Analysis of Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Gene Variations (re11568821 and rs41386349) in HTLV-1 Infection Using One Primer Pair and Proviral Load.

About 90% of people infected with Human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) virus are asymptomatic, so it can be said that the prevalence of this virus is not completely clear. During chronic infection, the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) protein increases and causes exhausted phenotype in T cells. Considering the role of host genetics and immune responses in HTLV-1 infection, in this case-control study, included 81 asymptomatic carriers (ACs) and 162 healthy controls (HCs), rs11568821 and rs41386349 polymorphisms of PD-1 gene were evaluated by Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method which investigated by one primer pair for both polymorphisms also, proviral load (PVL) measured by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR). The results showed that the mutant allele of rs11568821 (A) and rs41386349 (T) polymorphisms is associated with an increase in HTLV-1 infection significantly (p = 0.019 and p = 0.000 respectively). But there was no significant relationship between PVL and polymorphisms.

Association of the rs4143815 polymorphism of PDL1 gene with HTLV-1 infection and proviral load in asymptomatic blood donors in northeast Iran.

It is obvious that genetic differences, including mutations and polymorphisms, can play an important role in viral infections. In this case-control study, which included 81 human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) asymptomatic carriers (AC) and 162 healthy controls (HC), the rs4143815 polymorphism of PDL1 gene was investigated. This polymorphism is the site of miR-570 binding and it can influence immune system responses. The rs4143815 polymorphism was evaluated by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) and the proviral load levels by quantitative real-time PCR (q PCR). The results demonstrated that the C allele (P = 0.027) and the CC genotype (P = 0.031) of rs4143815 polymorphism was significantly higher in the AC group than in the HC group, also the proviral load in the AC group with the C allele (P = 0.020) was significantly higher. Thus, the rs4143815 polymorphism can play a vital role in HTLV-1 infection.