Subretinal Fibrosis Developing 10 Years After First Presentation with Chronic Ocular Sarcoidosis in a Child.

PURPOSE: To provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic journey of a pediatric patient with persistent sarcoid-associated panuveitis over a 10-year period, who ultimately developed bilateral macular subretinal fibrosis and visual loss. METHODS: Retrospective case report. RESULTS: The patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis after undergoing a transbronchial biopsy. She was followed up because of granulomatous panuveitis, multifocal choroiditis, and papillitis bilaterally. She maintained a stable condition, and visual acuity was 0.3 RE and 0.5 LE. Immunomodulatory therapy included prednisone, methotrexate, and adalimumab. The patient was lost to follow-up for 20 months because of the COVID-19 pandemic. She was represented with active uveitis and was not responding to TNF-ɑ inhibitors (adalimumab and infliximab). Ultimately, the patient's intraocular inflammation was successfully controlled by using intravitreal steroids (Triamcinolone and Fluocinolone acetonide implant). However, the visual outcome was guarded because of bilateral subretinal fibrosis. CONCLUSION: 10% of patients with sarcoidosis-associated uveitis risk blindness in one eye. The index case progressed to sight-robbing bilateral subretinal fibrosis, a rare complication of ocular sarcoidosis despite a combination of conventional and biologic anti-inflammatory therapies. There is a pressing need to develop new treatment agents for refractory non-infectious uveitis.

A 12-month prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of using the treat-and-extend regimen with intravitreal aflibercept as a Second-Line Treatment for Diabetic Macular Oedema (the TADI Study).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept as a second-line therapy in eyes with persistent diabetic macular oedema (DMO) despite receiving initial bevacizumab treatment. METHODS: A prospective multicentre study was conducted in nine academic clinics in Israel. Starting from the first follow-up visit, a treat-and-extend regimen was applied in which the treatment intervals were extended by 2 weeks based on macular thickness using SD-OCT. The primary outcome was central subfield thickness (CST) at week 52. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (n = 48 eyes) were recruited to the study, and 43 eyes completed 52 weeks of follow-up. Patients received a mean (±SD) of 7.9 ± 3.5 bevacizumab injections before enrolment. The mean (±SD) CST under aflibercept therapy decreased from 468 ± 131 µm at baseline to 303 ± 67 µm at 52 weeks (p = 0.002), and best corrected visual acuity improved from 64 ± 15 ETDRS letters at baseline to 75 ± 8 letters at week 52 (p = 0.001). Twenty (46%) eyes met the treat-and-extend criteria and received a mean (±SD) of 10.9 ± 2 aflibercept injections. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with persistent DMO following initial bevacizumab therapy had a marked reduction in macular thickness and improved visual acuity following 1 year of treatment with intravitreal aflibercept. Less than half of the patients met eligibility criteria for extension of the treatment interval; for these patients, the treat-and-extend regimen resulted in a maximum treatment interval of 10 weeks during the first year.