Luteimonas deserti sp. nov., a novel strain isolated from desert soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, named SJ-16T, was isolated from desert soil collected in Inner Mongolia, northern PR China. Strain SJ-16T grew at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 8.0-9.0), 4-40 °C (optimum, 30-35 °C) and in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-2 %). The strain was negative for catalase and positive for oxidase. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ-16T clustered with Luteimonas chenhongjianii 100111T and Luteimonas terrae THG-MD21T, and had 98.8, 98.6, 98.3 and <97.9 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strains L. chenhongjianii 100111T, L. terrae THG-MD21T, L. aestuarii B9T and all other type strains of the genus Luteimonas, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1 ω9c). Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids, and ubiquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of strain SJ-16T to L. chenhongjianii 100111T, L. terrae THG-MD21T, L. rhizosphaerae 4-12T and L. aestuarii B9T were 36.9, 37.5, 24.0 and 21.1 %, and 80.9, 80.6, 80.7 and 76.3 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic results, strain SJ-16T represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas deserti is proposed. The type strain is SJ-16T (=CGMCC 1.17694T=KCTC 82207T).

Lysobacter alkalisoli sp. nov., a chitin-degrading strain isolated from saline-alkaline soil.

Strains of Lysobacter, thought to play vital roles in the environment for their high enzyme production capacity, are ubiquitous in various ecosystems. During an analysis of bacterial diversity in saline soil, a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, chitin-degrading bacterial strain, designated SJ-36T, was isolated from saline-alkaline soil sampled at Tumd Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, PR China. Strain SJ-36T grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and 0-6 % NaCl (optimum, 1.0 %). Oxidase and catalase activities were positive. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenomic tree both showed that strain SJ-36T formed a tight clade with Lysobacter maris KMU-14T (sharing 97.6 % 16S rRNA gene similarity) and Lysobacter aestuarii S2-CT (97.8 %). The major polar lipids of strain SJ-36T were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified lipids and one unidentified phospholipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (37.5 %), summed feature 9 (14.0 %; iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl) and iso-C11 : 0 (10.6 %). Q-8 was the predominant ubiquinone. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 66.6 mol%. The average nucleotide identity values of strain SJ-36T to L. maris KMU-14T, L. aestuarii S2-CT and other type strains were 81.5, 79.1 and <79.0 %, respectively. The results of physiological, phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations allowed the discrimination of strain SJ-36T from its phylogenetic relatives. Lysobacter alkalisoli sp. nov. is therefore proposed with strain SJ-36T (=CGMCC 1.16756T=KCTC 43039T) as the type strain.

[Research on the ultraviolet reflectivity characteristic of simulative targets of oil spill on the ocean].

The authors set up an experiment instrument to measure the ultraviolet (UV) characteristic of oil spill simulation targets for the marine oil spill. After selecting appropriate conditions for experiments, the authors tested UV reflective spectrum of four simulation targets for oil spill (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, lubricating oil). The authors calculated the UV absolute spectrum reflectivity of all testing targets from the standard white board as reference, whose UV reflectivity was given. With processing and analyzing the data from experiments, the authors got the reflective characteristics of them in contrast to the reflectivity of water, which was measured in the same conditions. All targets were tested from 320 to 400 nm, and UV reflectivity wave-band between 360 and 380 nm was representative. Testing data were shown as follows: (1) The reflectivity of water was from 5.3% to 5.5%. (2) When the thickness of oil film was 400 microm, the reflectivity of gasoline was from 8.5% to 8.8%, 5.4%-5.8% for kerosene, 8.3%-8.4% for diesel fuel, and 9.4%-9.7% for lubricating oil in the same wave-band between 360 and 380 nm. Correspondingly, the indeterminacy of reflectivity was 0.32%, 0.45%, 0.25%, and 0.33% respectively. (3) Hence the thickness of oil film changed, the rule of the UV reflectivity varied depending on the sort of oil spill. The results show that there were some obvious reflectivity differences among oil films and water, which were mainly determined by the sort and thickness of oil film. This experiment method is also fit for the actual oil spill target, and it will fulfill some theory and experimental foundation for inspecting the marine oil spill by UV remote sensing in the future.