A Case Report of Systemic Allergic Reaction to the Dual Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide.

This report examines a case of systemic hypersensitivity to tirzepatide in a patient with type 2 diabetes. Tirzepatide (Mounjaro®), a dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, has recently gained FDA approval. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to summarize recent research on tirzepatide's effectiveness and safety. A 67-year-old woman, previously treated with basal insulin, metformin, and semaglutide (a GLP-1 agonist), experienced severe disseminated pruritus and a generalized urticarial rash after her first dose of tirzepatide. This reaction, which subsided with antihistamines, raises questions about possible immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity. The report highlights the need for increased vigilance regarding allergic reactions to new diabetes medications, particularly in the context of GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Lack of association of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Our meta-analysis aims to explore the association of two single nucleotide variants; rs9939609 and rs8050136, within the FTO gene with risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Methods: The association of two single nucleotide variants with PTB in three genetic models was evaluated using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results: No significant association was observed between the rs9939609 polymorphism and PTB when assuming an allelic model (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.85-1.41; P=0.47; I2 = 64.98%), a recessive model (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 0.87-4.77; P=0.10; I2 = 67.18%), or a dominant model (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83-1.11; P=0.56; I2 = 27.45%). Likewise, no association was observed between rs8050136 polymorphism and PTB when assuming allelic model (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.87-1.58; P=0.31; I2 = 64.20%) or recessive model (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.32-3.38; P=0.95; I2 = 68.82%) or dominant model (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.87-1.71; P=0.26; I2 = 58.69%). Conclusion: There might be no association between the rs9939609 and rs8050136 variants in the FTO gene, and the risk of PTB.

Low Genetic Polymorphism in the Immunogenic Sequences of Rhipicephalus microplus Clade C.

Rhipicephalus microplus tick highly affects the veterinary sector throughout the world. Different tick control methods have been adopted, and the identification of tick-derived highly immunogenic sequences for the development of an anti-tick vaccine has emerged as a successful alternate. This study aimed to characterize immunogenic sequences from R. microplus ticks prevalent in Pakistan. Ticks collected in the field were morphologically identified and subjected to DNA and RNA extraction. Ticks were molecularly identified based on the partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit (cox) sequence and screened for piroplasms (Theileria/Babesia spp.), Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma spp. PCR-based pathogens-free R. microplus-derived cDNA was used for the amplification of full-length cysteine protease inhibitor (cystatin 2b), cathepsin L-like cysteine proteinase (cathepsin-L), glutathione S-transferase (GST), ferritin 1, 60S acidic ribosomal protein (P0), aquaporin 2, ATAQ, and R. microplus 05 antigen (Rm05Uy) coding sequences. The cox sequence revealed 100% identity with the nucleotide sequences of Pakistan's formerly reported R. microplus, and full-length immunogenic sequences revealed maximum identities to the most similar sequences reported from India, China, Cuba, USA, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, Israel, and Uruguay. Low nonsynonymous polymorphisms were observed in ATAQ (1.5%), cathepsin-L (0.6%), and aquaporin 2 (0.4%) sequences compared to the homologous sequences from Mexico, India, and the USA, respectively. Based on the cox sequence, R. microplus was phylogenetically assembled in clade C, which includes R. microplus from Pakistan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and India. In the phylogenetic trees, the cystatin 2b, cathepsin-L, ferritin 1, and aquaporin 2 sequences were clustered with the most similar available sequences of R. microplus, P0 with R. microplus, R. sanguineus and R. haemaphysaloides, and GST, ATAQ, and Rm05Uy with R. microplus and R. annulatus. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of clade C R. microplus-derived immunogenic sequences.