Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Prevented Influenza-Induced Lung Inflammation via the RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3 Pathway.

Uncontrolled inflammation contributes significantly to the mortality in acute respiratory infections. Our previous research has demonstrated that maize bran feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) possess notable anti-inflammatory properties linked to the NF-kB pathway regulation. In this study, we clarified that the oral administration of FOs moderately inhibited H1N1 virus infection and reduced lung inflammation in influenza-infected mice by decreasing a wide spectrum of cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-ß, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-23) in the lungs. The mechanism involves FOs suppressing the transduction of the RIG-I/MAVS/TRAF3 signaling pathway, subsequently lowering the expression of NF-κB. In silico analysis suggests that FOs have a greater binding affinity for the RIG-I/MAVS signaling complex. This indicates that FOs have potential as promising targets for immune modulation. Moreover, in MAVS knockout mice, we confirmed that the anti-inflammatory function of FOs against influenza depends on MAVS. Comprehensive analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolite profiling techniques showed that FOs have the potential to restore immunity by modulating the gut microbiota. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that FOs are effective anti-inflammatory phytochemicals in inhibiting lung inflammation caused by influenza. This suggests that FOs could serve as a potential nutritional strategy for preventing the H1N1 virus infection and associated lung inflammation.

Reactive Carbonyl Species Scavenger: Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a prominent polyphenol found abundantly in tea, has garnered significant attention for its potential in preventing and ameliorating a wide range of diseases. Its remarkable antioxidant properties and ability to capture reactive carbonyl species make it a key player among tea's polyphenolic components. This paper delves into the synthesis and origins of both EGCG and reactive carbonyl species (RCS), emphasizing the toxicity of RCS in various food sources and their formation during food processing. Understanding EGCG's capability to capture and metabolize RCS is crucial for harnessing its health benefits. Thus, this paper explores the underlying mechanisms of EGCG for RCS inhibition and its role in capturing these compounds to generate EGCG-RCS adducts. And the absorption and metabolism of EGCG-RCS adducts is also discussed.

Liquiritin apioside alleviates colonic inflammation and accompanying depression-like symptoms in colitis by gut metabolites and the balance of Th17/Treg.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant global health concern that can lead to depression in affected patients. Liquiritin apioside (LA) possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism in IBD has not been extensively studied. PURPOSE: This study elucidates the pivotal role of LA in alleviating inflammation by regulating gut metabiota-derived metabolites and evaluating its regulative effects on promoting a balance of Th17/Treg cells in colitis mice. METHODS: To evaluate the effect of LA on IBD,16S rRNA gene sequencing and UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis were used to identify the changes of intestinal bacteria and their metabolites. Cytokines levels were determined by ELISA and qPCR, while immune cell ratios were evaluated via flow cytometry. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that LA treatment ameliorated general states of DSS-induced colitis mice and their accompanying depressive behaviors. Moreover, LA restricted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and revised the imbalanced Treg/Th17 differentiation, while promoting SCFAs production in inflamed colon tissues. Fecal microbiota transplantation from LA-fed mice also corrected the imbalanced Treg/Th17 differentiation, indicating that LA-mediated restoration of the colonic Treg/Th17 balance mainly depends on the changes in gut metabolites. CONCLUSION: These results provide scientific evidence explaining the apparent paradox of low bioavailability and high bioactivity in polyphenols, and suggesting that LA could be used as a potential dietary supplement for the prevention and improvement of IBD.

NIR-II Responsive Upconversion Nanoprobe with Simultaneously Enhanced Single-Band Red Luminescence and Phase/Size Control for Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy.

Lanthanide based upconversion (UC) nanoprobes have emerged as promising agents for biological applications. Extending the excitation light to the second near-infrared (NIR-II), instead of the traditional 980/808 nm light, and realizing NIR-II responsive single-band red UC emission is highly demanded for bioimaging application, which has not yet been explored. Here, a new type of NIR-II (1532 nm) light responsive UC nanoparticles (UCNPs) with enhanced single-band red UC emission and controllable phase and size is designed by introducing Er3+ as sensitizer and utilizing Mn2+ as energy manipulator. Through tuning the content of Mn2+ in NaLnF4 :Er/Mn, the crystal phase, size, and emitting color are readily controlled, and the red-to-green (R/G) ratio is significantly increased from ≈20 to ≈300, leading to NIR-II responsive single band red emission via efficient energy transfer between Er3+ and Mn2+ . In addition, the single band red emitting intensity can be further improved by coating shell to avoid the surface quenching effect. More importantly, NIR-II light activated red UC bioimaging and photodynamic therapy through loading photosensitizer of zinc phthalocyanine are successfully achieved for the first time. These findings provide a new strategy of designing NIR-II light responsive single-band red emissive UCNPs for biomedical applications.

Recyclable Endogenous H2 S Activation of Self-Assembled Nanoprobe with Controllable Biodegradation for Synergistically Enhanced Colon Cancer-Specific Therapy.

Excessive production of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) plays a crucial role in the progress of colon cancer. Construction of tumor-specific H2 S-activated smart nanoplatform with controllable biodegradation is of great significance for precise and sustainable treatment of colon cancer. Herein, an endogenous H2 S triggered Co-doped polyoxometalate (POM-Co) cluster with self-adjustable size, controlled biodegradation, and sustainable cyclic depletion of H2 S/glutathione (GSH) is designed for synergistic enhanced tumor-specific photothermal and chemodynamic therapy. The designed POM-Co nanocluster holds H2 S responsive "turn-on" photothermal property in colon cancer via self-assembling to form large-sized POM-CoS, enhancing the accumulation at tumor sites. Furthermore, the formed POM-CoS can gradually biodegrade, resulting in release of Co2+ and Mo6+ for Co(II)-catalyzed •OH production and Russell mechanism-enabled 1 O2 generation with GSH consumption, respectively. More importantly, the degraded POM-CoS is reactivated by endogenous H2 S for recyclable and sustainable consumption of H2 S and GSH, resulting in tumor-specific photothermal/chemodynamic continuous therapy. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity of designing tumor microenvironment-driven nanoprobes with controllable biodegradation for precise and sustainable anti-tumor therapy.

Genistein attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory injury of rat dorsal root ganglion neuron via down-regulating HDAC6. / é‡‘é›€å¼‚é»„ç´ é€šè¿‡ä¸‹è°ƒHDAC6减轻LPSè¯±å¯¼çš„å¤§é¼ èƒŒæ ¹ç¥žç»èŠ‚ç¥žç»å ƒç‚Žæ€§æŸä¼¤.

OBJECTIVES: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic pain caused by somatosensory neuropathy or disease, and genistein (Gen) might be a potential drug for the treatment of NP. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of Gen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) in rats and the possible molecular mechanism. METHODS: The DRGn of 1-day-old juvenile rats were taken for isolation and culture. The DRGn in logarithmic growth phase were divided into a control group, a LPS group, a tubastatin hydrochloride (TSA)+LPS group, a Gen1+LPS group, a Gen2+LPS group, a Gen2+LPS+TSA group, a Gen2+pcDNA-histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)+LPS group, and a Gen2+pcDNA3.1+LPS group. The LPS group was treated with 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 h; the TSA+LPS group, the Gen1+LPS group, the Gen2+LPS group were treated with 5 µmol/L TSA, 5 µmol/L Gen, 10 µmol/L Gen respectively for 0.5 h, and then added 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 h; the Gen2+TSA+LPS group was treated with 10 µmol/L Gen and 5 µmol/L TSA for 0.5 h and then added 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 h; the Gen2+pcDNA-HDAC6+LPS group and the Gen2+pcDNA3.1+LPS group received 100 nmol/L pcDNA-HDAC6 and pcDNA3.1 plasmids respectively, and 24 h after transfection, 10 µmol/L Gen was pretreated for 0.5 h, and then added 1 µg/mL LPS for 24 h. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the HDAC6 mRNA expression in DRGn; CCK-8 method was used to detect cell viability of DRGn; flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis of DRGn; ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α in DRGn culture supernatant; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of HDAC6, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and NF-κB p65 in DRGn. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein, the expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 protein in DRGn of LPS group rats were significantly up-regulated, the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 was significantly increased, and the activity of DRGn was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the DRGn culture supernatant were significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein, TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression levels in DRGn of the TSA+LPS group, the Gen1+LPS group, the Gen2+LPS group and the Gen2+TSA+LPS group were significantly down-regulated, the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 was significantly decreased, the activity of DRGn was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased, and the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the DRGn culture supernatant were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), and the above changes were most obvious in the Gen2+TSA+LPS group. Compared with the Gen2+LPS group, the expression levels of HDAC6 mRNA and protein, TLR4 and MyD88 protein expression levels in DRGn of the Gen2+pcDNA-HDAC6+LPS group were significantly up-regulated, the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 was significantly increased, the activity of DRGn was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the levels of IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α in the DRGn culture supernatant were significantly increased (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gen can alleviate LPS-induced DRGn inflammatory injury in rats, which might be related to down-regulating the expression of HDAC6 and further inhibiting the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Polyphenols in edible herbal medicine: targeting gut-brain interactions in depression-associated neuroinflammation.

Supplementing with edible herbal medicine is an important strategy because of its role in nutrition. Many polyphenols, which are universal components in edible herbal medicines, have low bioavailability. Therefore, gut microbiota is a key determinant of polyphenol bioactivity. Polyphenols can alter the abundance of flora associated with neuroinflammation by reversing intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Intestinal flora-mediated chemical modification of polyphenols can result in their conversion into active secondary metabolites. The current review summarizes the main edible medicines used in anti-depression and details the interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota; in addition, it provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the possible suppression of neuroinflammation associated with depression, by polyphenols in edible herbal medicine. A better understanding of polyphenols with bioactivities that are crucial in edible herbal medicine may facilitate their use in the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation associated with depression.

Chitosan-Gelatin-EGCG Nanoparticle-Meditated LncRNA TMEM44-AS1 Silencing to Activate the P53 Signaling Pathway for the Synergistic Reversal of 5-FU Resistance in Gastric Cancer.

Chemoresistance is one of the leading causes of therapeutic failure in gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Recent studies have shown lncRNAs play pivotal roles in regulating GC chemoresistance. Nanocarriers delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to silence cancer-related genes has become a novel approach to cancer treatment research. However, finding target genes and developing nanosystems capable of selectively delivering siRNAs for disease treatment remains a challenge. In this study, a novel lncRNA TMEM44-AS1 that is related to 5-FU resistance is identified. TMEM44-AS1 has the ability to bind to and sponge miR-2355-5p, resulting in the upregulated PPP1R13L expression and P53 pathway inhibition. Next, a new nanocarrier called chitosan-gelatin-EGCG (CGE) is developed, which has a higher gene silencing efficiency than lipo2000, to aid in the delivery of a si-TMEM44-AS1 can efficiently silence TMEM44-AS1 expression to synergistically reverse 5-FU resistance in GC, leading to a markedly enhanced 5-FU therapeutic effect in a xenograft mouse model of GC. These findings indicate that TMEM44-AS1 may estimate 5-FU therapy outcome among GC cases, and that systemic si-TMEM44-AS1 delivery combined with 5-FU therapy is significant in the treatment of patients with recurrent GC.

Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure with Multiple Target-Recognition Domains for Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Mucin 1.

In this work, a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) designed with multiple biomolecular recognition domains (m-TDN) was assembled to construct an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for the quantitative detection of tumor-associated mucin 1 (MUC-1) protein. This new nanostructure not only effectively increased the capture efficiency of target proteins compared to the traditional TDN with a single recognition domain but also enhanced the sensitivity of the constructed electrochemical biosensors. Once the target MUC-1 was captured by the protein aptamers, the ferrocene-marked DNA strands as electrochemical signal probes at the vertices of m-TDN would be released away from the electrode surface, causing significant reduction of the electrochemical signal, thereby enhancing significantly the detection sensitivity. As a result, this well-designed biosensor achieved ultrasensitive detection of the biomolecule at a linear range from 1 fg mL-1 to 1 ng mL-1, with the limit of detection down to 0.31 fg mL-1. This strategy provides a new approach to enhance the detection sensitivity for the diagnosis of diseases.

Health benefits of dietary chronobiotics: beyond resynchronizing internal clocks.

The internal circadian clock in mammals drives whole-body biological activity rhythms. The clock reflects changes in external signals by controlling enzyme functions and the release of hormones involved in metabolic processes. Thus, misalignments between the circadian clock and an individual's daily schedule are recognized to be related to various metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Although evidence has shown the existence of a complex relationship between circadian clock regulation and daily food intake, the regulatory effects of phytochemicals on the circadian clock remain unclarified. To better elucidate these relationships/effects, the circadian system components in mammals, circadian misalignment-related metabolic diseases, circadian rhythm-adjusting phytochemicals (including the heterocycles, acids, flavonoids and others) and the potential mechanisms (including the regulation of clock genes/proteins, metabolites of gut microbiota and secondary metabolites) are reviewed here. The bioactive components of functional foods discussed in this review could be considered potentially effective factors for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders related to circadian misalignment.

Cytotoxicity of adducts formed between quercetin and methylglyoxal in PC-12 cells.

Quercetin (Que) or quercetin-containing food stuffs are widely incorporated in bakery foods for improving food texture and health effects, and scavenging reactive aldehydes, such as methylglyoxal (MGO) that exhibits various deleterious effects including contribution to neurodegeneration. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of the adducts formed between quercetin and MGO resulted from the incorporation of quercetin in foods. Two highly-purified adducts (Que-mono-MGO and Que-di-MGO) were found to display higher cytotoxicity than their precursor MGO and quercetin. They elevated apoptosis via upregulation of expression of apoptotic markers, including p-P38, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, and pro-apoptotic Bax. They induced mitochondrial dysfunction via decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential and increasing lactate dehydrogenase release. Moreover, they attenuated levels of p-Akt, Nrf2, NQO-1, and HO-1, proving that they induced neurodegeneration apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt and Nrf2-HO-1/NQO-1). These findings indicated that the safety consequence of MGO after scavenged by polyphenols needs to be concerned.

Tumor microenvironment responsive hollow mesoporous Co9S8@MnO2-ICG/DOX intelligent nanoplatform for synergistically enhanced tumor multimodal therapy.

The development of multifunctional nanoplatform with combination of tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive dual T1/T2 magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and synergistically self-enhanced photothermal/photodynamic/chemo-therapy is of significant importance for tumor theranostic, which still remains a great challenge. Herein, a novel hollow mesoporous double-shell Co9S8@MnO2 nanoplatform loaded with photodynamic agent of indocyanine green molecules (ICG) and chemotherapy drug of doxorubicin (DOX) was designed for TME responsive dual T1/T2 enhanced MR imaging and synergistically enhanced anti-tumor therapy. The designed nanoplatform with MnO2 shell can act as a TME-responsive oxygen self-supplied producer to alleviate tumor hypoxia and simultaneously improve photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency. Moreover, the TME-induced MnO2 dissolving and near-infrared (NIR) triggered photothermal nature from Co9S8 shell can further promote the tumor-targeted DOX release, leading to the synergistically improved anti-tumor efficacy. And the simultaneous enhancement in dual T1/T2 MR signal was achieved for highly specific tumor diagnosis. The in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that the designed TME-triggered nanoplatform with synergistic combination therapy presented good biocompatibility, and superior inhibition of tumor growth than monotherapy. This study provides the opportunities of designing intelligent TME-activated nanoplatform for highly specific tumor MR imaging and collaborative self-enhanced tumor therapy.

Potential role of drug metabolizing enzymes in chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and hepatotoxicity.

INTRODUCTION: Toxicity of chemotherapy drugs is the leading cause of poor therapeutic outcome in many cancer patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and hepatotoxicity are among the most common side effects of current chemotherapies. Emerging studies indicate that many chemotherapy-induced toxicities are driven by drug metabolism, but very few reviews summarize the role of drug metabolism in chemotherapy-induced GI toxicity and hepatotoxicity. In this review, we highlighted the importance of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in chemotherapy toxicity. AREAS COVERED: Our review demonstrated that altered activity of DMEs play important role in chemotherapy-induced GI toxicity and hepatotoxicity. Besides direct changes in catalytic activities, the transcription of DMEs is also affected by inflammation, cell-signaling pathways, and/or by drugs in cancer patients due to the disease etiology. EXPERT OPINION: More studies should focus on how DMEs are altered during chemotherapy treatment, and how such changes affect the metabolism of chemotherapy drug itself. This mutual interaction between chemotherapies and DMEs can lead to excessive exposure of parent drug or toxic metabolites which ultimately cause GI adverse effect.

A general strategy for designing NIR-II emissive silk for the in vivo monitoring of an implanted stent model beyond 1500 nm.

Silk fibroin-based materials spun by silkworms present excellent biocompatible and biodegradable properties, endowing them with broad applications for use in in vivo implanted devices. Therefore, it is highly desirable to explore functionalized silk with additional optical bioimaging abilities for the direct in situ monitoring of the status of implanted devices in vivo. Herein, a new type of silk material with a second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) emission is explored for the real-time observation of a biological stent model using a general route of feeding larval silkworms with lanthanide-based NaYF4:Gd3+/Yb3+/Er3+@SiO2 nanocrystals. After being fed lanthanide nanocrystals, the silk spun by silkworms shows efficient NIR-II emission beyond 1500 nm. Moreover, NIR-II bio-imaging guided biological stent model monitoring presents a superior signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio compared to the traditional optical imaging by utilizing the upconversion (UC) region. These findings open up the possibility of designing NIR-II optically functionalized silk materials for highly sensitive and deep-tissue monitoring of the in vivo states of the implanted devices.

Capsaicin-the major bioactive ingredient of chili peppers: bio-efficacy and delivery systems.

Capsaicin is the primary bioactive substance in red chili peppers, which produces the pungent flavor. During the past few decades, pharmacological benefits of capsaicin and its underlying mechanisms have been examined extensively. In this paper, major biological efficacies of capsaicin are reviewed, including analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, cardio-protective, and metabolic modulation effects. Novel delivery systems, such as liposomes, micelles, micro/nano-emulsions, colloidal capsules and solid nanoparticles, for enhancing the oral bioavailability of capsaicin are also evaluated depending on the stability, encapsulation efficiency and biological properties. This review provides a theoretical basis for capsaicin to be further developed into a multi-functional ingredient with health-promoting functions in the nutraceutical industry.

The Expression Level of BRCA2 and Its Changes during Chemotherapy in Patients with Different Pathological Types of Mammary Cancer.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the expression level of breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) and its changes during chemotherapy in patients with different pathological types of mammary cancer (MC). METHODS: Overall, 102 patients treated in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China from April 2013 to August 2017 were enrolled as experimental group, including 58 patients with noninvasive MC (group A) and 44 with invasive MC (group B). Fifty healthy volunteers at the same time were enrolled as control group. The relative expression of BRCA2 in the blood of MC patients was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR). RESULTS: In the experimental group, the expression level of BRCA2 in group A was higher than that in group B before chemotherapy (P<0.001); the expression level in group A and group B 1 month after chemotherapy was higher than that before chemotherapy (P<0.001); the expression level in the both groups 3 months after chemotherapy was higher than that 1 month after chemotherapy (P<0.001); the expression level of BRCA2 in blood of group A increased gradually before, 1 month and 3 months after chemotherapy (P<0.001). The expression level of BRCA2 in blood of group B increased gradually at the same time points (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: BRCA2 is over-expressed in noninvasive MC patient and under-expressed in invasive MC patient. And it can be used as an index for monitoring the condition of MC patients with different pathological types during chemotherapy.

Antiapoptotic properties of MALT1 protease are associated with redox homeostasis in ABC-DLBCL cells.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein-1 (MALT1) protease presents crucial antiapoptotic properties in activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL); however, the mechanism is unclear. Here, we reported that inhibition of MALT1 protease in ABC-DLBCL cells led to cell apoptosis, along with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and a reduced oxygen consumption rate. These alterations induced by MALT1 protease inhibition were associated with reduced expression of glutaminase (GLS1) and glutathione levels. We further show that MALT1 protease was required for the activation and nuclear translocation of c-Jun, which functions as a transcription factor of the GLS1 gene by binding directly to its promoter region. Taken together, MALT1 protease maintained mitochondrial redox homeostasis and mitochondrial bioenergetics through the MALT1-c-Jun-GLS1-coupled metabolic pathway to defend against apoptosis in ABC-DLBCL cells, which raises exciting possibilities regarding targeting of the MALT1-c-Jun-GLS1 axis as a potential therapeutic strategy against ABC-DLBCL.

Evaluation of the value of GATA3 combined with E-cadherin in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical value of GATA-3 combined with E-cadherin in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: 120 patients with breast cancer treated in Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University for the first time (experimental group) from May 2014 to December 2016 and 80 healthy females (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. The expression levels of GATA3 and E-cadherin in the experimental group and the control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the combined detection of GATA3 and E-cadherin, and the value of GATA3 and E-cadherin single diagnosis and their combined diagnosis in patients with breast cancers was compared. RESULTS: The expression levels of GATA3 and E-cadherin in breast cancer patients were correlated with clinical stage, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) (p<0.05). The expression level of GATA3 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.01), and the expression level of E-cadherin in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.01). GATA3 was highly expressed in breast cancer patients before surgery and decreased significantly after surgery (p<0.01). E-cadherin was lowly expressed in breast cancer patients before surgery and increased significantly after surgery (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Combined detection of GATA3 and E-cadherin is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, and it is expected to become an effective indicator for the diagnosis of breast cancer in the future.

Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Vivo.

The imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets substantially conduces to disturbed intestinal immune system and succeeding colonic tissue damage in inflammatory bowel diseases. It is considered that regulation of phytochemicals on cytokine production potentially provides a broad prospect for the exploitation of immunomodulatory agents. Here, we reported that oral administration of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) effectively alleviated mice colitis disease induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). FOs decreased the percentage of T helper (Th)17 cells and downregulated the production of Th17-specific cytokines. In contrast, FOs increased the percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells and elevated the production of Treg-specific cytokines in colons of DSS-challenged mice. These results indicated that FOs restored the immunologic equilibrium of Th17 and Treg subsets, hereby ameliorating the deterioration of colitis. Furthermore, FOs diminished the secretion of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-6 but enhanced the transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) in dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo, which contributed to the restoration of Th17 and Treg cells immune balance. The mechanistic analysis showed that the regulation of FOs on IL-23 and IL-6 was associated with the nuclear factor-κ-gene binding signaling pathway and TGF-ß1 with mitogen-activated protein kinase-activator protein 1 signaling pathway. Taken together, oral administration of FOs exerted potent immunomodulatory effects against mice colitis via restoring the immune balance of Th17 and Treg cells.

Comparative study on the phytochemical profiles and cellular antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from barley malts processed under different roasting temperatures.

Consumption of cereal foods has been related to health improvement, which is partly because of their phytochemicals. To explore the functionality and effective application of barley malt, a widely consumed nutritional food, the entire phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of three common barley malt products obtained under different roasting temperatures were analyzed. Results showed that they are abundant in phenolics including flavonoids with high antioxidative activities, as displayed by cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), oxygen radical absorbance capacity, peroxyl radical scavenging capacity, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Among the three barley malts, the raw barley malt bound extract and the dark barley malt free extract exhibited higher CAA values, while the raw barley malt contained a negligible amount of bound phenolics. An efficacious antiproliferation capacity of the dark barley malt free extract was detected in Caco-2 cells. Results also provide an insight into the positive attributes of thermal processing for the biofunctionality of barley malts, especially through the tuning of the accessibility and variability of beneficial phytochemicals.