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Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the pathogens strongly implicated in hospital infections. Data on the resistance and molecular characteristics of this bacterium are rare in Mali. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns, virulence factors of S. aureus isolates from pleural fluid infections in hospitalized patients. Methods: Pleural effusion samples were obtained by thoracentesis for bacteriological examination from October 2021 to December 2022 at the "Hôpital du Mali" teaching hospital. Comorbidities such as HIV/AIDS and diabetes were assessed. Standard microbiological procedures were used for bacterial identification. The disk diffusion method was used to identify methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The PCR amplification method was used to detect the following genes: lukE/D, sek, bsa, sel, and sep. Results: This study analyzed 6096 samples from inpatients and found a pooled frequency of bacterial pleuritis of 526 (8.6%) in thoracic surgery and pediatric wards. S. aureus was isolated in 52 (9.88%) cases, of which 39 (75%) isolates were MRSA. There was no significant difference between the sexes (p = 1.00). The median age of the patients was 30 years. All S. aureus isolates showed resistance to penicillin-G. The leucocidin lukE/D toxin was detected in 7.7% of thoracic surgery patients, but sek, bsa, sel, and sep toxins were not found. Conclusion: In this study, we found a high frequency of S. aureus (and MRSA) in pleurisy patients at the "Hôpital du Mali". Only the leukocidin lukE/D was found. The empirical treatment protocol for pleurisy may need revision. Clindamycin, linezolid, teicoplanin, daptomycin, fosfomycin, vancomycin, moxifloxacin and fusidic acid were the most active antibiotics on our isolates in this study. Infection prevention measures, active surveillance, and effective therapeutic options are recommended.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to estimate herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence and its association with HIV, HBV, HCV, HTLV-1&2 and syphilis among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened MSM sera for HSV-2 antibodies. A total of 329 sera were collected from an HIV and syphilis behavioral and biological cross-sectional survey conducted among MSM in Ouagadougou from January to April 2013. Serum samples were tested using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG antibodies to HSV-2. Also, antibodies to HTLV-1&2, HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies were screened by ELISA. Laboratory assays were performed according to manufacturers' instructions at the Biomedical Research Laboratory at the "Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante" (IRSS) in Burkina Faso. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among MSM was 14.3%(95% CI: 10.6-18.1), with disparities according to age and occupation. HSV-2 seroprevalence was high among MSM who were seropositive for HIV (40% versus 13.9%), for syphilis (42.9% versus 13.3%), for HCV (32.5% versus 11.7%) and for HTLV-1&2 (38.5% versus 12.9%) compared to people seronegative for these pathogens. Multivariate analysis showed that HIV-positive (ORa â= â5.34, p â= â0.027), anti-HCV-positive (ORa â= â4.44, p â= â0.001), and HTLV-1&2 positive (aOR â= â4.11, p â= â0.046) were associated with HSV-2 infection among MSM. However, no significant statistical association between HSV-2 and syphilis was found. CONCLUSION: HSV-2 seroprevalence among MSM in Burkina Faso is relatively high. Positive associations between sexual transmitted infections including HIV with HSV-2 suggest that HSV-2 infection's prevention should be strengthened through HIV transmission control programs.