Anticancer effects of cell-free culture supernatant of Escherichia coli in bladder cancer cell line: New insight into the regulation of inflammation.

Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common malignancy in worldwide, with substantial mortality and morbidity if not treated effectively. According to various research, inflammatory circumstances majorly impact the microenvironment of bladder cancer, and the chronic presence of cytokines and chemokines promotes tumor progression. In this investigation, we explored the impact of cell-free culture supernatant ofEscherichia colistrain 536 on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bladder cancer model microarray data (GSE162251). Then we examined in silico outcomes on human bladder cancer cell line 5637 to verify and extrapolate findings. This investigation revealed for the first time that this compound has potent suppressor effects on interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) gene expression as well as increased NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), as an anti-oxidant agent, gene expression in 4, 8, and 24 h. Moreover, we confirmed that c-MYC, a member of the MYC proto-oncogene family, gene expression reduced in 5637 cells in 4 h and then followed up its expression in 8 and 24 h. In addition, our investigation demonstrated that the supernatant raised the BCL2-Associated X Protein/B-cell lymphoma 2 (BAX/BCL2) ratio, and subsequent flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the supernatant induction apoptosis and necrosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that this compound is a potential candidate for the suppression of bladder cancer progression.

An in vivo and in vitro investigation on hepatoprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum seed essential oil and extracts against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity.

OBJECTIVES: Protective effects of different extracts and essential oil from Pimpinella anisum L. seeds were examined against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity. The parameters such as serum transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase activity, hepatic glutathione content, liver lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes of liver were assessed as toxicity markers. In the in vitro model of this study, markers such as cell viability, cellular reduced and oxidized glutathione and lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human liver cancer cell line HepG2 and male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with extracts and essential oil, and markers of hepatotoxicity were investigated. RESULTS: The data revealed that the n-hexane extract, effectively attenuated CCl4-induced toxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models in current investigation. CONCLUSION: As the oxidative stress markers were ameliorated, it might be concluded that anise seed possesses protective effects probably due to its antioxidant constituents.

Acute Effect of Intravenous Administration of Magnesium Sulfate on Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Bypass Graft With Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular problems are among the most common health issues. A considerable number of cardiac patients undergo cardiac surgery, and coronary artery disease patients constitute about two-thirds of all these surgeries. The application of cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) usually results in some untoward effects. OBJECTIVES: Studies have suggested magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as an anti-inflammatory agent in a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This study aimed to assess the effect of an IV MgSO4 infusion during elective CABG (with CBP) on the blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 12 month period, after review board approval and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 patients were selected and entered randomly into one of the two study groups (MgSO4 or placebo). Anesthesia, surgery and CBP were performed in exactly the same way, except for the use of MgSO4 or a placebo. Both preoperative and postoperative plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were checked and compared between the two groups using an ELISA. RESULTS: There was no difference found between the two groups with regard to; gender, basic variables, Ejection Fraction (EF), CBP time and aortic cross-clamp time. The preoperative levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were not different; however, their postoperative levels were significantly higher in the placebo group (P value = 0.01 for IL-6 and 0.005 for TNF-α). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that MgSO4 infusion could suppress part of the inflammatory response after CABG with CBP. This was demonstrated by decreased levels of interleukin-6 and TNF-α in postoperative serum levels in elective CABG with CBP.

Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion from mouse macrophage cell culture.

Many species of tea (Camellia sinensis) and cowslip (Echium amoenum) are used in Iranian traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to conduct the survey on the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts on secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by non-infected and infected mouse macrophages. A macrophage infection model with Legionella pneumophila and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used in this study. Research showed that the concentrations of TNF-alpha in non-infected and infected macrophage culture supernatant treated with various concentrations of Iranian black tea and cowslip extracts was significantly higher than the control. Various concentrations of cowslip (0.5, 5 and 50 µg/mL) had significantly a great effect on the induction of TNF-alpha secretion in comparison with the Iranian black tea extract (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, we demonstrated the ability of Iranian black tea and cowslip on the induction of TNF-alpha, which can exert an anti-L. pneumophila activity on macrophages at a low dose. However, further studies to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the induction of macrophages by Iranian black tea and cowslip as well as their potential inhibitory effects on the growth of infected cells and their possible antitumor effects should be carried out in future works.