RESUMO
Saikosaponin D (SSD), derived from Bupleurum falcatum L., has various pharmacological properties, including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Several studies have investigated the anti-tumor effects of SSD on cancer in multiple organs. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the suppressive effects of SSD on CRC cell survival and metastasis. SSD reduced the survival and colony formation ability of CRC cells. SSD-induced autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells were measured using flow cytometry. SSD treatment increased LC3B and p62 autophagic factor levels in CRC cells. Moreover, SSD-induced apoptosis occurred through the cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP, along with the downregulation of the Bcl-2 family. In the in vivo experiment, a reduction in the number of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs was observed after the oral administration of SSD. Based on these results, SSD inhibits the metastasis of CRC cells to the lungs by inducing autophagy and apoptosis. In conclusion, SSD suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, suggesting its potential as a novel substance for the metastatic CRC treatment.
Assuntos
Apoptose , Autofagia , Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Ácido Oleanólico , Saponinas , Saponinas/farmacologia , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos NusRESUMO
RATIONALE: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital anomaly of midline neck masses. A thyroglossal duct cyst is especially difficult to diagnose and is treated differently when it appears in the sublingual area. Here, we report a rare case of TGDC extending to the sublingual space. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 42-year-old female presented with a history of neck swelling in the submental region. DIAGNOSIS: The final pathologic diagnosis was a TGDC. INTERVENTIONS: Sistrunk operation was performed. OUTCOMES: Recurrence of the disease has not been seen for the past year. LESSION: Clinical awareness of the thyroglossal duct cyst in the sublingual area or on the oral floor area is important for an accurate diagnosis and the appropriated management.