastine 0.6% and main commercially available eye drops. MTT assay was used to measure cell viability; oxidative stress was analyzed with a ROS-sensitive probe; and apoptosis was evaluated monitoring caspase 3/7 activation. Differences in pH value, osmolarity, viscosity and phosphate levels were identified. Among all formulations, bilastine exhibited pH, osmolarity and viscosity values closer to tear film (7.4, 300 mOsm/l and ~ 1.5-10 mPa·s, respectively), and was the only phosphates-free solution. Single-dose ketotifen did not induce ROS production, and single-dose azelastine and bilastine only induced a mild increase. Bilastine and single-dose ketotifen and azelastine showed high survival rates attributable to the absence of preservative in its formulation, not inducing caspase-3/7-mediated apoptosis after 24 h. Our findings support the use of the new bilastine 0.6% for treating patients with AC to preserve and maintain the integrity of the ocular surface.

Consideraciones didácticas acerca de la modalidad no presencial en las universidades / Didactic Considerations about the Non-Face-to-Face Modality in Universities

Introducción: La modalidad no presencial del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se incrementó como respuesta a las condiciones creadas por la COVID-19, sin la necesaria preparación y experiencia de los docentes para implementarla. Objetivo: Proponer algunas consideraciones didácticas que tributan al adecuado manejo del docente de los componentes del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la implementación de la modalidad no presencial. Posicionamiento de los autores: La exitosa implementación de cualquier variante de modalidad no presencial dependerá de la preparación del docente, particularmente en Didáctica, al asumir las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones como medios de enseñanza en la misión de hacer que sus estudiantes aprendan. Conclusiones: La no presencialidad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se considera una alternativa viable en circunstancias de pandemia u otras equivalentes, y debe ser una modalidad complementaria en la etapa posCOVID-19. Así que los profesores tendrán que replantear el proceso en todos sus componentes, en un contexto digital que ya no tiene vuelta atrás(AU)

Introduction: Within the teaching-learning process, the non-face-to-face modality was increased as a response to the conditions created by COVID-19, but without the necessary preparation and experience for professors to implement it. Objective: To propose some didactic considerations that contribute to the professor's adequate management of the components of the teaching-learning process in the implementation of the non-face-to-face modality. Authors' position: The successful implementation of any variant of the non-face-to-face modality will depend on the professor's preparation, particularly in didactics, when assuming information and communication technologies as teaching means in the mission of making their students learn. Conclusions: Within the teaching-learning process, the non-face-to-face condition is considered a viable alternative in pandemic, or other equivalent, circumstances; it should be a complementary modality in the post-COVID-19 stage. Thus, professors will have to rethink the process focusing on all its components, within a digital context that has no turning back(AU)

Cytomegaloviral colitis in primary CMV viraemia in a young immunocompetent adult.

A man in his 20s presented with a 2-week history of fever, fatigue and diarrhoea. On arrival to the emergency department, he had clinical findings of sepsis. The care team initially suspected sepsis secondary to bacterial colitis and administered antibiotics. Further workup including a stool PCR assay for gastrointestinal pathogens failed to establish a diagnosis, and he had no evidence of immune compromise. Colonoscopy revealed mucosal ulceration presumed to be ulcerative colitis. Histopathology obtained after discharge revealed severe colitis with cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusions. Serological studies indicated a primary CMV infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a primary CMV infection presenting as severe colitis and systemic disease in a young immunocompetent patient without underlying disease.

Usefulness of implementing the OHIP-14 questionnaire to assess the impact of xerostomia and hyposalivation on quality of life in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to analyze if the results of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire (OHIP-14) in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are correlated with salivary flow and level of xerostomia. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 61 patients (60 women, one man, mean age 57.64 [13.52]) diagnosed of pSS according to the American-European Criteria (2002). After recording demographic, medical and dental data (decayed-missing-filled teeth index [DMFT]), unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) salivary flows were collected. Subsequently, UWS flow was categorized into two groups (<0.1 ml/min and ≥0.1 ml/min) and SWS into three groups (<0.1 ml/min, 0.1-0.7 ml/min and >0.7 ml/min). Patients also filled out a visual analog scale (VAS) for xerostomia and OHIP-14 for self-reported quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Data showed positive and significant correlation between OHIP-14 and xerostomia, based on VAS results (r = 0.52; p = 0.001). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between UWS and OHIP-14 scores (r = -0.34; p = 0.006) and VAS for xerostomia (r = -0.22; p = 0.09). No significant correlation was found between SWS and OHIP-14 or VAS neither between DMFT and OHIP-14. When assessing the level of QoL by the UWS and SWS flow categories a significant association was found for UWS (p = 0.001) but not for SWS (p = 0.11). The OHIP-14 values were higher in the groups with lower salivary flow. The multiple linear regression to predict OHIP-14 only selected VAS for xerostomia as a statistically significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Increased level of xerostomia and reduced UWS flow decrease oral health-related QoL in patients with pSS.

CDK5RAP3, a New BRCA2 Partner That Regulates DNA Repair, Is Associated with Breast Cancer Survival.

BRCA2 is essential for homologous recombination DNA repair. BRCA2 mutations lead to genome instability and increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Similarly, mutations in BRCA2-interacting proteins are also known to modulate sensitivity to DNA damage agents and are established cancer risk factors. Here we identify the tumor suppressor CDK5RAP3 as a novel BRCA2 helical domain-interacting protein. CDK5RAP3 depletion induced DNA damage resistance, homologous recombination and single-strand annealing upregulation, and reduced spontaneous and DNA damage-induced genomic instability, suggesting that CDK5RAP3 negatively regulates double-strand break repair in the S-phase. Consistent with this cellular phenotype, analysis of transcriptomic data revealed an association between low CDK5RAP3 tumor expression and poor survival of breast cancer patients. Finally, we identified common genetic variations in the CDK5RAP3 locus as potentially associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Our results uncover CDK5RAP3 as a critical player in DNA repair and breast cancer outcomes.

Salivary LDH in oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are increased in patients with oral cancer (OC) or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) when compared to a healthy control group (CG). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of specialized databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and OpenGrey), including observational analytical studies evaluating the salivary LDH levels (in UI/L or µ/L) in OC or OPMD patients and compared them with a CG. RESULTS: Thirteen case-control studies were included. A total of 755 patients were evaluated, including 303 OC cases, 149 OPMD cases, and 303 controls. The meta-analysis showed that LDH levels were higher within the OC group than the CG (SMD 9.49; 95% CI 6.97-12; p = .00001). Patients with oral leucoplakia (SMD 11.67; 95% CI 1.01-22.33; p = .03) and oral submucous fibrosis (SMD 25.83; 95% CI -1.74-53.40; p = .07) also presented higher levels than the CG. In addition, OC patients had higher salivary LDH levels than oral leucoplakia patients (SMD 5.62; 95% CI 2.14-9.11; p = .002). Heterogeneity was high across all the evaluated studies. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of salivary LDH may be a useful method for screening and tracking OC and OPMD, but new protocolized studies are required to establish precise cutoff values.

La superación profesional en didáctica para docentes de Estomatología / Didactics training for Odontology professors

Introducción: En la educación médica superior cubana la superación profesional es la vía para el perfeccionamiento de la preparación didáctica del claustro y un programa, que parte de las necesidades determinadas, se considera un resultado científico pertinente. Objetivo: Proponer un programa de superación en didáctica elaborado para los docentes de la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación de desarrollo para contribuir a la superación profesional en didáctica en los docentes de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Se utilizó una metodología que asume como método general el dialéctico-materialista, que en la especificidad de la etapa investigativa que se reporta es predominantemente cualitativa y empleó los métodos histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico-estructural y análisis documental. Resultados: Se presentaron las ideas fundamentales del programa, los cuales se adecuaron a las necesidades de superación profesional pedagógica en el contexto investigado. Se establecieron las exigencias y el manejo de las diversas formas organizativas que se combinan dentro de las acciones del programa. Conclusiones: La propuesta de un programa de superación profesional en didáctica para los docentes de Estomatología incluye diversidad de formas organizativas, responde a necesidades locales y está contextualizado a las particularidades del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la estomatología en Cuba(AU)

Introduction : in Cuban higher medical education, professional improvement is the way to perfect the teaching preparation of the faculty and a program that, based on the determined needs, is considered a pertinent scientific result. Objective : to propose the main ideas about a program of improvement in didactics prepared for the odontology teachers. Methods : a development investigation was carried out at Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara´s Medical Sciences University. Some methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive systemic-structural and documentary analysis. Results : The program was adapted to the needs of professional pedagogical improvement in the investigated context. A synthesis of each aspects presented: introduction, general objective, foundation, structural components and evaluation. The structural components in each one of the areas are described in more details. It is pointed out on the novelty: the establishment of demands and the management of the various organizational forms that are combined within their actions. Conclusions : a professional improvement program is proposed for the preparation in teaching of dentistry teachers, which differs in its conception from what had traditionally been offered to them. It includes a diversity of complementary organizational forms, responds to local needs for pedagogical improvement and is contextualized to the particularities of the dentistry teaching-learning process in Cuba, among other attributes(AU)

Implementación de un programa de superación profesional sobre Didáctica en docentes noveles de Estomatología / Implementation of a program of professional improvement in Didactics in new Dentistry teachers

RESUMEN Fundamento: en la educación médica superior cubana, la superación profesional constituye una vía importante para lograr el perfeccionamiento y/o completamiento de la preparación en Didáctica del claustro de profesores. Objetivo: socializar los resultados obtenidos en la implementación del programa de superación en Didáctica. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara durante los años 2016 a 2019. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; empíricos: prueba pedagógica, triangulación y prexperimento pedagógico; y estadísticos y/o de procesamiento matemático: cálculo de frecuencias y prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: la evaluación de la variable dependiente por niveles en el prexperimento pedagógico mostró que la totalidad de los docentes transitó de nivel en ambas dimensiones. La prueba estadística seleccionada permitió comparar los valores de frecuencias y como p = 0,000 < 0,05 se puede afirmar con un alto nivel de confiabilidad que el programa de superación causó diferencias entre los resultados al inicio y al final en su preparación Didáctica. Conclusiones: se manifestó la viabilidad de este programa y sus posibilidades de provocar cambios positivos en la preparación en Didáctica en los docentes, en correspondencia con las particularidades del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estomatología.

ABSTRACT Background: in Cuban higher medical education, professional development constitutes an important way to achieve the improvement and / or completion of the teaching staff's preparation in Didactics. Objective: to socialize the results obtained in the implementation of the program of improvement in Didactics. Methods: a development investigation was carried out at the Dentistry Faculty of Villa Clara during from 2016 to 2019. Theoretical methods were used: analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; empirical ones: pedagogical test, contrast of information and pedagogical pre-experiment; and statistical and / or mathematical processing: frequency calculation and Wilcoxon test. Results: the evaluation of the dependent variable by levels in the pedagogical pre- experiment showed that all the teachers went through the level in both dimensions. The selected statistical test allowed comparing the frequency values ​​and as p = 0.000 <0.05 it can be stated with a high level of reliability that the improvement program caused differences between the results at the beginning and at the end in its Didactic preparation. Conclusions: the viability of this program and its possibilities of causing positive changes in the preparation of Didactics in teachers were expressed, in correspondence with the particularities of the teaching-learning process of Dentistry.

The Role of BANK1 in B Cell Signaling and Disease.

The B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats (BANK1) is expressed primarily in B cells and with multiple but discrete roles in B cell signaling, including B cell receptor signaling, CD40-related signaling, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. The gene for BANK1, located in chromosome 4, has been found to contain genetic variants that are associated with several autoimmune diseases and also other complex phenotypes, in particular, with systemic lupus erythematosus. Common genetic variants are associated with changes in BANK1 expression in B cells, while rare variants modify their capacity to bind efferent effectors during signaling. A BANK1-deficient model has shown the importance of BANK1 during TLR7 and TLR9 signaling and has confirmed its role in the disease. Still, much needs to be done to fully understand the function of BANK1, but the main conclusion is that it may be the link between different signaling functions within the B cells and they may act to synergize the various pathways within a cell. With this review, we hope to enhance the interest in this molecule.

Short-term efficacy of a gel containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C and nanovitamin E on peri-implant mucositis: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of a gel containing propolis extract, nanovitamin C and nanovitamin E as adjuvant to mechanical debridement in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PM). BACKGROUND: Propolis has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect that may improve peri-implant health. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind study was performed on patients with at least one implant with PM. Participants received a professional prophylaxis and were instructed to use either test or a control gel as toothpaste three times/day for 1 month. Clinical and microbiological parameters were evaluated. PM resolution was considered in absence of bleeding on probing (BOP). Data were analysed with Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank and chi-square tests. RESULTS: Forty-six patients participated (23 in each group). After treatment, 26.1% of test patients showed complete PM resolution versus 0% in control group (p = .02). Significant reductions were observed in plaque index (p = .03), BOP (p = .04) and probing depths (p = .027) in test compared with control group. The reduction in Tannerella forsythia was statistically greater in test than in control group at 1-month follow-up (p = .02). Porphyromonas gingivalis was statistically reduced in test group from baseline to 1-month follow-up (p = .05). CONCLUSION: Test gel clinically improved PM and showed certain antimicrobial effect after 1 month in comparison with control group. Further long-term clinical trials are required to confirm these results.

Genes involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral cancer: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered the initial step in the invasion-metastasis cascade. The aim of this systematic review was to study the signature of genes involved in the EMT process in oral cancer (OC) confirmed by protein expression and its possible relationship with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) prognostic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search of the scientific literature was carried out with no start date restriction until 17 September 2020 in the electronic databases Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus, following specific eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. RESULTS: A total of 8 retrospective cohort studies were included, all of them performed in China and with low risk of bias. Overexpression of the genes HNRNPC, ITGA5, HMGA2 and SRSF3, and low expression of ALDH3A1 and ARID2 promote EMT in OC. The more advanced clinical stages of the TNM classification were significantly associated with overexpression of HNRNPC, ITGA5, HMGA2 and SRSF3, and low expression of ARID2. CONCLUSIONS: HNRNPC, ITGA5, HMGA2, SRSF3, ALDH3A1 and ARID2 genes were associated with EMT process. Over- or under-expression of these genes is associated with worse stages of OSCC and/or worse prognosis of the tumor. Further studies on this topic are needed in different countries to be able to confirm these results, since the detection of these genes can help to know which tumors have a worse prognosis.

The role for high flow nasal cannula as a respiratory support strategy in adults: a clinical practice guideline.

PURPOSE: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a relatively recent respiratory support technique which delivers high flow, heated and humidified controlled concentration of oxygen via the nasal route. Recently, its use has increased for a variety of clinical indications. To guide clinical practice, we developed evidence-based recommendations regarding use of HFNC in various clinical settings. METHODS: We formed a guideline panel composed of clinicians, methodologists and experts in respiratory medicine. Using GRADE, the panel developed recommendations for four actionable questions. RESULTS: The guideline panel made a strong recommendation for HFNC in hypoxemic respiratory failure compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) (moderate certainty), a conditional recommendation for HFNC following extubation (moderate certainty), no recommendation regarding HFNC in the peri-intubation period (moderate certainty), and a conditional recommendation for postoperative HFNC in high risk and/or obese patients following cardiac or thoracic surgery (moderate certainty). CONCLUSIONS: This clinical practice guideline synthesizes current best-evidence into four recommendations for HFNC use in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, following extubation, in the peri-intubation period, and postoperatively for bedside clinicians.

La didáctica particular del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en Estomatología: una fundamentación necesaria / The specific didactics of the teaching and learning process in Stomatology: a necessary background

RESUMEN Fundamento: se necesita desarrollar una Didáctica que responda a las particularidades del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estomatología y conferirle a la superación y la investigación en este campo el papel que le corresponde. Objetivo: fundamentar algunos preceptos teóricos sobre el uso de la didáctica particular de las ciencias médicas en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje de la Estomatología. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara durante los años 2016 a 2018. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y sistémico estructural; empíricos: análisis documental, observación, grupos de enfoque y criterios de especialistas. Resultados: se constataron carencias en la aplicación de una didáctica particular en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en Estomatología, por lo que se realizó un análisis donde se fundamentaron sus componentes personales y no personales con nuevos elementos que sirven como sustento teórico para la realización de cualquier investigación que tenga este proceso como objeto de estudio. Conclusiones: los fundamentos teóricos derivados del análisis recibieron una valoración favorable por los especialistas consultados porque proporcionaron elementos importantes en los procesos de profesionalización docente o pedagogización del claustro de esta carrera, y por tanto, demandan su inclusión en la superación profesional pedagógica de sus docentes.

ABSTRACT Background: a Didactics that meets the particularities of the teaching and learning process of Stomatology as well as to give to training and research its rightful role in this field, needs to be developed. Objective: to provide some theoretical precepts on the use of the specific didactics of medical sciences in the teaching and learning process in Stomatology. Methods: a development research was carried out in the Stomatology Faculty at the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara from 2016 to 2018. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical method, analytical-synthetic method and systemic-structural method; empirical methods: documentary analysis method, observation method, focus groups method and specialist criteria method. Results: we found deficiencies in the application of a specific didactics in the teaching and learning process in Stomatology. Therefore, an analysis through which we provided the personal and non-personal components with new elements that serve as theoretical support to conduct any research study that has this process as study object, was carried out. Conclusions: theoretical foundations resulting from the analysis had a favorable assessment from specialists were asked because they provided important elements in the processes of teaching professionalization or pedagogy of the teaching staff of this career, and therefore, they demand this elements be included in pedagogical professional development for teachers from this faculty.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula in the Immediate Postoperative Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) prevents intubation in acute hypoxic respiratory failure when compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT). However, the data examining routine HFNC use in the immediate postoperative period are less clear. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is routine HFNC use superior to COT or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) use in preventing intubation in patients postoperatively? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We comprehensively searched databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effect of HFNC use with that of COT or NIV in the immediate postoperative period on reintubation, escalation of respiratory support, hospital mortality, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS), postoperative hypoxemia, and treatment complications. We assessed individual study risk of bias (RoB) by using the revised Cochrane RoB 2 tool and rated certainty in outcomes by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. RESULTS: We included 11 RCTs enrolling 2,201 patients. Ten compared HFNC with COT and one with NIV. Compared with COT use, HFNC use in the postoperative period was associated with a lower reintubation rate (relative risk [RR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.88; absolute risk reduction [ARR], 2.9%; moderate certainty) and decreased escalation of respiratory support (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.94; ARR, 5.8%; very low certainty). Post hoc subgroup analysis suggested that this effect was driven by patients who were obese and/or at high risk (subgroup differences, P = .06). We did not find differences in any of the other stated outcomes between HFNC and COT. HFNC was also no different from NIV in reintubation rate, respiratory therapy failure, or ICU LOS. INTERPRETATION: With evidence of moderate certainty, prophylactic HFNC reduces reintubation and escalation of respiratory support compared with COT in the immediate postoperative period after cardiothoracic surgery. This effect is likely driven by patients who are at high risk and/or obese. These findings support postoperative prophylactic HFNC use in the patients who are at high risk and/or obese undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.

Association of salivary inflammatory biomarkers with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction. The adaptive immune response associated with T helper-2 lymphocytes appears to be altered in these patients. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-5, and IL-4 in patients with pSS when compared to a healthy control (HC) group. The secondary objectives were to study whether ILs levels in pSS patients were associated with salivary flow, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) for xerostomia and oral health quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile-14 [OHIP-14]), pSS classification criteria and presence of extraglandular manifestations. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted in 36 patients with pSS and 35 HCs. Cytokine levels were measured using high-sensitivity multiplex map human immunoassays. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected and patients filled out questionnaires. The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and Spearman correlation test were used. RESULTS: Interleukin-6 was significantly higher in pSS patients than in HCs (P = .0001). IL-6 was significantly higher in pSS patients with a positive salivary gland biopsy (P = .04), whole stimulated saliva hyposalivation (P = .02), and presence of musculoskeletal disorders (P = .03). There was a non-significant positive correlation between IL-6 levels and PROMs for xerostomia (r = .31; P = .06) and OHIP-14 (r = .07; P = .68) in pSS patients. Levels of IL-4 and IL-5 were not detected in both pSS and HCs patients. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary IL-6 levels are significantly associated with pSS patients, and therefore, it is hypothesized that this biomarker may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of this disease.

Caracterización de los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en estomatología / Characterization of the components of the teaching-learning process in dental medicine

Introducción: Para que la universidad médica pueda cumplir su encargo social requiere de docentes preparados no solo en el contenido que enseñan, sino también en otros aspectos, entre los que se incluye la didáctica. Objetivo: Caracterizar los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la estomatología en el contexto de la educación médica superior cubana. Desarrollo: En Cuba se aprecian esfuerzos por el perfeccionamiento del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje que forma a los profesionales en estomatología, fundamentalmente en cuanto al trabajo metodológico, el diseño curricular y la superación pedagógica de los docentes. Este trabajo se organiza a partir de los diferentes componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y según lo establece la ciencia que tiene como objeto de estudio la didáctica, por lo que se necesita promover el desarrollo de las didácticas particulares, atendiendo a las nuevas demandas que plantea el siglo xxi a las universidades médicas, pero sin desligarse de la didáctica general. Conclusiones: Los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la estomatología presentan ciertos atributos peculiares en la educación médica superior cubana, por lo que esta podría tributar al desarrollo de su didáctica particular(AU)

Introduction: In order to fulfill its social assignment, medical university needs teachers trained not only in the content that they teach, but also in other aspects, including didactics. Objective: To characterize the components of the teaching-learning process of dental medicine in the context of Cuban higher medical education. Development: In Cuba, efforts are appreciated for the improvement of the teaching-learning process that trains dental medicine professionals, mainly in terms of methodological work, curriculum design and pedagogical upgrade of teachers. This work is organized based on the different components of the teaching-learning process and as it is established by the science that has didactics as its object of study, so it is necessary to promote the development of particular didactics, with a focus on the new demands posed by the twenty-first century to medical universities, but without detaching itself from general didactics. Conclusions: The components of the teaching-learning process of dental medicine present certain specific attributes in Cuban higher medical education, so that this could contribute to the development of their particular didactics(AU)

Superación pedagógica de los docentes noveles en Estomatología: una necesidad en Villa Clara / Pedagogical upgrading of newly graduated teachers in Dentistry: a need in Villa Clara

RESUMEN Fundamento: la formación científica de los docentes noveles de Estomatología tiene que estar acompañada de una preparación pedagógica, particularmente en las didácticas general y particular de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: caracterizar la formación y superación pedagógica de los docentes noveles de la carrera de Estomatología de Villa Clara. Métodos: la investigación descriptiva se desarrolló en la Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara entre marzo del 2016 y julio del 2017. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; y empíricos: observación, entrevista, encuesta en forma de cuestionario y la triangulación de los resultados. Resultados: se constató que la mayoría de los docentes muestreados son estomatólogos que imparten la docencia a tiempo parcial, recibieron el módulo de pedagogía durante la especialidad, pero menos de la mitad ha recibido el Curso Básico de Pedagogía y el diplomado de Educación Médica Superior, además se han desaprovechado otras actividades de superación como cursos, conferencias y talleres orientados hacia la profesionalización docente, por lo que refieren carencias en su accionar docente. Conclusiones: la caracterización realizada a los docentes noveles ha permitido constatar que presentan necesidades de aprendizaje, principalmente en el área de las didácticas -general y particular- lo cual fundamenta la necesidad de elaborar y ejecutar un programa de superación profesional en esta dirección.

ABSTRACT Background: the scientific training of the new Dentistry teachers has to be accompanied by a pedagogical preparation, particularly in the general and particular didactic of the medical sciences. Objective: to characterize the pedagogical training and upgrading of new teachers of the Dentistry degree in Villa Clara. Methods: the descriptive research was developed in the Dentistry Faculty, Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences from March 2016 to July 2017. Theoretical methods were used: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; and empirical ones: observation, interview, survey in the form of a questionnaire and the triangulation of the results. Results: it was found that the majority of sampled teachers are dentists who teach part-time, they received the module of pedagogy during the specialty, but less than half of them have received the Basic Course of Pedagogy and the diploma of Higher Medical Education, In addition, other overcoming activities have been missed, such as courses, lectures and workshops aimed at teaching professionalization, that´s why they report deficiencies in their teaching actions. Conclusions: the characterization of new teachers has shown that they have learning needs, mainly in the area of didactics -general and particular- which is the basis for the need to develop and carry out a professional upgrading program to this respect.

Implant treatment in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients: A prospective case-controlled study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of implant therapy in a cohort of immunosuppressed renal transplant patients compared with a matched control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pharmacologically immunosuppressed renal transplant patients received dental implant treatment between 2001 and 2011. Periodontal, clinical and radiographic parameters were prospectively measured with a mean follow-up of 116.8 months (range from 84 to 192 months). A matched controlled non-transplant sample receiving similar implant treatment in the same time was included as a control group. RESULTS: Implant survival rate was over 98% in both test and control groups (100% and 98.84%, respectively). Peri-implant mucositis was diagnosed in 46.80% of the implants in the study group and in 48.80% in the control group. Peri-implantitis occurred in 5.10% of the implants in the study group and in 8.10% of the controls. Wound healing and post-operative pain were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of this study, pharmacological immunosuppression in renal transplant patients did not affect implant outcomes. Renal transplant patients should be carefully controlled periodically after implant treatment. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results from this investigation justify the use of dental implants for the dentalrehabilitation of immunosuppressed patients after renal transplantation provided they follow the necessarylong-term monitoring and regular maintenance of their oral and systemic health.