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A defected ground antenna with dielectric reflector is designed and investigated for breast tumour diagnosis. Ultra-wide band resonance (3.1 to 10.6 GHz) is achieved by etching two slots and adding a narrow vertical strip in a patch antenna. A high dielectric constant substrate is added below the antenna, which shows remarkable effect on performance. Antenna performance is verified experimentally on an artificially fabricated breast tissue and tumour. Malignant tissue has different dielectric properties than the normal tissue which causes deviation in the scattered antenna power. Average value of backscattered signal variation and ground penetrating radar (GPR) algorithm is used to localize the tumour of radius 4mm in breast tissue.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Imageamento de Micro-Ondas , Algoritmos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Micro-OndasRESUMO
Presacral dermoid cysts are rare, benign tumors of developmental origin that primarily affect women. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for these cysts, even if asymptomatic, with the laparoscopic approach being safer and more efficient.
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INTRODUCTION: Blunt abdominal trauma causing Gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ), diaphragm, and gastric perforation in children is a very rare occurrence. However, the injury is serious and life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report an unusual case of a 14-year-old boy with an accidental fall from the tree with blunt abdomen trauma with a perforating injury to GEJ, stomach, and diaphragm. DISCUSSION: Multiple vital organs in the abdominal cavity are vulnerable to damage in blunt abdominal trauma. The rarity of perforation, diagnostic delay, and early septic occurrence sums up to higher patient morbidity and mortality. A high degree of suspicion and urgent laparotomy and surgical repair forms the cornerstone in management. CONCLUSION: Early suspicion along with effective resuscitation and early laparotomy and surgical repair is crucial for survival and optimal outcome of the patient.