Addressing the risk and management of cardiometabolic complications in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy and androgen receptor axis-targeted therapy: consensus statements from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Society of Uro-Oncology.

Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundational treatment for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Androgen receptor (AR) axis-targeted therapies are a new standard of care for advanced PCa. Although these agents have significantly improved patient survival, the suppression of testosterone is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic syndrome. This highlights the urgency of multidisciplinary efforts to address the cardiometabolic risk of anticancer treatment in men with PCa. Methods: Two professional organizations invited five urologists, five clinical oncologists, and two cardiologists to form a consensus panel. They reviewed the relevant literature obtained by searching PubMed for the publication period from April 2013 to April 2023, to address three discussion areas: (i) baseline assessment and screening for risk factors in PCa patients before the initiation of ADT and AR axis-targeted therapies; (ii) follow-up and management of cardiometabolic complications; and (iii) selection of ADT agents among high-risk patients. The panel convened four meetings to discuss and draft consensus statements using a modified Delphi method. Each drafted statement was anonymously voted on by every panelist. Results: The panel reached a consensus on 18 statements based on recent evidence and expert insights. Conclusion: These consensus statements serve as a practical recommendation for clinicians in Hong Kong, and possibly the Asia-Pacific region, in the management of cardiometabolic toxicities of ADT or AR axis-targeted therapies in men with PCa.

Percutaneous nephrostomy, nephrolithotomy and combined ureteroscopic lithotripsy using the supine approach.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To evaluate the safety and efficacy of supine percutaneous nephrostomy, nephrolithotomy, and combined percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy. (2) To describe the skill-acquiring process in supine procedures and share our initial experience. DESIGN: Three-staged case series with prospective data collection. SETTING: Two public hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION: Stage 1: Forty patients indicated for percutaneous renal access were recruited for supine percutaneous nephrostomy with prospective data collection. Stage 2: A prospective comparative study of percutaneous nephrolithotomy involving 60 patients allocated non-randomly to a supine (n=25) or prone (n=35) approach was conducted. Stage 3: Data of 11 patients who underwent simultaneous supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy were prospectively captured. RESULTS: Stage 1: The procedural success rate was 100%. The mean operating time in unilateral procedures was 44 minutes; one patient had perinephric haematoma as a complication. Stage 2: Overall stone-free rates for prone and supine procedures were 46% and 68%, respectively (P=0.087), and mean operating times were 122 and 123 minutes, respectively (P=0.905). Stage 3: Of the 11 patients, six were rendered stone-free after the first combined procedure, and one experienced transient postoperative fever. There was no major complication. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was feasible via both prone and supine approaches. With the exception of staghorn stones, the supine percutaneous approach was an equally safe and effective option for patients with specific conditions favouring such an approach. The ability to incorporate simultaneous ureteroscopic lithotripsy was an additional benefit of adopting the supine approach.