Analysis of the Causes of Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Misdiagnosed as Lung Cancer by Using Artificial Intelligence: A Retrospective Study at a Single Center.

Artificial intelligence (AI) adopting deep learning technology has been widely used in the med-ical imaging domain in recent years. It realized the automatic judgment of benign and malig-nant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) and even replaced the work of doctors to some extent. However, misdiagnoses can occur in certain cases. Only by determining the causes can AI play a larger role. A total of 21 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were diagnosed with SPN by CT imaging. Their Clinical data, including general condition, imaging features, AI re-ports, and outcomes were included in this retrospective study. Although they were confirmed COVID-19 by testing reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), their CT imaging data were misjudged by AI to be high-risk nodules for lung cancer. Imaging characteristics included burr sign (76.2%), lobulated sign (61.9%), pleural indentation (42.9%), smooth edges (23.8%), and cavity (14.3%). The accuracy of AI was different from that of radiologists in judging the nature of be-nign SPNs (p < 0.001, κ = 0.036 < 0.4, means the two diagnosis methods poor fit). COVID-19 patients with SPN might have been misdiagnosed using the AI system, suggesting that the AI system needs to be further optimized, especially in the event of a new disease outbreak.

Case Report: Recombinant Human Endostatin Plus Chemotherapy for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Negative Miliary Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Except for the traditional chemotherapy, few treatments strategy about miliary intrapulmonary carcinomatosis (MIPC) have been reported in the existing literature. In this report, we primarily discussed the possible etiology and the potentially effective treatment options for a patient with MIPC who benefited from combined treatment. A nonsmoking woman was diagnosed with MIPC at an advanced stage. Gene detection showed an EGFR negative status. She accepted first-line chemotherapy with pemetrexed and cisplatin, and the tumor progressed. Next, PD-1 inhibitors plus pemetrexed and cisplatin were administered, and the tumor remained uncontrolled. After two cycles of recombinant human endostatin plus second-line chemotherapy, the numerous pulmonary nodules had all nearly completely disappeared, while an accentuated decrease in the primary tumor volume was observed. Moreover, biochemical markers, including the patient's tumor markers, also trended toward normal. This report describes the first case of a MIPC patient who significantly responded to antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy may be a possible strategy for the EGFR-negative lung adenocarcinoma population.

The characteristics and evolution of pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients as assessed by AI-assisted chest HRCT.

The characteristics and evolution of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not been adequately studied. AI-assisted chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was used to investigate the proportion of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis, the relationship between the degree of fibrosis and the clinical classification of COVID-19, the characteristics of and risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis, and the evolution of pulmonary fibrosis after discharge. The incidence of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with severe or critical COVID-19 was significantly higher than that in patients with moderate COVID-19. There were significant differences in the degree of pulmonary inflammation and the extent of the affected area among patients with mild, moderate and severe pulmonary fibrosis. The IL-6 level in the acute stage and albumin level were independent risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis. Ground-glass opacities, linear opacities, interlobular septal thickening, reticulation, honeycombing, bronchiectasis and the extent of the affected area were significantly improved 30, 60 and 90 days after discharge compared with at discharge. The more severe the clinical classification of COVID-19, the more severe the residual pulmonary fibrosis was; however, in most patients, pulmonary fibrosis was improved or even resolved within 90 days after discharge.

2-Chloro-N-(4-chloro-3-iodo-phen-yl)-4-(methyl-sulfon-yl)benzamide.

In the title compound, C(14)H(10)Cl(2)INO(3)S, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 52.13 (10)°. In the crystal, the components are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O(sulfon-yl) hydrogen bonds into centrosymmetric dimers.

Differentiation between pancreatic carcinoma and mass-forming chronic pancreatitis: usefulness of high b value diffusion-weighted imaging.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of high b value diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging in differentiating between pancreatic carcinoma and mass-forming chronic pancreatitis (MFCP). METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive patients with pathology-proven pancreatic carcinoma (n = 37) or MFCP (n = 14) were evaluated with DW imaging (b value, 0 and 1000 s/mm(2)) at a 3-T MR system. Overall 20 healthy volunteers were evaluated as the control group. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal pancreas, pancreatic carcinoma, MFCP, and mass-associated obstructive pancreatitis were measured. RESULTS: On high b value (1000 s/mm(2) ) DW images, both pancreatic carcinoma and MFCP were hyperintense focal lesions; mass-associated obstructive pancreatitis occurred in 17 of 37 (45.9%) pancreatic carcinoma and 8 of 14 (57.1%) MFCP. The ADC (×10(-3) mm(2) /s) of the pancreatic carcinomas (1.06 ± 0.15) was significantly lower than that of normal pancreas (1.47 ± 0.18; P < 0.01), MFCP (1.35 ± 0.14; P < 0.01) and mass-associated chronic pancreatitis (1.44 ± 0.17; P < 0.01). The ADC of MFCP was also lower than that in the normal pancreas (P = 0.025), whereas the ADC of mass-associated obstructive pancreatitis was not different from those of the MFCP (P = 0.113) and normal pancreas (P = 0.544). When 1.195 was used as the optimal cut-off value, ADC quantification obtained a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 86.5% for differentiating pancreatic carcinomas from MFCP. CONCLUSION: High b value DW imaging in combination with ADC quantification at a 3-T MR system is useful in differentiating between pancreatic carcinoma and MFCP.

Synthesis, antiproliferative activities and in vitro biological evaluation of novel benzofuransulfonamide derivatives.

In a cell-based screen of novel antiproliferative agents, the hit compound 1a, which bears a benzofuransulfonamide scaffold, exhibited broad-spectrum antiproliferative activities against a panel of tumor cell lines. The promising in vitro antiproliferative activity and structural novelty of 1a prompted us to investigate the synthesis of five analogs of 1a and test their antiproliferative activities. The most potent analogue, 1h, exhibited enhanced antiproliferative activities compared with the parent 1a, and exhibited an IC(50) value against NCI-H460 cells of 4.13 µM compared with 4.52 µM for the positive control cisplatin. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 1h induces significant levels of apoptosis in NCI-H460 cells in vitro at low micromolar concentrations. These results suggest that 1a and analogs based on its benzofuransulfonamide scaffold may constitute a novel class of antiproliferative agents, which deserve further study.