RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim is to assess the outcome of patients treated for vaginal carcinoma with radiation therapy in terms of long-term tolerance and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina treated with pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without vaginal brachytherapy (VB) between 1990 and 2013. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included with stage I (24%), II (60%), III (8%), or IV (8%) vaginal tumors. Median age was 66 years (range 27-86 years). Median tumor size was 4 cm (range 0.7-12 cm). Seven patients underwent first intention surgery. The 37 patients received pelvic EBRT (45 Gy) with inguinal irradiation in 57% of cases. Fifteen (41%) received concurrent chemotherapy. Low-dose supplemental VB was performed in 31 patients (84%) (median dose: 20 Gy). Median follow-up was 59 months (range 7-322 months). Four patients (11%) had late grade 3-4 complications. Relapse occurred in 11 patients (30%), five of them locally. The 5-year relapse-free and cancer-specific survival rates were 68% and 76%, respectively. Surgery and concurrent chemotherapy did not seem to have an impact on the course of the disease. CONCLUSION: In our experience, pelvic EBRT leads to prolonged survival with acceptable long-term toxicity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Vaginais/radioterapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Braquiterapia/métodos , Braquiterapia/estatística & dados numéricos , Institutos de Câncer , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga Tumoral , Neoplasias Vaginais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Vaginais/patologiaRESUMO
This paper records the occurrence and levels of ochratoxin A (OTA) in rice using a HPLC technique preceded by an immunoaffinity clean-up step. The method was based on the extraction of finely ground rice sample with an acetonitrile/water (60 : 40, v/v) solution. Recovery was 98.9% while the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 ng g⻹. A total of 182 rice samples were analyzed with a frequency of contamination of 6%. Levels of OTA in positive samples ranged 0.2-4.8 ng g⻹, with an average contamination of all analyzed samples of 1.6 ng g⻹.