Prospective assessment of outcomes in 411 patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen for chronic radiation tissue injury.

BACKGROUND: Although hyperbaric oxygen is used to treat chronic radiation tissue injury, clinical evidence supporting its efficacy has been limited to date. The authors report prospectively collected patient outcomes from a single center's large experience using hyperbaric oxygen to treat chronic radiation injury. METHODS: Since 2002, patient outcomes at the conclusion of a course of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for chronic radiation tissue injury at Virginia Mason Medical Center in Seattle have been graded by a board-certified hyperbaric physician and prospectively recorded. From 2002 to 2010, a total of 525 patients received treatment for 1 of 6 forms of radionecrosis analyzed. After excluding 114 patients for incomplete records or treatment courses or for previous receipt of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, records of 411 patients were retrospectively reviewed in 2010, and outcomes were regraded by a second board-certified physician. A positive clinical response was defined as an outcome graded as either "resolved" (90%-100% improved) or "significantly improved" (50%-89% improved). RESULTS: A positive outcome from hyperbaric treatment occurred in 94% of patients with osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (n = 43), 76% of patients with cutaneous radionecrosis that caused open wounds (n = 58), 82% of patients with laryngeal radionecrosis (n = 27), 89% of patients with radiation cystitis (n = 44), 63% of patients with gastrointestinal radionecrosis (n = 73), and 100% of patients who were treated in conjunction with oral surgery in a previously irradiated jaw (n = 166). CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of 411 patients collected prospectively over 8 years strongly supported the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for the 6 conditions evaluated. The response rates previously reported in numerous small series were supported by the responses achieved in this large, single-center experience.

Atypical calciphylaxis in a patient receiving warfarin then resolving with cessation of warfarin and application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

UNLABELLED: Calciphylaxis is a rare, usually fatal vasculopathic disorder characterized by cutaneous ischemia and necrosis due to calcification of arterioles. Although calciphylaxis is most frequently associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism, it has been reported infrequently among patients on warfarin. No standard treatment has been established for atypical calciphylaxis; however, a potentially beneficial treatment is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). A high degree of clinical suspicion, early diagnosis, and understanding the pathophysiology of this disease promotes the optimal management of this extremely morbid and often fatal condition. CASE REPORT: We present a 63-year-old Polynesian woman with biopsy-proven calciphylaxis in the absence of ESRD or elevated serum calcium levels while taking warfarin. Therapeutic dose enoxaparin was substituted for warfarin and she received 40 sessions of HBOT during which lower extremity ulcers resolved. DISCUSSION: Warfarin has been implicated when calciphylaxis presents in an atypical fashion. No guidelines exist for treatment of atypical calciphylaxis in the setting of concomitant warfarin therapy. Up to 80% of calciphylaxis patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. Our patient was changed to low-molecular-weight heparin and received HBOT. CONCLUSION: We present what we believe is the first case of atypical calciphylaxis thought to be attributable to warfarin treated with a therapeutic substitution of anticoagulant and HBOT leading to resolution of cutaneous lesions.

Hyperoxia and infection.

Surgical wound infection remains a common and serious complication of surgery. Patient factors are a major determinant of wound outcome following surgery. Co-morbidities clearly contribute, but environmental stressors as well the individual response to stress may be equally important. In particular, wounds are exquisitely sensitive to hypoxia, which is both common and preventable. Perioperative management can promote postoperative wound healing and resistance to infection. Maintaining perfusion and oxygenation of the wound is paramount. Once perfusion is assured, addition of increased inspired oxygen substantially reduces surgical site infection in at risk patients. A greater degree of hyperoxemia, achievable with administration of hyperbaric oxygen, is useful as an adjunct to the treatment of serious soft tissue and bone infections in selected patients. This article will review the basic science underlying these observations, along with the clinical data that support the use of hyperoxia in preventing and treating infections.