RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite uncertain benefit-risk profile near the end of life, antithrombotic therapy (ATT) is prevalent in patients with terminal cancer. OBJECTIVES: To examine adherence and persistence with ATT in terminally ill cancer patients and investigate risks of major and clinically relevant bleeding, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and arterial thromboembolism (ATE) by ATT exposure. METHODS: Using a Danish nationwide cohort of terminal cancer patients, ATT adherence in the year following terminal illness declaration was measured by the proportion of days covered (PDC) by prescription. Discontinuation was defined as a treatment gap of ≥30 days between prescription renewals. One-year cumulative incidences of bleeding complications, VTE, and ATE were calculated, considering the competing risk of death. RESULTS: During 2013-2022, 86,732 terminally ill cancer patients were identified (median age 75 years, 47% female, median survival 57 days). At terminal illness declaration, 37.5% were receiving ATT (66.6% platelet inhibitors, 23.0% direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), and 10.4% vitamin K antagonists (VKA)). The mean PDC was 88% (SD 30%), highest among platelet inhibitor users (mean PDC 89%) and lowest among VKA users (73%). One-year ATT discontinuation incidence was 7.9% (95% CI 7.7%-8.1%). Most patients continued ATT until death (74.8% platelet inhibitors, 58.8% DOACs, 61.6% VKAs). Patients receiving ATT had a lower one-year VTE risk but higher risks of ATE and major bleeding. CONCLUSION: Despite uncertain benefit-risk profile, most terminally ill cancer patients continue ATT until the end of life. These findings provide insights into current ATT utilisation and discontinuation dynamics in the challenging context of terminal illness.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program in individuals aged 55 to 75 years in the Netherlands uses fecal immunochemical testing (FIT), to detect hemoglobin in feces, followed by colonoscopy in individuals with a positive FIT. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to assess the false-positive rate, detection rate, and positive predictive value of FIT for CRC and advanced adenoma (AA) in patients with Von Willebrand disease (VWD) or hemophilia. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, nationwide cross-sectional study embedded in 2 nationwide studies on VWD and hemophilia in the Netherlands. RESULTS: In total, 493 patients with hemophilia (n = 329) or VWD (n = 164) were included, of whom 351 patients participated in the CRC screening program (71.2%). FIT positivity and false-positive rate in patients with hemophilia and VWD were significantly higher than those in the general population (14.8% vs. 4.3%, p < .001 and 10.3% vs. 2.3%, p <.001, respectively). In patients with hemophilia, the detection rate of CRC/AA was significantly higher than that in the general male population (4.5% vs. 1.8%, p = .02), and the positive predictive value of FIT for CRC/AA was comparable (32.3% vs. 39.7%, n.s.). In patients with VWD, the detection rate was similar to that of the general population (0.8% vs. 1.4%, n.s.), whereas the positive predictive value was significantly lower than that in the general population (6.3% vs. 36.8%, p = .02). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that despite a high false-positive rate of FIT in patients with inherited bleeding disorders, the detection rate of CRC and/or AA in hemophilia patients is high. FIT performs different in patients with hemophilia or VWD compared with the general population.