RESUMO
This study developed a new metallography-property relationship neural network (MPR-Net) to predict the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel built by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The accuracy R2 of MPR-Net was 0.96 and 0.91 for tensile strength and Vickers hardness predictions, respectively, based on optical metallurgy images. Feature visualisation methods, such as gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) and clustering, were employed to interpret the abstract features within the MPR-Net, providing insights into the molten pool morphology and grain formation mechanisms during the LPBF process. Experimental results showed that the optimal process parameters-190 W laser power and 700 mm/s scanning speed-yielded a maximum tensile strength of 762.83 MPa and a Vickers hardness of 253.07 HV0.2 with nearly full densification (99.97%). The study marks the first application of a convolutional neural network (MPR-Net) to predict the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel samples manufactured through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) based on metallography. It innovatively employs techniques such as gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM), spatial coherence testing, and clustering to provide deeper insights into the workings of the machine learning model, enhancing the interpretability of complex neural network decisions in material science.
RESUMO
It has been suggested that dysregulation of hormones is associated with schizophrenia (SCZ). This study aimed to measure the serum levels of progesterone and testosterone in 125 SCZ patients at different stages of treatment and 96 healthy control (HC) subjects. Our results showed that first-episode drug-free SCZ patients had significantly increased testosterone levels when compared with HC subjects, and chronic medication, but not short-term medication, further increased the serum testosterone levels in the patients. Further analysis suggested that the sex of the patients did not affect testosterone levels. In contrast, serum progesterone levels did not show significant differences between first-episode, drug-free SCZ patients and controls, and the antipsychotics increased progesterone levels in the male SCZ patients, but not female patients. Interestingly, our analyses demonstrated that the serum progesterone levels were negatively correlated with PANSS total score and PNASS positive score, suggesting a correlation between blood hormone levels and disease severity in SCZ patients. Taken together, our data showed differential changes in serum testosterone and progesterone levels in SCZ patients with or without antipsychotics, and our results suggest that increased sex hormone levels may be a defensive response to protect the human body under stress.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/sangue , Esquizofrenia/sangue , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Interleukin (IL)-33/ST2 pathway plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis through influencing cancer stemness, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and accumulation of regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironments. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of IL-33 rs7025417 and ST2 rs3821204 with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Genotyping of IL-33 rs7025417 and ST2 rs3821204 was carried out using a Taqman assay. IL-33 and ST2 mRNA was examined using real-time PCR and plasma IL-33 and sST2 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ST2 rs3821204 CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (CC vs. GG: adjusted ORâ¯=â¯2.29, 95% CI, 1.39-3.78; dominant model: adjusted ORâ¯=â¯1.58, 95% CI, 1.12-2.23; recessive model: adjusted ORâ¯=â¯1.88, 95% CI, 1.21-2.93; C vs. G: adjusted ORâ¯=â¯1.53, 95% CI, 1.20-1.95). Gene-environment interaction analysis showed that the risk effect of rs3821204 CG/CC genotypes was more evident in smokers (adjusted ORâ¯=â¯1.70, 95% CI, 1.13-2.55) and drinkers (adjusted ORâ¯=â¯1.57, 95% CI, 1.04-2.37). The increased risk was also observed in combined analysis. Moreover, HCC patients with ST2 rs3821204 CC genotype had higher levels of mRNA and protein expression (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). These findings suggest that ST2 rs3821204 CC genotype may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis by enhancing ST2 production at the transcriptional and translational level.