Extracellular matrix collagen biomarker levels in patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy.

OBJECTIVES: The role of extracellular matrix collagen biomarkers in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is not well known. Our goal was to investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 protein levels in patients with CTETH. METHODS: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study. Patients with CTETH who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy comprise group 1, and the control group included patients who underwent lung surgery without pulmonary hypertension (group 2) between March 2020 and March 2021. In addition to serum levels of MMP-9, the pulmonary endarterectomy and control pulmonary artery tissue samples were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay  4pl, cubic, quadratic and Western blot techniques. Levels of MMP-2, which consist of pro MMP-2/ß-actin and active MMP-2/ß-actin and MMP-9/ß-actin, were measured only in the tissue samples. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were enrolled consecutively in group 1 (n: 24) and group 2 (n: 24). The serum concentrations of MMP-9 were similar in both groups. Similarly, a comparison of tissue sample levels of pro MMP-2/ß-actin (P = 0.496) and active MMP-2/ß-actin (P = 0.216) showed no significant difference between the groups. The tissue samples from patients with CTETH had significantly lower amounts of MMP-9/ß-actin compared to the control group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that serum levels of extracellular matrix collagen biomarkers were similar in patients with CTETH who were candidates for surgery and in patients who had non-pulmonary hypertension who underwent lung surgery. Differences in levels of MMP-9/ß-actin in tissue samples may play a role in pulmonary vascular remodelling in operable patients.

Is There Any Role of Pulmonary Endarterectomy in Pulmonary Arterial Hydatidosis?

BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosis. Pulmonary artery involvement is a rare condition. The aim of this study was to review the investigators' experience with the surgical treatment of pulmonary arterial hydatidosis. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively for consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) and who had a diagnosis of hydatidosis at or after PEA. RESULTS: A total of 8 patients (2 male and 6 female; mean age, 31.25 ± 13.68 years) with hydatidosis were defined. Only 1 patient presented with hemoptysis, whereas the rest of the patients reported exertional dyspnea as their main symptom. Cardiac hydatidosis associated with pulmonary arterial involvement was noted in 1 patient. The mean time interval for duration of disease was 12 ± 24.29 months before PEA. Mortality was observed in 2 patients as a result of massive hemoptysis in 1 patient and right-sided heart failure in the other. No anaphylactic reaction was observed. Significant difference was detected in mean pulmonary vascular resistance as a decline from 442.38 ± 474.20 dyn/s/cm-5 to 357.25 ± 285.34 dyn/s/cm-5 after PEA (P = .011). Two patients had recurrence of the disease after a median follow-up of 9.1 months All survivors improved to New York Heart Association functional classes I and II. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary arterial hydatidosis may mimic chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and in these patients the diagnosis can be made with PEA. Pulmonary endarterectomy may be a therapeutic option for patients who do not respond to medical therapy if the cystic lesions are surgically accessible. PEA should be performed only in expert centers because of the high risk of perioperative morbidity, mortality, and postoperative recurrence.

Multimodal Approach of Isolated Pulmonary Vasculitis: A Single-Institution Experience.

BACKGROUND: Isolated pulmonary vasculitis (IPV) is a single-organ vasculitis of unknown etiology and may mimic chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The aim of this study was to review our clinical experience with pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with CTEPH secondary to IPV. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively for consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy and had a diagnosis of IPV at or after surgery. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients (6 women; median age, 48 years [range, 23-55]) with IPV. The diagnosis was confirmed after histopathologic examination of all surgical materials. The mean duration of disease before surgery was 88.0 ± 70.2 months. Exercise-induced dyspnea was the presenting symptom in all patients. Pulmonary endarterectomy was bilateral in 6 patients and unilateral in 3. No deaths occurred; however 1 patient had pulmonary artery stenosis, and stent implantation was performed. All patients received immunosuppressive therapies after surgery. Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly from 30 mm Hg (range, 19-67) to 21 mm Hg (range, 15-49) after surgery (P < .05). Pulmonary vascular resistance also improved significantly from 270 dyn/s/cm-5 (range, 160-1600) to 153 dyn/s/cm-5 (range, 94-548; P < .05). After a median follow-up of 41 months, all but 1 patient had improved to the New York Heart Association functional class I. CONCLUSIONS: IPV can mimic CTEPH, and these patients can be diagnosed with pulmonary endarterectomy. Furthermore surgery has not only diagnostic but also therapeutic value for IPV when stenotic and/or thrombotic lesions are surgically accessible. A multidisciplinary experienced CTEPH team is critical for management of these unique patients.

Predictive factors of prolonged ventilation following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Introduction: In this trial, we initially aimed to investigate the major predictive factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in our center and, secondarily, we tried to find out the effects of the independent factors on mortality. Methods: Between July 2017 and August 2018, 207 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were retrospectively investigated. The patients were randomly divided into two subgroups according to the duration of ventilator dependence (group 1 <24 hours, n=164, 79%; group 2 >24 hours, n=43, 21%). Results: 207 patients (mean age 59.47±10.56) who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled in this study (n=145, 70% of male patients; n=62, 30% of female patients). Amid these patients, 43 (n=43, 20.77%) had prolonged intubation time. After multivariate logistic regression analysis among preoperative factors, female gender (OR=2.321, P=0.028), leukocytosis (OR=1.233, P=0.006), perioperative lactate level (OR=1.224, P=0.027), CPB time (OR=1.012, P=0.012) and postoperative revision for bleeding (OR=23.125, P=0.040) were significantly detected. The effect of predictive factors on mortality after cardiac surgery was determined and found that PMV did not affect hospital mortality (OR=1.979, P=0.420). Conclusion: In our report, we revealed, differently from previous studies, that intraoperative lactate levels which manifest organ perfusion and oxygenation were included and were significantly different in the early extubation group compared to the PMV group. Female gender, preoperative leukocytosis, intraoperative CPB time, lactate levels and postoperative revision for bleeding were the independent predictive factors for PMV. Moreover, PMV did not affect the early-term mortality during hospital stay.

Predictive Factors of Prolonged Ventilation Following Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

INTRODUCTION: In this trial, we initially aimed to investigate the major predictive factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in our center and, secondarily, we tried to find out the effects of the independent factors on mortality. METHODS: Between July 2017 and August 2018, 207 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were retrospectively investigated. The patients were randomly divided into two subgroups according to the duration of ventilator dependence (group 1 <24 hours, n=164, 79%; group 2 >24 hours, n=43, 21%). RESULTS: 207 patients (mean age 59.47±10.56) who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB were enrolled in this study (n=145, 70% of male patients; n=62, 30% of female patients). Amid these patients, 43 (n=43, 20.77%) had prolonged intubation time. After multivariate logistic regression analysis among preoperative factors, female gender (OR=2.321, P=0.028), leukocytosis (OR=1.233, P=0.006), perioperative lactate level (OR=1.224, P=0.027), CPB time (OR=1.012, P=0.012) and postoperative revision for bleeding (OR=23.125, P=0.040) were significantly detected. The effect of predictive factors on mortality after cardiac surgery was determined and found that PMV did not affect hospital mortality (OR=1.979, P=0.420). CONCLUSION: In our report, we revealed, differently from previous studies, that intraoperative lactate levels which manifest organ perfusion and oxygenation were included and were significantly different in the early extubation group compared to the PMV group. Female gender, preoperative leukocytosis, intraoperative CPB time, lactate levels and postoperative revision for bleeding were the independent predictive factors for PMV. Moreover, PMV did not affect the early-term mortality during hospital stay.

Coronary artery thromboembolism: Unexpected presentation of left atrial myxoma covered with thrombus.

Cardiac myxomas are benign primer cardiac tumors of the heart. They can be fatal with a thromboembolic presentation. Myocardial infarction is one of these unusual thromboembolic presentations. We report a patient who presented with cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation related to myocardial infarction. After successful resuscitation, coronary angiography and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. A left atrial mass was observed and interpreted as a possible cause of coronary embolism leading to myocardial infarction. After surgical excision, the pathological examination confirmed myxoma, which was the essential cause of the tendency to arterial embolism.