A new extracellular glutaminase and urease-free L-asparaginase from Meyerozyma guilliermondii.

L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug employed to treat leukemia and lymphoma. Currently, L-ASNases for therapeutic use are obtained from Escherichia coli and Dickeya chrysanthemi (Erwinia chrysanthemi). Despite their therapeutic potential, enzymes from bacteria are subject to inducing immune responses, resulting in a higher number of side effects. Eukaryote producers, such as fungi, may provide therapeutic alternatives through enzymes that induce relatively less toxicity and immune responses. Additional expected benefits from yeast-derived enzymes include higher activity and stability in physiological conditions. This work describes the new potential therapeutic candidate L-ASNase from the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii. A statistical approach (full factorial central composite design) was used to optimize L-ASNase production, considering L-asparagine and glucose concentration, pH of the medium, and cultivation time as independent factors. In addition, the crude enzymes were biochemically characterized, in terms of temperature and optimal pH, thermostability, pH stability, and associated glutaminase or urease activities. Our results showed that enzyme production increased after supplementing a pH 4.0 medium with 1.0% L-asparagine and 0.5% glucose during 75 h of cultivation. Under these optimized conditions, L-ASNase production reached 26.01 U mL-1, which is suitable for scale-up studies. The produced L-ASNase exhibits maximal activity at 37 °C and pH 7.0 and is highly stable under physiological conditions. In addition, M. guilliermondii L-ASNase has no associated glutaminase or urease activities, demonstrating its potential as a promising antineoplastic agent.

Production of xylanases by an Aspergillus niger strain in wastes grain / Produção de xilanases por uma linhagem de Aspergillus niger em resíduos de grãos

Many fungi are used in order to extract products from their metabolism through bioprocesses capable of minimizing adverse effects caused by agro- industrial wastes in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the xylanase production by an Aspergillus niger strain, using agro-industrial wastes as substrate. Brewer's spent grain was the best inducer of xylanase activity. Higher levels of xylanase were obtained when the fungus was grown in liquid Vogel medium, pH 5.0, at 30ºC, during 5 days. The temperature for optimum activity was 50ºC and optimum pH 5.0. The enzyme was stable at 50ºC, with a half-life of 240 min. High pH stability was verified from pH 4.5 to 7.0. These characteristics exhibited by A. niger xylanase turn this enzyme attractive for some industrial applications, such as in feed and food industries. Additionally, the use of brewer's spent grain, an abundantly available and low-cost residue, as substrate for xylanase production can not only add value and decrease the amount of this waste, but also reduce xylanase production cost.

Muitos fungos são utilizados com a finalidade de extrair produtos de seu metabolismo, por meio de bioprocessos capazes de minimizar efeitos nocivos que resíduos agroindustriais causam ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de xilanases por uma linhagem de Aspergillus niger, empregando resíduos agroindustriais como substrato. O bagaço de malte foi o melhor resíduo indutor da atividade xilanásica. Maiores níveis de xilanases foram obtidos quando o fungo foi cultivado em meio líquido de Vogel, pH 5,0, a 30ºC, durante cinco dias. A temperatura ótima estabelecida para a atividade xilanásica foi a de 50ºC e o pH ótimo 5,0. A enzima foi estável a 50ºC, apresentando uma meia vida de 240 min. Elevada estabilidade enzimática foi verificada entre os pH 4,5 e 7,0. As características bioquímicas exibidas pela xilanase produzida por A. niger tornam esta enzima atraente para determinadas aplicações industriais, como as indústrias de ração animal e alimentícia. Adicionalmente, a utilização do bagaço de malte, um resíduo disponível em abundância e de baixo custo como substrato para a produção de xilanases poderá não somente adicionar valor a este resíduo, como também reduzir os custos de produção destas enzimas.