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1.
Molecules ; 29(13)2024 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38999044

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: FAP radiopharmaceuticals show promise for cancer diagnosis; however, their limited tumor residency hinders treatment. This study compared two FAPi derivatives, DOTA.SA.FAPi and DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, labeled with gallium-68 and lutetium-177, aiming to determine an optimum combination for creating theranostic pairs. METHODS: The radiotracers were studied for lipophilicity, binding to human serum proteins, and binding to human cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro, including saturation and internalization/externalization studies. PET/SPECT/CT and biodistribution studies were conducted in PC3 and U87MG xenografts for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2. [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2, were evaluated in PC3 xenografts. Biodistribution studies of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi were performed in healthy male and female mice. RESULTS: All radiotracers exhibited strong binding to FAP. Their internalization rate was fast while only [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 was retained longer in CAFs. [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 and [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 displayed elevated lipophilicity and affinity for human serum proteins compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi. In vivo studies revealed slower washout of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 within 3 h compared to [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi. The tumor-to-tissue ratios of [68Ga]Ga-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 versus [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi did not exhibit any significant differences. [177Lu]Lu-DOTAGA.(SA.FAPi)2 maintained a significant tumor uptake even after 96 h p.i. compared to [177Lu]Lu-DOTA.SA.FAPi. CONCLUSIONS: Dimeric compounds hold promise for therapy, while monomers are better suited for diagnostics. Finding the right combination is essential for effective disease management.


Assuntos
Endopeptidases , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Lutécio , Radioisótopos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Lutécio/química , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Distribuição Tecidual , Radioisótopos/química , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/química , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacologia , Radioisótopos de Gálio/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Gelatinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Gelatinases/metabolismo , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 1 Anel/química , Feminino , Masculino , Nanomedicina Teranóstica
2.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging ; 50(11): 3202-3213, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37284857

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The present study aims at evaluating the preclinical and the clinical performance of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi, which has the advantage to be labeled with gallium-68 at room temperature. METHODS: [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi was assessed in vitro on FAP-expressing stromal cells, followed by biodistribution and in vivo imaging on prostate and glioblastoma xenografts. Moreover, the clinical assessment of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi was conducted on six patients with prostate cancer, aiming on investigating, biodistribution, biokinetics, and determining tumor uptake. RESULTS: [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi is quantitatively prepared in an instant kit-type version at room temperature. It demonstrated high stability in human serum, affinity for FAP in the low nanomolar range, and high internalization rate when associated with CAFs. Biodistribution and PET studies in prostate and glioblastoma xenografts revealed high and specific tumor uptake. Elimination of the radiotracer mainly occurred through the urinary tract. The clinical data are in accordance with the preclinical data concerning the organ receiving the highest absorbed dose (urinary bladder wall, heart wall, spleen, and kidneys). Different to the small-animal data, uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi in tumor lesions is rapid and stable and tumor-to-organ and tumor-to-blood uptake ratios are high. CONCLUSION: The radiochemical, preclinical, and clinical data obtained in this study strongly support further development of [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi as a diagnostic tool for FAP imaging.


Assuntos
Glioblastoma , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Masculino , Animais , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Glioblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Distribuição Tecidual , Temperatura
3.
ACS Omega ; 7(34): 30376-30388, 2022 Aug 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36061667

RESUMO

Glucose- and sodium-dependent glucose transporters (GLUTs and SGLTs) play vital roles in human biology. Of the 14 GLUTs and 12 SGLTs, the GLUT1 transporter has gained the most widespread recognition because GLUT1 is overexpressed in several cancers and is a clinically valid therapeutic target. We have been pursuing a GLUT1-targeting approach in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Here, we report on surprising findings encountered with a set of 6-deoxy-6-thio-carboranyl d-glucoconjugates. In more detail, we show that even subtle structural changes in the carborane cluster, and the linker, may significantly reduce the delivery capacity of GLUT1-based boron carriers. In addition to providing new insights on the substrate specificity of this important transporter, we reach a fresh perspective on the boundaries within which a GLUT1-targeting approach in BNCT can be further refined.

4.
Bioconjug Chem ; 33(7): 1393-1404, 2022 07 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35709482

RESUMO

Radiolabeled peptides have emerged as highly specific agents for targeting receptors expressed in tumors for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Peptides developed for positron emission tomography (PET) are typically radiolabeled using prosthetic groups or bifunctional chelators for fast "kit-like" incorporation of the radionuclide into the structure. A novel [18F]alkylammoniomethyltrifluoroborate ([18F]AmBF3) tetrazine (Tz), [18F]AmBF3-Tz, was developed for the [18F]fluorination of trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-modified biomolecules using Tyr3-octreotides (TOCs) as model peptides. [18F]AmBF3-Tz (Am = 15.4 ± 9.2 GBq/µmol, n = 14) was evaluated in healthy mice by ex vivo biodistribution and PET/computed tomography (CT), where the radiolabel in the prosthetic group was found stable in vivo, indicated by the low bone uptake in tibia (0.4 ± 0.1% ID/g, t = 270 min). TCO-TOCs tailored with polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers were radiolabeled with [18F]AmBF3-Tz, forming two new tracers, [18F]AmBF3-PEG4-TOC (Am = 2.8 ± 1.8 GBq/µmol, n = 3) and [18F]AmBF3-PEG7-TOC (Am of 6.0 ± 3.4 GBq/µmol, n = 13), which were evaluated by cell uptake studies and ex vivo biodistribution in subcutaneous AR42J rat pancreatic carcinoma tumor-bearing nude mice. The tracer demonstrating superior behavior ex vivo, the [18F]AmBF3-PEG7-TOC, was further evaluated with PET/CT, where the tracer provided clear tumor visualization (SUVbaseline = 1.01 ± 0.07, vs SUVblocked = 0.76 ± 0.04) at 25 min post injection. The novel AmBF3-Tz demonstrated that it offers potential as a prosthetic group for rapid radiolabeling of biomolecules in mild conditions using bioorthogonal chemistry.


Assuntos
Compostos Heterocíclicos , Octreotida , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Radioisótopos de Flúor/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Polietilenoglicóis , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/química , Ratos , Distribuição Tecidual , Neoplasias Pancreáticas
5.
Bioconjug Chem ; 33(5): 956-968, 2022 05 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35442642

RESUMO

The recent advances in the production of engineered antibodies have facilitated the development and application of tailored, target-specific antibodies. Positron emission tomography (PET) of these antibody-based drug candidates can help to better understand their in vivo behavior. In this study, we report an in vivo proof-of-concept pretargeted immuno-PET study where we compare a pretargeting vs targeted approach using a new 89Zr-labeled tetrazine as a bio-orthogonal ligand in an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) in vivo click reaction. A CD44v6-selective chimeric monoclonal U36 was selected as the targeting antibody because it has potential in immuno-PET imaging of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Zirconium-89 (t1/2 = 78.41 h) was selected as the radionuclide of choice to be able to make a head-to-head comparison of the pretargeted and targeted approaches. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PEG5-Tz ([89Zr]Zr-3) was synthesized and used in pretargeted PET imaging of HNSCC xenografts (VU-SCC-OE) at 24 and 48 h after administration of a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized U36. The pretargeted approach resulted in lower absolute tumor uptake than the targeted approach (1.5 ± 0.2 vs 17.1 ± 3.0% ID/g at 72 h p.i. U36) but with comparable tumor-to-non-target tissue ratios and significantly lower absorbed doses. In conclusion, anti-CD44v6 monoclonal antibody U36 was successfully used for 89Zr-immuno-PET imaging of HNSCC xenograft tumors using both a targeted and pretargeted approach. The results not only support the utility of the pretargeted approach in immuno-PET imaging but also demonstrate the challenges in achieving optimal in vivo IEDDA reaction efficiencies in relation to antibody pharmacokinetics.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacocinética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Zircônio
6.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) ; 14(10)2021 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34681246

RESUMO

Over the past decade, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has become a new paradigm of cancer diagnosis and therapy due to its unique biological features, mainly the interconnection between cancer and stromal cells. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) demonstrate as one of the most critical stromal cells that regulate tumor cell growth, progression, immunosuppression, and metastasis. CAFs are identified by various biomarkers that are expressed on their surfaces, such as fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which could be utilized as a useful target for diagnostic imaging and treatment. One of the advantages of targeting FAP-expressing CAFs is the absence of FAP expression in quiescent fibroblasts, leading to a controlled targetability of diagnostic and therapeutic compounds to the malignant tumor stromal area using radiolabeled FAP-based ligands. FAP-based radiopharmaceuticals have been investigated strenuously for the visualization of malignancies and delivery of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals to the TME. This review provides an overview of the state of the art in TME compositions, particularly CAFs and FAP, and their roles in cancer biology. Moreover, relevant reports on radiolabeled FAP inhibitors until the year 2021 are highlighted-as well as the current limitations, challenges, and requirements for those radiolabeled FAP inhibitors in clinical translation.

7.
Mol Pharm ; 18(8): 3125-3131, 2021 08 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34296616

RESUMO

Halogenation can be utilized for the purposes of labeling and molecular imaging, providing a means to, e.g., follow drug distribution in an organism through positron emission tomography (PET) or study the molecular recognition events unfolding by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For cancer therapeutics, where often highly toxic substances are employed, it is of importance to be able to track the distribution of the drugs and their metabolites in order to ensure minimal side effects. Labeling should ideally have a negligible disruptive effect on the efficacy of a given drug. Using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and cytotoxicity assays, we identify a site susceptible to halogenation in monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF), a widely used cytotoxic agent in the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) family of cancer drugs, and study the effects of fluorination and chlorination on the physiological solution structure of the auristatins and their cytotoxicity. We find that the cytotoxicity of the parent drug is retained, while the conformational equilibrium is shifted significantly toward the biologically active trans isomer, simultaneously decreasing the concentration of the inactive and potentially disruptive cis isomer by up to 50%. Our results may serve as a base for the future assembly of a multifunctional toolkit for the assessment of linker technologies and exploring bystander effects from the warhead perspective in auristatin-derived ADCs.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Citotoxinas/química , Halogenação , Imunoconjugados/química , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Oligopeptídeos/química , Fenilalanina/química , Aminobenzoatos/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Isomerismo , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Camundongos , Conformação Molecular , Neoplasias/patologia
8.
Small ; 17(18): e2007705, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33738957

RESUMO

Metastatic melanoma can be difficult to detect until at the advanced state that decreases the survival rate of patients. Several FDA-approved BRAF inhibitors have been used for treatment of metastatic melanoma, but overall therapeutic efficacy has been limited. Lutetium-177 (177 Lu) enables simultaneous tracking of tracer accumulation with single-photon emission computed tomography and radiotherapy. Therefore, the codelivery of 177 Lu alongside chemotherapeutic agents using nanoparticles (NPs) might improve the therapeutic outcome in metastatic melanoma. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC NPs) can particularly deliver payloads to lung capillaries in vivo. Herein, 177 Lu-labeled CNC NPs loaded with vemurafenib ([177 Lu]Lu-CNC-V NPs) is developed and the therapeutic effect in BRAF V600E mutation-harboring YUMM1.G1 murine model of lung metastatic melanoma is investigated. The [177 Lu]Lu-CNC-V NPs demonstrate favorable radiolabel stability, drug release profile, cellular uptake, and cell growth inhibition in vitro. In vivo biodistribution reveals significant retention of the [177 Lu]Lu-CNC-V NPs in the lung, liver, and spleen. Ultimately, the median survival time of animals is doubly increased after treatment with [177 Lu]Lu-CNC-V NPs compared to control groups. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of [177 Lu]Lu-CNC-V NPs in the lung metastatic melanoma animal model provides convincing evidence for the potential of clinical translation for theranostic CNC NP-based drug delivery systems after intravenous administration.


Assuntos
Melanoma , Nanopartículas , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Celulose , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Medicina de Precisão , Distribuição Tecidual
9.
Adv Exp Med Biol ; 1295: 49-76, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33543455

RESUMO

In the recent years, progress in nanotechnology has significantly contributed to the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations to overcome the drawbacks of conventional treatments and improve the therapeutic outcome in many diseases, especially cancer. Nanoparticle vectors have demonstrated the potential to concomitantly deliver diagnostic and therapeutic payloads to diseased tissue. Due to their special physical and chemical properties, the characteristics and function of nanoparticles are tunable based on biological molecular targets and specific desired features (e.g., surface chemistry and diagnostic radioisotope labeling). Within the past decade, several theranostic nanoparticles have been developed as a multifunctional nanosystems which combine the diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities into a single drug delivery platform. Theranostic nanosystems can provide useful information on a real-time systemic distribution of the developed nanosystem and simultaneously transport the therapeutic payload. In general, the diagnostic functionality of theranostic nanoparticles can be achieved through labeling gamma-emitted radioactive isotopes on the surface of nanoparticles which facilitates noninvasive detection using nuclear molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), meanwhile, the therapeutic effect arises from the potent drug released from the nanoparticle. Moreover, some radioisotopes can concurrently emit both gamma radiation and high-energy particles (e.g., alpha, beta, and Auger electrons), prompting the use either alone for radiotheranostics or synergistically with chemotherapy. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of radiochemistry and relevant radiolabeling strategies for theranostic nanosystem development as well as the methods for the preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled nanoparticles. Furthermore, preclinical case studies of recently developed theranostic nanosystems will be highlighted.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Medicina de Precisão , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único
10.
Mol Pharm ; 18(1): 285-304, 2021 01 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33390018

RESUMO

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a noninvasive binary therapeutic modality applicable to the treatment of cancers. While BNCT offers a tumor-targeting selectivity that is difficult to match by other means, the last obstacles preventing the full harness of this potential come in the form of the suboptimal boron delivery strategies presently used in the clinics. To address these challenges, we have developed delivery agents that target the glucose transporter GLUT1. Here, we present the chemical synthesis of a number of ortho-carboranylmethyl-substituted glucoconjugates and the biological assessment of all positional isomers. Altogether, the study provides protocols for the synthesis and structural characterization of such glucoconjugates and insights into their essential properties, for example, cytotoxicity, GLUT1-affinity, metabolism, and boron delivery capacity. In addition to solidifying the biochemical foundations of a successful GLUT1-targeting approach to BNCT, we identify the most promising modification sites in d-glucose, which are critical in order to further develop this strategy toward clinical use.


Assuntos
Boro/administração & dosagem , Boro/química , Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1/metabolismo , Compostos de Boro/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Boro/química , Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro/métodos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos
11.
Mol Pharm ; 17(10): 3885-3899, 2020 10 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32787269

RESUMO

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for cancer is on the rise worldwide due to recent developments of in-hospital neutron accelerators which are expected to revolutionize patient treatments. There is an urgent need for improved boron delivery agents, and herein we have focused on studying the biochemical foundations upon which a successful GLUT1-targeting strategy to BNCT could be based. By combining synthesis and molecular modeling with affinity and cytotoxicity studies, we unravel the mechanisms behind the considerable potential of appropriately designed glucoconjugates as boron delivery agents for BNCT. In addition to addressing the biochemical premises of the approach in detail, we report on a hit glucoconjugate which displays good cytocompatibility, aqueous solubility, high transporter affinity, and, crucially, an exceptional boron delivery capacity in the in vitro assessment thereby pointing toward the significant potential embedded in this approach.


Assuntos
Terapia por Captura de Nêutron de Boro/métodos , Boro/administração & dosagem , Portadores de Fármacos/efeitos da radiação , Glucose/efeitos da radiação , Isótopos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Boro/farmacocinética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Portadores de Fármacos/síntese química , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacocinética , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos/efeitos da radiação , Glucose/análogos & derivados , Glucose/síntese química , Glucose/farmacocinética , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Isótopos/farmacocinética , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular
12.
J Biomed Mater Res A ; 108(3): 770-783, 2020 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31794149

RESUMO

Natural biopolymer nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) and lignin, have shown potential as scaffolds for targeted drug delivery systems due to their wide availability, cost-efficient preparation, and anticipated biocompatibility. As both CNC and lignin can potentially cause complications in cell viability assays because of their ability to scatter the emitted light and absorb the assay reagents, we investigated the response of bioluminescent (CellTiter-Glo®), colorimetric (MTT® and AlamarBlue®), and fluorometric (LIVE/DEAD®) assays for the determination of the biocompatibility of the multimodal CNC and lignin constructs in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and 4T1 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Here, we have developed multimodal CNC and lignin NPs harboring the radiometal chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid and the fluorescent dye cyanine 5 for the investigation of nanomaterial biodistribution in vivo with nuclear and optical imaging, which were then used as the model CNC and lignin nanosystems in the cell viability assay comparison. CellTiter-Glo® based on the detection of ATP-dependent luminescence in viable cells revealed to be the best assay for both nanoconstructs for its robust linear response to increasing NP concentration and lack of interference from either of the NP types. Both multimodal CNC and lignin NPs displayed low cytotoxicity and favorable interactions with the cell lines, suggesting that they are good candidates for nanosystem development for targeted drug delivery in breast cancer and for theranostic applications. Our results provide useful guidance for cell viability assay compatibility for CNC and lignin NPs and facilitate the future translation of the materials for in vivo applications.


Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis/metabolismo , Celulose/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/metabolismo , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacocinética , Materiais Biocompatíveis/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Celulose/farmacocinética , Celulose/toxicidade , Humanos , Lignina/farmacocinética , Lignina/toxicidade , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/análise , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Células RAW 264.7 , Distribuição Tecidual
13.
Pharmaceutics ; 11(12)2019 Dec 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31861119

RESUMO

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been successfully used for improving circulation time of several nanomaterials but prolonging the circulation of porous silicon nanoparticles (PSi NPs) has remained challenging. Here, we report a site specific radiolabeling of dual-PEGylated thermally oxidized porous silicon (DPEG-TOPSi) NPs and investigation of influence of the PEGylation on blood circulation time of TOPSi NPs. Trans-cyclooctene conjugated DPEG-TOPSi NPs were radiolabeled through a click reaction with [111In]In-DOTA-PEG4-tetrazine (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) and the particle behavior was evaluated in vivo in Balb/c mice bearing 4T1 murine breast cancer allografts. The dual-PEGylation significantly prolonged circulation of [111In]In-DPEG-TOPSi particles when compared to non-PEGylated control particles, yielding 10.8 ± 1.7% of the injected activity/g in blood at 15 min for [111In]In-DPEG-TOPSi NPs. The improved circulation time will be beneficial for the accumulation of targeted DPEG-TOPSi to tumors.

14.
Biomacromolecules ; 20(2): 674-683, 2019 02 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30380842

RESUMO

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have remarkable potential to improve the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to tumors; however, the in vivo studies on CNC biodistribution are still limited. We developed CNC-based imaging probes for the in vitro and in vivo evaluation using two labeling strategies: site-specific hydrazone linkage to the terminal aldehyde of the CNC and nonsite-specific activation using 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). The in vivo behavior of unmodified CNC, DOTA-CNC (ald.), and DOTA-CNC (OH) was investigated in healthy and 4T1 breast cancer mouse models. They displayed good biocompatibility in cell models. Moreover, the biodistribution profile and SPECT/CT imaging confirmed that the accumulation of 111In-labeled DOTA-CNC (ald.) and 111In-DOTA-CNC (OH) was primarily in hepatic, splenic, and pulmonary ducts in accordance with the clearance of nontargeted nanoparticles. The developed CNC imaging probes can be used to obtain information with noninvasive imaging on the behavior in vivo to guide structural optimization for targeted delivery.


Assuntos
Celulose/análogos & derivados , Nanopartículas/química , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/síntese química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 1 Anel/química , Imidazóis/química , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/diagnóstico por imagem , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Células RAW 264.7 , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Distribuição Tecidual
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