RESUMO
Pim kinases have been targets of interest for a number of therapeutic areas. Evidence of durable single-agent efficacy in human clinical trials validated Pim kinase inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for multiple myeloma patients. Here, we report the compound optimization leading to GDC-0339 (16), a potent, orally bioavailable, and well tolerated pan-Pim kinase inhibitor that proved efficacious in RPMI8226 and MM.1S human multiple myeloma xenograft mouse models and has been evaluated as an early development candidate.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Células Madin Darby de Rim Canino , Masculino , Camundongos SCID , Estrutura Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/metabolismo , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a complex process that is altered significantly with altitude exposure. Acute exposure produces a marked increase in CBF, in proportion to the severity of the hypoxia and mitigated by hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia when CO(2) is uncontrolled. A number of mediators contribute to the hypoxia-induced cerebral vasodilation, including adenosine, potassium channels, substance P, prostaglandins, and NO. Upon acclimatization to altitude, CBF returns towards normal sea-level values in subsequent days and weeks, mediated by a progressive increase in PO2, first through hyperventilation followed by erythropoiesis. With long-term altitude exposure, a number of mechanisms play a role in regulating CBF, including acid-base balance, hematological modifications, and angiogenesis. Finally, several cerebrovascular disorders are associated with altitude exposure. Existing gaps in our knowledge of CBF and altitude, and areas of future investigation include effects of longer exposures, intermittent hypoxia, and gender differences in the CBF responses to altitude.