Pelagibacterium flavum sp. nov., Isolated from Soil Sample.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow, moist and circular, aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated YIM 151497T, was isolated from soil sample collected from Blue-Bridge, Weizhou Island, Guangxi province, China. Classification using a polyphasic approach suggested that strain YIM 151497T belonged to the genus Pelagibacterium, and was closely relevant to Pelagibacterium nitratireducens JLT2005T (98.8%), Pelagibacterium halotolerans CGMCC 1.7692T (98.7%), Pelagibacterium lixinzhangensis H64T (98.1%), and Pelagibacterium luteolum CGMCC 1.10267T (97.1%). The growth ranges of temperature, pH, and NaCl were 4-40 â„ƒ, pH 4.0-10.0, and 0-7% NaCl, respectively. It was positive for catalase and oxidase. The primary respiratory quinone was Q-10. The elemental fatty acids were Summed Feature 8 (constituting C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C16:0, and C18:1ω7c 11-methyl. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and three unidentified glycolipids. The DNA G+C content based on the complete genome sequence was 60.7 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) between strain YIM 151497T and species of Pelagibacterium were in the ranges of 73.9-86.3% and 19.7-31.3%, respectively. The Average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) between strain YIM 151497T and species of Pelagibacterium were in the ranges of 68.8-88.8%. On the basis of these data, strain YIM 151497T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pelagibacterium with the name of Pelagibacterium flavum sp. nov. Type strain is strain YIM 151497T (= KCTC 49826T = CGMCC 1.61521T = MCCC 1K08053T).

Acinetobacter faecalis Sp. Nov., Isolated from Elephant Faeces.

A Gram-negative coccobacillus, YIM 103518T, isolated from wild elephant feces in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, West China, was characterized and identified using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain was strictly aerobic, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, colonies were round, convex, smooth, and pale yellow. The strain growth at 4-40 ℃ (optimum, 28 ℃), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-4% NaCl (optimum, 0%) in culture medium YIM 38. The major fatty acids of strain YIM 103518T were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), C16:0, and C18:1 ω9c. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phospholipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed moderate level of similarity with Acinetobacter portensis AC 877T (98.7%), Acinetobacter sichuanensis CCTCC AB 2018118T (97.1%), and Acinetobacter cumulans CCTCC AB 2018119T (97.1%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.5 mol%. Strain YIM 103518T showed an average nucleotide identity value of 86.6%, 77.3% and 78.5%, a digital DNA-DNA hybridizations value of 31.2%, 21.9% and 23.0% with the type strain of A. portensis, A. sichuanensis and A. cumulans based on draft genome sequences, respectively. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, showed that strain YIM 103518T represents a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 103518T (=CCTCC AB 2019201T = NBRC 114057T).

Nakamurella leprariae sp. nov., isolated from a lichen sample.

A novel actinobacterium, YIM 132084T, was isolated from Lepraria sp. lichen collected from Yunnan province, south-west PR China and identified by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, non-motile and coccus-shaped. Colonies were round, convex, smooth and light orange yellow in color. It grew at 10-40 °C (optimum 28 °C), at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-4% NaCl (optimum 0%). Strain YIM 132084T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids, MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, and anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 as major fatty acids. Strain YIM 132084T had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and mannose, ribose, glucose and rhamnose as whole-cell sugars. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed high level of similarity with Nakamurella flavida KCTC 19127T (97.7%) and Nakamurella flava CGMCC 4.7524T (97.7%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 72.4 mol%. Based on draft genome sequences, strain YIM 132084T showed an average nucleotide identity value of 76.1% and 74.9%, a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 20.9% and 20.6% with the reference strains Nakamurella flavida and Nakamurella flava, respectively. The results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that strain YIM 132084T represents a novel species of the genus Nakamurella, for which the name Nakamurella leprariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 132084T (= CGMCC 4.7667T = NBRC 114280T = KCTC 49367T).

Faecalibacter rhinopitheci sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the faeces of Rhinopithecus bieti.

A novel Gram-stain-negative strain, WQ 117T, isolated from the faeces of Rhinopithecus bieti collected at Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkey National Park, Yunnan province, PR China, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolate represented a member of the genus Faecalibacter, sharing 97.64 % sequence similarity with the type strain Faecalibacter macacae YIM 102668T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of WQ117T was 30.5 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The major cellular fatty acids was iso-C15 : 0. The whole genome average nucleotide identity (gANI) values and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between WQ 117T and YIM 102668T were 79.66 % and 22.20 %, respectively. Growth occurred at 0-50 °C (optimally at 28-35 °C), pH 7.0-9.0 (optimally at pH 8.0) and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally without NaCl). On the basis of the taxonomic evidence, a novel species, Faecalibacter rhinopitheci sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is WQ 117T (=KCTC 82394T=CCTCC AA 2020027T).

Paracoccus lichenicola sp. nov., Isolated from Lichen.

Strain YIM 132242T, isolated from lichen collected from Pu'er, Yunnan Province, China, was short-rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive. Growth of the strain was occurred at 10-39 °C (optimum, 28-35 °C), at pH 4.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and at salinities of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-2%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM 132242T belonged to the genus Paracoccus and had the highest levels of sequence similarity to Paracoccus aerius KCTC 42845T (97.0% similarity), Paracoccus sediminis CMB17T (96.8% similarity), and Paracoccus fontiphilus MVW-1T (96.4% similarity). The major fatty acid was identified as C18:1 ω7c (77.6%). The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). Polar lipid analysis indicated the presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), an unidentified lipid (L), and three unidentified phospholipids (PL1-PL3). Based on the draft genome sequence, the DNA G + C content of the strain was 67.1 mol%, and the values of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) of strain YIM 132242T with Paracoccus aerius KCTC 42845T were 85.4% and 29.1%, respectively. On the basis of the data from this polyphasic characterization, strain YIM 132242T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus lichenicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 132242T (= KCTC 72463T = CGMCC1.17191T).

Class IV Lasso Peptides Synergistically Induce Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Sensitize Them to Doxorubicin.

Heterologous expression of a biosynthesis gene cluster from Amycolatopsis sp. resulted in the discovery of two unique class IV lasso peptides, felipeptins A1 and A2. A mixture of felipeptins stimulated proliferation of cancer cells, while having no such effect on the normal cells. Detailed investigation revealed, that pre-treatment of cancer cells with a mixture of felipeptins resulted in downregulation of the tumor suppressor Rb, making the cancer cells to proliferate faster. Pre-treatment with felipeptins made cancer cells considerably more sensitive to the anticancer agent doxorubicin and re-sensitized doxorubicin-resistant cells to this drug. Structural characterization and binding experiments showed an interaction between felipeptins resulting in complex formation, which explains their synergistic effect. This discovery may open an alternative avenue in cancer treatment, helping to eliminate quiescent cells that often lead to cancer relapse.

Nocardioides flavescens sp. nov., isolated from soil of Gaoligong Mountain, PR China.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, aerobic, rod-shaped, golden yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 123512T, was isolated from soil sampled at Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Province, PR China. The strain grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), with 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1.0 %) and at pH 5.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were identified as iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 1 ω8c. Strain YIM 123512T had ll-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid. The major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YIM 123512T was 72.7 mol% based on its draft genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YIM 123512T appeared to be most closely related to Nocardioides halotolerans KCTC 19274T (97.7 % sequence similarity) and to belong to the genus Nocardioides. The sequence similarity values of strain YIM 123512T to other currently described type strains of the genus Nocardioides were less than 97.0 %. Based on the draft genome sequence, the novel strain showed an average nucleotide identity value of 80.2 % and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 23.1 % with the reference strain N. halotolerans KCTC 19274T. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses show that strain YIM 123512T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides flavescens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 123512T (=KCTC 49303T=CGMCC 4.7628T).

Aureimonas leprariae sp. nov., Isolated from a Lepraria sp. Lichen.

A Gram-negative, motile, aerobic and coccoid rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain YIM132180T, was isolated from a Lepraria sp. lichen collected from Pu'er, Yunnan Province, China. The strain grew at 15-35 °C (optimum, 25-28 °C), at 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1%) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain YIM132180T had highest similarity (96.4%) with Aureimonas endophytica 2T4P-2-4T, followed by Aureimonas ureilytica NBRC 106430T (95.7%) and Aureimonas rubiginis CC-CFT034T (95.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain grouped with species of the genus Aureimonas. The genomic sequence was 4,779,519 bp and contained 4584 coding sequences (CDSs), 54 RNA genes, 3 complete rRNA genes and 47 tRNA genes. The major fatty acids (>10%) of strain YIM132180T were C18:1ω7c, C-16:0 and C19:0 cyclo ω8c. The predominant menaquinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipid, amino lipid, lipid and most importantly sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). Based on the draft genome sequence, the G +C content of strain YIM132180T was 68.4 mol%. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study, including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic analyses, showed that strain YIM132180T represents a novel species of the genus Aureimonas, for which the name Aureimonas leprariae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 132180T (=KCTC 72462T = CGMCC 1.17389T).

Ottowia flava sp. nov., isolated from fish intestines.

A novel Gram-negative bacterium, non-motile and short rod-shaped, designated strain GY511T, was isolated from the intestines of fish collected from Maowei Sea, China. Growth occurred at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0), 4-37 °C (optimum 28 °C) and at 0-2.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1.0%). The result of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain GY511T is closely related to O. oryzae NBRC 113109T (97.6%), O. konkukae DSM 105395T (97.4%), Ottowia beijingensis CGMCC 1.12324T (95.9%), Ottowia pentelensis DSM 21699T (95.2%) and Ottowia thiooxydans DSM 14619T (95.0%). The DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain GY511T with O. oryzae NBRC 113109T and O. konkukae DSM 105395T were 35.4 ± 3.1% and 26.3 ± 1.8%, respectively. The major fatty acids (> 10%) were identified as summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c) and the major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.9 mol%. Thiosulfate could be utilized as co-substrate for aerobic growth and was oxidised to sulfate. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular data, strain GY511T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ottowia, for which the name Ottowia flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY511T (= NBRC 113500T = DSM 107425T = CGMCC 1.13650T).

Falsibacillus albus sp. nov., isolated from mangrove soil.

A novel Gram-stain-positive, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming bacterium, designated GY 10110T, was isolated from mangrove soil collected from Qinzhou, Guangxi province, China. Cells were aerobic, motile with peritrichous flagella and rod-shaped. The strain grew at 15-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at 0-3 %(w/v) NaCl (1 %) and at pH 6.0-9.0 (pH 7.0). The major fatty acids of strain GY 10110T were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids and three unidentified phospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GY 10110T was closely related to Falsibacillus pallidus CCTCC AB 207188T (98.0 % sequence similarity) and Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T (96.9 %), respectively. The G+C content of strain GY 10110T based on the whole genome sequence was 42.3 mol%. The novel strain showed an average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 77.8 % and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 15.6 % with Falsibacillus pallidus CCTCC AB 207188T based on draft genome sequences, followed by Bacillus oceanisediminis CGMCC 1.10115T with ANI and dDDH values of 75.2 and 12.8 %, respectively. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic study, including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, showed that strain GY 10110T represents a novel species of the genus Falsibacillus, for which the name Falsibacillus albus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GY 10110T (=CGMCC 1.13648T=NBRC 113502T).

Kineococcus terrestris sp. nov. and Kineococcus aureolus sp. nov., isolated from saline sediment.

Two novel actinobacteria, designated YIM 121936T and YIM 121940T, were isolated from alkaline sediment in Yuanjiang, China. The cells of the novel strains were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming and coccus-shaped. The two strains both contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The whole-cell sugars were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and ribose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H2). The polar lipid profile of both strains comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and five unknown phospholipids. The predominant fatty acids of both strains were anteiso-C15 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 121936T and YIM 121940T were 74.7 and 75.2 %, respectively. Strain YIM 121936T was closely related to Kineococcus aurantiacus IFO 15268T (97.19 %), Kineococcus gypseus YIM 121300T (97.00 %) and Kineococcus mangrovi NBRC 110933T (97.00 %). Strain YIM 121940T was closely related to K. aurantiacus IFO 15268T (97.41 %), Kineococcus endophytica KLBMP 1274T (97.18 %), Kineococcus rhizosphaerae RP-B16T (97.09 %), Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS 30216T (97.09 %), K. gypseus YIM 121300T (97.00 %) and K. mangrovi NBRC 110933T (97.00 %). Strain YIM 121936T shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99 %) with YIM 121940T. Similarities of two strains with other species of the genus Kineococcus were <97 %. The DNA-DNA hybridization values were below 70 % among all the strains studied. YIM 121936T and YIM 121940T are representatives of two new species in the genus Kineococcus, for which names Kineococcus terreus sp. nov. (type strain YIM 121936T=KCTC 39738T=DSM 102155T) and Kineococcus aureolus sp. nov. (type strain YIM 121940T=KCTC 39739T=DSM 102158T) are proposed, respectively.

Actinopolysporins A-C and tubercidin as a Pdcd4 stabilizer from the halophilic actinomycete Actinopolyspora erythraea YIM 90600.

Our current natural product program utilizes new actinomycetes originating from unexplored and underexplored ecological niches, employing cytotoxicity against a selected panel of cancer cell lines as the preliminary screen to identify hit strains for natural product dereplication, followed by mechanism-based assays of the purified natural products to discover potential anticancer drug leads. Three new linear polyketides, actinopolysporins A (1), B (2), and C (3), along with the known antineoplastic antibiotic tubercidin (4), were isolated from the halophilic actinomycete Actinopolyspora erythraea YIM 90600, and the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. All four compounds were assayed for their ability to stabilize the tumor suppressor programmed cell death protein 4 (Pdcd4), which is known to antagonize critical events in oncogenic pathways. Only 4 significantly inhibited proteasomal degradation of a model Pdcd4-luciferase fusion protein, with an IC50 of 0.88±0.09 µM, unveiling a novel biological activity for this well-studied natural product.

Sinosporangium album gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the suborder Streptosporangineae.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium, designated strain 6014(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Qinghai province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate formed elementary branching hyphae and abundant aerial mycelia with globose sporangia on ISP 4 and R2A media. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain 6014(T) contained arabinose, galactose and ribose as diagnostic sugars and meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids, two unknown phospholipids and an unknown glycolipid. The menaquinone system contained MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H4). The major fatty acids were C14:0, i-C15:0, C16:0 and 10-methyl-C16:1. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 69.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 6014(T) fell within the radius of the suborder Streptosporangineae, in which the strain formed a distinct lineage next to genera of the family Streptosporangiaceae. Based on data from this polyphasic study, strain 6014(T) can be readily distinguished from previously described organisms and represents a member of a novel species within a new genus in the suborder Streptosporangineae. The name Sinosporangium album gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with 6014(T) (=DSM 45181(T) =KCTC 19655(T)) as the type strain.

Planosporangium mesophilum sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata.

A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile actinomycete, designated strain YIM 48875(T), was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Bletilla striata and its taxonomic position was established by using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data showed that strain YIM 48875(T) belonged to the genus Planosporangium, supported by a bootstrap value of 100 %. Cells of strain YIM 48875(T) showed two kinds of sporangia, which also supported its classification in the genus Planosporangium. Strain YIM 48875(T) grew optimally at 28 °C, at pH 6.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain YIM 48875(T) and Planosporangium flavigriseum YIM 46034(T) was 98.6 %. Strain YIM 48875(T) exhibited a quinone system with menaquinones MK-9(H(4)), MK-9(H(6)) and MK-9(H(8)) as the predominant compounds, a polar lipid profile comprising diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol mannoside and the major fatty acids iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0); these data were markedly different from those for P. flavigriseum YIM 46034(T). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM 48875(T) and P. flavigriseum YIM 46034(T) was 45.5 %. It is apparent from the genotypic and phenotypic data that strain YIM 48875(T) represents a novel species of the genus Planosporangium, for which the name Planosporangium mesophilum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 48875(T) ( = CCTCC AA 209049(T)  = KCTC 19779(T)).

Discovery and total synthesis of a new estrogen receptor heterodimerizing actinopolymorphol A from Actinopolymorpha rutilus.

Estrogen receptor ERalpha and ERbeta heterodimerization has been implicated in cancer chemoprevention. The discovery, structural elucidation, and total synthesis of a new natural product, actinopolymorphol A (1), from Actinopolymorpha rutilus (YIM45725) that preferentially induces ERalpha/beta heterodimerization is reported. Total synthesis of 1 has allowed us to determine its absolute stereochemistry and that of a previously known deacetylated congener, and 1 represents the first member of a new class of natural products not previously recognized to modulate ER function.

Rubellimicrobium roseum sp. nov., a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the forest soil sample.

A novel pink-coloured, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium, designated YIM 48858(T), is described by using a polyphasic approach. The strain can grow at pH 6.5-9 (optimum at pH 7) and 25-30 degrees C (optimum at 28 degrees C). NaCl is not required for its growth. Positive for oxidase and catalase. Urease activity, nitrate reduction, starch and Tween 80 tests are negative reaction. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain YIM 48858(T) is a member of the genus Rubellimicrobium, with similarities of 96.3, 95.7 and 95.5% to Rubellimicrobium mesophilum MSL-20(T), Rubellimicrobium aerolatum 5715S-9(T) and Rubellimicrobium thermophilum DSM 16684(T), respectively. Q-10 was the predominant respiratory ubiquinone as in the other members of the genus Rubellimicrobium. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphoglycolipid, glycolipid and the major fatty acids were C18:1 omega7c, C16:0 and C10:0 3-OH, which are very different from the valid published species. The DNA G + C content was 67.7 mol%. Both phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence supports that YIM 48858(T) is a novel species of the genus Rubellimicrobium, for which the name Rubellimicrobium roseum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 48858(T) (=CCTCC AA 208029(T) =KCTC 23202(T)).

Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis sp. nov., a halophilic actinomycete isolated from a salt lake.

A halophilic actinomycete strain, designated YIM 91168T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China. The isolate grew at 20-40 degrees C, pH 5-8 and 6-22% (w/v) NaCl; there was no growth in the absence of NaCl. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and arabinose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C17:0. MK-9(H4) was the predominant menaquinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. These chemotaxonomic data, together with its morphological properties, were consistent with the assignment of strain YIM 91168T to the genus Saccharopolyspora. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 91168T had highest sequence similarity (95.4%) with Saccharopolyspora gregorii NCIB 12823T, and showed lower 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (93.0-95.1%) with the other species of the genus Saccharopolyspora. On the basis of evidence from this polyphasic study, the novel species Saccharopolyspora qijiaojingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 91168T (=DSM 45088T=KCTC 19235T).

Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline soil.

A Gram-negative, coccoid to short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM 90738T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was non-motile and grew at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), 10-55 degrees C (optimal growth at 37 degrees C) and salinities of 1-15% NaCl (w/v, optimal growth at 8% NaCl). Ubiquinone 10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The cellular fatty acid profile had C18:1omega7c (80.4% of the total) as the major component, similar to those of members of the genus Paracoccus. The nearest phylogenetic neighbour of strain YIM 90738T was the type strain of Paracoccus homiensis, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (97.5% similarity). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between P. homiensis DSM 17862T and strain YIM 90738T was 51.5%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 90738T was 60.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and its genotypic distinctiveness, strain YIM 90738T (=CCTCC AB 206074T=KCTC 22163T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov.

Micrococcus yunnanensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from surface-sterilized Polyspora axillaris roots.

In this study, strain YIM 65004(T), isolated from roots of Polyspora axillaris, was shown to represent a novel species of the genus Micrococcus by means of a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic data gathered for peptidoglycan type, menaquinones, phospholipids and fatty acids strongly supported the classification of this strain within the genus Micrococcus: the cell-wall peptidoglycan contained lysine, glutamic acid, alanine, glycine and aspartic acid, the predominant menaquinones were MK-8(H(2)) (66.97 %) and MK-7(H(2)) (23.26 %), the phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown ninhydrin-negative phospholipid, and the major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) (61.98 %), iso-C(16 : 0) (14.25 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) (13.04 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71.7 mol%. A number of physiological features were found that clearly distinguished strain YIM 65004(T) from recognized Micrococcus species. DNA-DNA hybridization studies suggested that the novel strain represents a separate genomic species. Based on the above data, a novel species of the genus Micrococcus, Micrococcus yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain YIM 65004(T) (=CCTCC AA 208060(T)=DSM 21948(T)).