The incidence of deep venous thrombosis after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to retrospectively assess and analyze the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) at our institution. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 249 arthroscopic ACLRs performed in our hospital between February 2009 and February 2012. The surgical procedure was standardized in all the patients and was conducted by the same 2 surgeons. Quadrupled hamstring autograft was used in all the patients. No patient was given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the first 2 weeks after surgery. A unilateral contrast venography examination was performed on the third postoperative day. Patients were confined to bed once DVT was confirmed, followed by therapeutic doses of batroxobin. The proportion of patients with DVT was calculated. The significance of the association between clinical factors and postoperative DVT was determined. RESULTS: This study included 171 patients (123 men and 48 women), with a mean age (±SD) of 30.1 ± 10.0 years. DVT was detected in 24 patients (14.0%; 95% confidence interval, 8.8% to 19.3%). Body mass index (BMI), operative time, operator, and duration of tourniquet application were not significant risk factors for DVT. The risk of DVT was significantly higher in patients aged 35 years or older (P < .01). Higher risk for DVT was also identified in female patients (P < .05). Pulmonary embolism did not develop after thrombolytic therapy in any of the 24 patients with DVT after ACLR. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of DVT in patients who underwent arthroscopic ACLR was 14% in this study. Female patients and those aged 35 years or older have a significantly higher risk of DVT developing after ACLR; thus thromboprophylaxis is advocated in these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

[Role of 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3-dimensional CT and CT virtual endoscopy in detecting blood supply of lung carcinoma].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Angiography, a common method in evaluating blood supply of lung carcinoma, is invasive and complicated, with low success rate for bronchial artery, and could not assure to show all supply blood vessels at a time. This study was to explore clinical value of 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3-dimensional CT (3DCT) and CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in diagnosing and evaluating supply blood vessels and blood supply of lung carcinoma, so as to find a non-invasive, safe, simple and effective method in diagnosing blood supply of lung carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 72 patients with pathologically proved lung carcinoma underwent 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3DCT. Volume rendering (VR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and surface shaded display (SSD) of supply blood vessels of lung carcinoma were used as 3DCT models. CTVE of bronchial artery was performed in 25 patients. Color VR of tumor lesion was performed in all patients. RESULTS: Supply blood vessels were showed in 68 patients, 59 of them showed only bronchial artery, 5 showed intercostals arteries, and 4 showed mixed types, including bronchial artery, intercostals arteries, or branch arteries of subclavian artery. The bronchial artery entered into enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in 4 patients. CTVE well displayed the orifice and lumen of bronchial arteries in the 25 patients. The extent of red color of tumor lesion on VR color image were divided into 4 types: no color (n=11), light red (n=17), moderate red (n=32), and heavy red (n=12); the added CT values of tumor lesion after enhanced CT were (6.16+/-2.23) Hu, (15.71+/-3.13) Hu, (25.47+/-2.71) Hu, and (44.31+/-19.68) Hu, respectively. The corresponding rate between enhanced type and distributive type of red color on color VR was 86.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The 16 slices spiral CT angiography with 3DCT and CTVE could show clearly supply blood vessels and blood supply of lung carcinoma. It is a non-invasive, simple and effective method in evaluating and diagnosing blood supply of lung carcinoma.

[The value of three-phase pulmonary helical CT in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary cancer (diameter

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of three-phase pulmonary helical CT in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary cancer (diameter

[Helical dual-phase CT scan in evaluating blood supply of primary heptocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization with lipiodol].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the blood supply of low density viable area of primary heptocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic artery chemoembolization using lipiodol (LP-TACE), by helical dual-phase CT scanning and three dimensional CT (3DCT). METHODS: Thirty-four patients with primary heptocellular carcinoma after LP-TACE were examined by hepatic helical dual-phase CT. 3DCT model of the maximum intensity projection (MIP), surface shaded display (SSD) reconstruction of the hepatic artery and portal vein were simultaneously done in 5 cases. RESULTS: Viable tumor areas of 34 cases of primary heptocellular carcinoma after LP-TACE were divided into four types: peripheral, lateral, central and diffused types. Enhanced tumor vessel or tissue in viable tumor area was found during hepatic dual-phase in 17 cases, during hepatic artery-phase only in 8 and hepatic portal vein-phase only in 3. The viable tumor areas were found to have blood supply from the hepatic vein in 2 cases. The viable tumor area unenhanced during hepatic dual-phase was found in 6 cases. In 5 cases, the relation between the viable tumor area and branches of hepatic artery and portal vein was showed by MIP and SSD of hepatic artery and portal vein. CONCLUSION: Hepatic helical dual-phase CT scan with 3DCT is effective in evaluating the blood supply of viable tumor areas and the therapeutic effect of primary heptocellular carcinoma after LP-TACE.