Suberosin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury in A Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sepsis is one of the major problems encountered in intensive care units, causing organ damage and increasing mortality. Suberosin (SBR) is a type of coumarin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The goal of this study is to explore the protective effects of SBR on the lungs in a rat model of sepsis. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were utilized in this study. A cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was applied to induce sepsis. Rats were separated into six groups with nine animals in each group, including healthy control, SBR, CLP, and CLP + SBR (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Histopathological changes in the lungs were investigated with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). RESULTS: MDA levels and GSH and SOD enzyme activities were negatively affected in the CLP group, but SBR treatment ameliorated these oxidative stress parameters in the SBR1-3 groups (p< 0.05). The mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1ß were increased in the CLP group, and SBR treatment decreased those expression levels in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Organ damage and necrosis were seen in the CLP group and were alleviated in the SBR3 group. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of lung tissues demonstrated decreased TNF-α and IL-1ß immunopositivity in the SBR1-3 groups (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SBR ameliorated sepsis-related lung injury in a dose-dependent manner. This compound has significant potential as a future agent in the treatment of sepsis.

Ameliorative effect of umbelliferone in remote organ injury induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.

We evaluated the ameliorative role of umbelliferone in kidney, heart, and lung damage induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Umbelliferone was given orally to rats 60 min before ischemia. Ischemia was induced for 50 min and then reperfusion for 3 hr. The antioxidant enzymes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and cytokine levels in the kidney, heart, and lung were measured by ELISA. Moreover, histopathological changes were monitored. Renal I/R-induced oxidative stress in the organs by decreasing antioxidant enzymes. However, umbelliferone pretreatment enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), levels, reduced MDA and MPO levels. Renal I/R increased in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and histopathological changes but these effects were inhibited with umbelliferone pretreatment. Furthermore, umbelliferone increased in nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level under ischemia conditions. Our results indicated that pretreatment of umbelliferone-ameliorated damages in remote organ induced by renal I/R through suppressing oxidative stress and modulating inflammatory responses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: kidney, heart, and lung damages induced by renal I/R in rats was alleviated by umbelliferone. The oral treatment of umbelliferone markedly reversed the oxidative stress, inflammation, and histopathological changes by increasing in the levels of SOD, GSH, and eNOS, decreasing in the levels of MDA, MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in distant organ injury induced by renal I/R. This study firstly revealed that umbelliferone has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in the remote organ damages caused by renal I/R. Consequently, umbelliferone may be an alternative therapeutic agent for treating renal I/R-induced damages.

Determination of natural phenolic compounds of Ferula longipedunculata Pesmen and assessment their antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials.

The paper reports anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts, fractions from aerial parts, roots, flowers, fruits of Ferula longipedunculata Pesmen (Apiaceae). Phenolic content, antioxidant activities of samples were carried out using Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, TBA methods. Anticholinesterase activity was actualised through Ellman's method. The utmost and least total phenolic content were detected in root MeOH extract (36.4 mg GAE g-1 DW) and aerial part (23.74 mg GAE g-1 DW), respectively. Hexane fraction of root exhibited significant inhibition against AChE (37.99%) and BuChE (81.66%) at 20 µg/mL as well as remarkable antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. However, investigations on roots will be substantial for improved usage of F. longipedunculata for pharmaceutical and food search needs.

The natural phenolic compounds and their antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of herb Leiotulus dasyanthus (K. Koch) Pimenov & Ostr.

The presented work reports anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of extracts, fractions from aerial parts, fruits, flowers, roots and isolated compounds of roots from Leiotulus dasyanthus (bergapten, pimpinellin, umbelliferone, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol). Phenolic contents, antioxidant activities of samples were carried out by Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, TBA methods. Anticholinesterase activity was evaluated by Ellman's method. The highest and lowest total phenolic content were detected in root MeOH extract (88.6 mg GAE g-1 DW) and aerial part (51.83 mg GAE g-1 DW), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity among isolated secondary metabolites got coumarins umbelliferone, bergapten and pimpinellin. Pimpinellin (66.55%) and umbelliferone (61.09%) demonstrated strong inhibition towards acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Dichloromethane fraction of root demonstrated significant inhibition against AChE (49.66%) and BuChE (92.21%) at 20 µg/mL. Dichloromethane fractions of roots had a notableness antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The further studies on roots will be important for development use of this plant for pharmaceutical and food research needs.[Formula: see text].