RESUMO
This study was to investigate whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and saffron aqueous extract (SAE) would provide a synergistic effect to improve tumor volume reduction and also modulate pro- and anti-apoptotic protein expression in tumor tissue of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. Female mice following induction of breast cancer through injection of 4T1 cell lines were randomly divided into four groups: (1) HIIT, (2) SAE, (3) HIIT+ SAE, and (4) control. The tumor volume was significantly lower in the HIIT, SAE, and HIIT+SAE groups than in the controls. The protein level of caspase-3 in the HIIT and the SAE groups was higher than in the control and the HIIT+SAE groups. The Bax protein level in the SAE group was higher than in the control. The HIIT+SAE group showed a lower level of Bax than the HIIT and the SAE groups. The protein level of Bcl-2 was higher in the HIIT+SAE vs. both the HIIT and the SAE groups. Finally, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was significantly higher in the HIIT and the SAE groups than in the HIIT+SAE and control groups. These findings indicate that a combination of HIIT and SAE interventions does not improve the apoptotic induction in tumor tissue, while both HIIT and SAE treatments may mediate apoptotic pathway as evinced by the elevated ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels during tumor progression in breast cancer-bearing mice.
RESUMO
The growing rate of cancer incidences and inefficiency of current therapies have made scientists to find novel agents such as medicinal plants. Ziziphus jujube is one of these plants whose pharmaceutical effects have been studied for a long time. Recent investigations have proved that bioactive compounds of Ziziphus jujube including triterpenic acids, flavonoids, cerebrosides, phenolic acids, α tocopherol, ß carotene, and polysaccharides have anti-proliferative effects on several cancerous cell lines and animals. The present study aimed to cover all previous invitro and invivo findings and some of molecular mechanisms of its anticancer property.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Ziziphus/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Transplante Heterólogo , Ziziphus/metabolismoRESUMO
Agronomic and environmental factors affect quality and quantity of constituents in Saffron. In this study, we compared chemical and antioxidant compounds of organic (OS) and inorganic (IOS) stigma of saffron and evaluated their anti-proliferative and apoptosis effects on cancer cells. Total antioxidant capacity of both saffron were characterized by FRAP, DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu. HPLC and MTT methods were used to assay the amount of their secondary metabolites and anticancer effects, respectively. The expression of two apoptosis-related genes in treated cells evaluated by quantitative Real Time-PCR analysis. Our data indicated that OS has more secondary metabolites, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties compared to IOS. OS significantly inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Herb-induced apoptosis associated with increased expression of Bax and decreased Bcl2 gene leading eventually to a time-dependent increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Therefore, we can suggest organic saffron has promising and selective inhibitory effects on cancer cell proliferation.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Crocus/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Apoptose/genética , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Irã (Geográfico) , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Tempo , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genéticaRESUMO
Recently, there are tendency to use natural products such as Ziziphus Jujube (Jujube) as therapeutic agents for cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of Jujube may improve the current therapeutic strategies against cervical cancer. Our MTT data showed a significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of OV-2008 cell proliferation following Jujube administration. Moreover, qRT-PCR analyses significantly revealed the suppression of cyclin D1 and the enhancement of P53, P21 and P27 expression in treated cells. These results suggest that the herb exerts a cytotoxic effect on cervical cancer cells through alternation of the expression of the genes that are involved in regulation of cell cycle.