Biological Function and Potential Applications of Garcinol in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

INTRODUCTION: The regeneration of pulp tissue is crucial for true regenerative endodontic treatment, which requires a reduction in osteogenic differentiation. Garcinol, a histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, is a natural regulator that is known to suppress the osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. In this study, the inhibitory effect of garcinol on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) was evaluated using three-dimensional culture under in vitro and in vivo conditions. METHODS: hDPSCs were obtained from caries-free third molars and cultured with 10 µM garcinol for 7 days in an ultra-low attachment plate. The cell stemness and expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and single-cell analysis. A transplantation experiment was performed in mice to investigate whether garcinol-treated hDPSCs showed restrained osteogenic differentiation. RESULTS: hDPSCs cultured in the U-shaped ultra-low attachment plate showed the highest expression of stemness-related genes. Garcinol-treated hDPSCs demonstrated downregulation of osteogenic differentiation, with lower expression of bone sialoprotein, which is related to bone formation, and higher expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein, which is related to dentin formation. However, the garcinol-treated hDPSCs did not show any alterations in their stemness. Consistent results were observed in the transplantation experiment in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Garcinol reduced the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, which can contribute to true regenerative endodontic treatment.

A One-Year Radiographic Healing Assessment after Endodontic Microsurgery Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Scans.

This study aimed to evaluate one-year radiographic healing after endodontic microsurgery using CBCT with modified PENN 3D criteria and to compare the outcome with results evaluated using Molven's criteria. A total of 107 teeth from 96 patients were evaluated one year after endodontic microsurgery by using CBCT scans with modified PENN 3D criteria and periapical radiographs with Molven's criteria. Both preoperative and postoperative lesion volumes were calculated using ITK-SNAP (free software). Radiographic healing assessment using periapical radiographs and CBCT images, and preoperative and postoperative lesion volume measurements were performed independently by two examiners. The assessment using Molven's criteria resulted in 75 complete healings, 18 incomplete healings, eight uncertain healings, and six unsatisfactory healings. Based on modified PENN 3D criteria, 64 teeth were categorized as complete healing, 29 teeth as limited healing, six teeth as uncertain healing, and eight teeth as unsatisfactory healing. With the one-year follow-up, CBCT scans showed a lower healing tendency than did periapical radiography. The volumes of apical radiolucency after the surgery were reduced by 77.7% on average at one-year follow up.

Scanning electron microscopic examination of resected root apices obtained from endodontic microsurgery.

This study was designed to examine the morphological features of the resected root apices obtained from endodontic microsurgery using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as their anatomical effect on the clinical outcome of the surgical treatment. One-hundred-six resected root apices from 91 patients/surgeries were obtained by endodontic microsurgery, and fixed immediately for storage. The resected apices were prepared for SEM to examine their morphological features, such as the number and size of the apical foramina. The patients were periodically checked up at least 1 year and the clinical outcome of the microsurgery was judged as a success or failure according to the Molven's criteria. The SEM findings and the clinical outcome of apical surgery were evaluated to see any potential correlation between them. The SEM examination revealed that 60.4% of specimens had more than two portals of exit on the resected root apices and the size of the major foramen was at least 386 micrometer and 334 micrometer from maxillary and mandibular molar, respectively. With a recall rate of 72.9%, 91.9% of the surgical cases were decided to have successful outcomes. Based on this SEM study, a relatively high frequency of multiple portals of exit was existed and the sizes of major foramina were bigger than that were reported in previous reports. The clinical outcomes of endodontic microsurgery were not correlated with the anatomical features of resected apical root apices. SCANNING 38:455-461, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.