A case of haemorrhagic cholecystitis with no risk factors.

Haemorrhagic cholecystitis (HC) is a rare cause of cholecystitis that can be fatal if management is delayed. HC could present in the setting of trauma, malignancy and bleeding diathesis, such as renal failure, cirrhosis and anticoagulation. Its symptoms are easily confused with acute calculous or acalculous cholecystitis and might include haemobilia or hematemesis as blood drains from the gallbladder into the gastrointestinal tract. Imaging of HC can be misleading unless the possibility of this diagnosis is considered. In this report, we present an interesting case of HC in a patient with none of the above comorbidities and the patient who was not on anticoagulation neither anti platelets. The case includes relevant imaging and a review of the literature on this rare subject.

Small Bowel Perforation Secondary to Biliary Stent Migration in an Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia.

We describe the case of a 90-year-old female who presented with signs of a strangulated inguinal hernia. Further history revealed a paired biliary-pancreatic stent insertion three years prior for ascending cholangitis and a long-standing asymptomatic right inguinal hernia. Biochemistry revealed a slightly elevated C-reactive protein level of 65 mmol/L, but was otherwise unremarkable. Abdominal CT demonstrated two plastic biliary stents within an incarcerated right inguinal hernia. At the time of surgery, a 3-mm perforation due to the stents was identified in the small bowel within the hernia. The stents were retrieved via an enterotomy that was subsequently repaired with full-thickness interrupted sutures. A tissue-suture repair of the inguinal hernia was performed due to significant contamination of enteric contents in the operative field. The patient had an unremarkable recovery and was discharged four days after her operation. This is a very rare acute presentation of stent migration with only a handful of such reported cases in the literature. With the rising number of endoscopic biliary stenting procedures, these complications are likely to increase, and clinicians need to be aware of this possibility in patients with pre-existing hernias.