Perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex and resembling lesions treated with intravitreal triamcinolone.

PURPOSE: To report the use of intravitreal triamcinolone to treat macular edema associated with isolated perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PVAC) and resembling lesion (PVAC-RL). METHODS: In this case series, three diabetic patients (3 eyes) with PVAC-RLs and one healthy patient (1 eye) with PVAC lesion associated with cystic spaces underwent three intravitreal injections of aflibercept before switching to one intravitreal triamcinolone injection in each patient. RESULTS: Macular edema improved from 297.5 ± 8.10 µm, at baseline, to 269.2 ± 8.89 µm, after triamcinolone; whereas visual acuity improved from 20/38 to 20/26 (ETDRS). CONCLUSION: PVAC and PVAC-RL are rare and often misdiagnosed lesions that may be associated with decreased vision. Our outcomes suggest that intravitreal injection of triamcinolone may be an effective and affordable treatment for PVAC and PVAC-RL with intraretinal fluid.

Retinal microvascular abnormalities, cotton wool-like lesions, and macular edema following COVID-19 in a patient previously vaccinated with AstraZeneca and idiopathic myopathy.

In this case study, the authors describe peculiar bilateral cotton wool-like retinal lesions associated with macular edema in a patient with COVID-19 who was vaccinated with a single dose of AstraZeneca one month earlier. This patient had no pulmonary or systemic cardiovascular complications from COVID-19, as reported in other papers that found retinal lesions. However, the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic myopathy when discovering the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient was a 22-year-old white female with no previous history of morbidity, complaining of blurred vision in both eyes seven days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR (using nasal and oral swab) and confirmed through ELISA blood test (IgM positive). There was no ancillary test revealing diabetes mellitus. The patient presented with scattered whitish cotton wool-like lesions and a few hemorrhages on the posterior pole in fundus examination. On spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), there were hyperreflective lesions in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and inner and outer plexiform layers at the site corresponding to the whitish cotton wool-like lesions in the posterior fundus photos. Moreover, the macula of both eyes had intraretinal and subretinal fluid, reversible with corticosteroid therapy. In conclusion, COVID-19 has been associated with capillary disorders at different target sites such as retina, lungs, and central nervous system. Similarly, vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been linked to retinal complications in the literature; however, cotton wool-like lesions have not yet been reported. There are many questions yet to be answered about the implications of COVID-19 infection and its vaccines.

Treatment of Radiation Retinopathy with Intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab (Lucentis®).

To report a treatment of radiation retinopathy in a patient exposed to ionizing radiation for a period of 2 years. A 26-year-old female patient with no comorbidities diagnosed with myelodysplasia confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. She presented a complaint of bilateral progressive visual acuity reduction. At the ophthalmologic examination, she presented alterations suggestive of radiation retinopathy as well as macular thickness to optical coherence tomography (OCT) of over 500 µm. The patient underwent intravitreal injection (0.05 mL) of ranibizumab (Lucentis®) monthly in both eyes and follow-up through visual acuity and OCT examination. She presented reduction of macular edema as well as a slight improvement of visual acuity. In this case, the treatment of radiation retinopathy with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (Lucentis) was relatively useful, with a slight improvement of visual acuity, due to the regression of macular edema, not being curative.

Diathermy for 23-gauge sclerotomy: a functional and morphologic study to avoid ocular hypotony.

PURPOSE: To evaluate diathermy to minimize sclerotomy leakage during small-gauge vitrectomy and prevent ocular hypotony. METHODS: This observational prospective study included 327 patients (327 eyes) who underwent diathermy to close the sclerotomy sites during 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). All patients were operated by a single surgeon (ED) and evaluated at 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Patients with glaucoma, topical/systemic steroids use exceeding 30 days, ocular inflammation, or trauma were excluded. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher Exact test, and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate potential risk factors. The primary outcomes were open sclerotomies, leakage, and ocular hypotony. RESULTS: Sclerotomies remained open in 12 (3.6%) and 2 (0.6%) patients, respectively, at 30 and 60 days postoperatively, revealing no case of ocular hypotony. Leakage only occurred in four patients (1.2%) during week 1 postoperatively. Multivariate analysis indicated that additional vitreoretinal surgeries and longer surgeries were risk factors for persistent sclerotomy opening. CONCLUSION: Diathermy was safe and feasible to close sclerotomies. Vitreoretinal surgery reoperations and longer surgeries were the most significant (P<0.05) risk factors for persistent sclerotomy opening, which may be functionally closed without evidence of leakage or ocular hypotony.

Leuconostoc as a Cause of Endophthalmitis Post-intravitreal Injection of Ranibizumab.

PURPOSE: The authors report a case of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. METHODS: After searching for extensive laboratory tests to isolate the etiologic agent Results: The agent was determined as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, gram-positive cocci, vancomycin resistant. DISCUSSION: Considerations regarding this bacterium were done by calling attention to its rarity, difficulty of isolation, and action on secondary comorbidities as opportunistic pathogen.

Emphysema following vitrectomy with fluid-gas exchange: description of a rare complication.

PURPOSE: To report a case of subcutaneous emphysema involving the orbit, mediastinum, and face after pars plana vitrectomy with fluid-gas exchange. METHODS: Case report of a 55-year-old man who presented with bilateral eyelid and face edema and dysphagia in the immediate postoperative period after pars plana vitrectomy. Orbital and chest computed tomographies were performed, revealing emphysema of the orbit and soft tissue of the face, extending from the neck to the upper chest. RESULTS: The patient with a retinal detachment in the right eye underwent 23-gauge vitrectomy surgery with fluid-gas exchange and an implantation of silicone oil. The patient had a previous history of facial trauma for more than 20 years with an orbital fracture. After surgery, the patient developed emphysema of the orbit, soft tissue of the face and upper chest. Systemic prophylactic antibiotics associated with antibiotics and steroid drops performed a satisfactory evolution. CONCLUSION: The fluid-gas exchange during pars plana vitrectomy in patients with orbital fracture can lead to emphysema of the face, chest, and soft tissue.

Pyogenic granuloma after retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckle: case report.

The authors relate an uncommon case of pyogenic granuloma restricted to tarsal conjunctiva post retinopexy with scleral buckle.

Pyogenic granuloma after retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckle: case report / Granuloma piogênico após cirurgia de descolamento de retina com introflexão escleral: relato de caso

The authors relate an uncommon case of pyogenic granuloma restricted to tarsal conjunctiva post retinopexy with scleral buckle.

Os autores relatam um caso de granuloma piogênico subconjuntival pós retinopexia com introflexão escleral. É uma complicação pós-cirúrgica incomum neste tipo de procedimento.

Buraco macular traumático bilateral pós-descarga elétrica. Considerações sobre um caso de etiologia incomum / Macular hole following electric burn

Os autores relatam um caso de buraco macular por descarga elétrica, enfatizando que sua fisiopatologia difere das causas comuns, como a traumática e idiopática. Descrevem alterações morfológicas características utilizando a tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT) e imagens de retinografia.

The authors relate an uncommon case of macular hole following electric burn. They describe an uncommon physiopathology, which is different from traumatic and idiopathic macular hole.

Papilopatia diabética e triamcinolona intravítrea: [relato de caso] / Diabetic papillopathy and intravitreal triamcinolone: [case report]

Os autores descrevem um caso de papilopatia diabética em paciente diabética insulino-dependente no qual se utilizou o acetonido de triancinolona com injeção intravítrea como opção de tratamento.

The authors describe one case of diabetic papillopathy. They used an intravitreal triamcinolone as an option of treatment.

Erosão trans-escleral porsutura de Arruga pós retinopexia / Intrascleral erosion post retinopexy surgery with Arruga surgery

Os autores descrevem uma rara complicação de cirurgia de retinopexia com uso de fio de sutura de cerclagem de Arruga, evoluindo com erosão escleral e perfuração intra-ocular.

The authors relate an uncommon complication of retinopexy with encircling scleral buckle employing Arruga Suture, that has evolved to scleral erosion and intraocular damage.