RESUMO
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine which sources of worry and stress are associated with smoking behavior and if these associations are varied by gender. Methods: The anonymous data of 28,588 men and 30,813 women aged 20-79 years old in Japan were analyzed. We defined the subjects who chose "smoking everyday" as "smokers." We also assessed 20 sources of worry and stress. Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking for each source of worry and stress were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results: We found significant association of financial stress with smoking behavior in both genders. The multivariable OR (95% CI) of smoking according to stress from financial stress was 1.22 (1.15-1.31) in men and 1.66 (1.53-1.80) in women. Moreover, the OR of smoking according to stress from human relationships and job affairs was significantly higher for women. Conclusion: We found that some sources of worry and stress were related to smoking behavior and these associations were found to be gender-specific.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The proportion of non-regularly employed persons has increased in Japan, but few studies have examined the relationship between employment status and lung cancer screening (LCS) participation. METHODS: Authors analyzed data from the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. The anonymous responses of 28,951 people aged 40-69 years old were analyzed. Authors defined nine employment status categories: unemployed, regularly employed in a large-, middle-, and small-scale company, non-regularly employed in a large-, middle-, and small-scale company, self-employed, and other. LCS participation in the past year was surveyed through a self-reported questionnaire. Sex-specific prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LCS participation for all employment status categories, using the regularly employed in a middle-scale company category as the reference, were calculated using multivariable Poisson regression analysis, after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. RESULTS: Multivariable-adjusted PRs (95% CI) for LCS participation for the regularly employed in a large-scale company were 1.33 (1.25-1.41) in men and 1.53 (1.38-1.71) in women. Multivariable-adjusted PRs (95% CI) for LCS participation for the non-regularly employed in a middle- and small-scale company compared with the regularly employed in a middle-scale company were 0.81 (0.72-0.92) and 0.62 (0.50-0.76) in men, and 0.89 (0.80-0.99) and 0.80 (0.71-0.91) in women, respectively. CONCLUSION: Regularly employed in a large-scale company had significantly higher LCS participation, and non-regularly employed in a middle- or small-scale company showed significantly lower LCS participation than those who were regularly employed in a middle-scale company.
Assuntos
Emprego , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevenção & controle , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar , Condições Sociais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Engajamento no TrabalhoRESUMO
This study examined whether employment category was associated with insomnia-related symptoms (IRS). We analyzed the 2010 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. The anonymous data of 43,865 people ranging from 20-59â yr of age were analyzed. We defined six employment categories: regularly employed, non-regularly employed, self-employed, others, unemployed and not in the labor force. Sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of IRS were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors. We further conducted stratified analyses by mental illness, smoking status, and age. For men, the multivariable ORs (95% CI) of IRS for the unemployed and those who were not in the labor force were 2.5 (1.8-3.4) and 2.1 (1.2-3.7). For women, the multivariable ORs (95% CI) for the unemployed was 1.9 (1.5-2.5). After being stratified by mental illness, we found that the associations were not significant in persons with mental illness, and were more evident in persons without mental illness. Smoking and age did not modify the associations. In conclusion, we found a significantly higher OR of IRS for the unemployed, and men who were not in the labor force. These associations were particularly more evident for individuals without mental illness.