RESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate lacrimal gland malignancies' incidence and survival rates in the USA between 1995 and 2018. METHODS: Incidence and survival data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries of lacrimal gland malignancies between 1996 and 2018 were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: This study analyzed data pertaining to 3620 patients (females 56.7%, n = 2051). A sizable number of patients were 60-79 years of age (45.1%, n = 1633), with a substantial majority being of the non-Hispanic white ethnicity (82.9%, n = 3002). A little above half of patients (52.1%, n = 1886) had presented with a localized disease. Lymphomas represented 59.3% (n = 2146) of lacrimal gland malignancies, while 37% (n = 1339) were carcinomas. The cumulative age-adjusted incidence rate per million was 0.53 for all malignancies, 0.31 for lymphomas, and 0.2 for carcinomas. While the annual crude incidence rate showed a significant steady increase (average annual change of 1.24%; P < .05), age-adjusted rates did not show a similar trend. The five- and 10-year relative survival rates were 88.64 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 85.81-90.93) and 80.26 months (95%CI: 76.21-83.7), respectively. Older age, non-lymphoma tumors, and advanced stage at diagnosis were significantly associated with worse outcomes. Relative survival rates did not show significant changes from 1995 to 2018, irrespective of gender, race or treatment received. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and localized tumor management can improve survival outcomes for patients with lacrimal gland malignancies. Further research is needed to understand these malignancies' risk profiles and develop more effective treatment strategies.
RESUMO
Purpose: To investigate the relative positional changes between the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) and the anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO), and border tissue configuration changes during experimental high myopia development in juvenile tree shrews. Methods: Juvenile tree shrews were assigned randomly to two groups: binocular normal vision (n = 9) and monocular -10 D lens treatment starting at 24 days of visual experience to induce high myopia in one eye while the other eye served as control (n = 12). Refractive and biometric measurements were obtained daily, and 48 radial optical coherence tomography B-scans through the center of the optic nerve head were obtained weekly for 6 weeks. ASCO and BMO were segmented manually after nonlinear distortion correction. Results: Lens-treated eyes developed high degree of axial myopia (-9.76 ± 1.19 D), significantly different (P < 0.001) from normal (0.34 ± 0.97 D) and control eyes (0.39 ± 0.88 D). ASCO-BMO centroid offset gradually increased and became significantly larger in the experimental high myopia group compared with normal and control eyes (P < 0.0001) with an inferonasal directional preference. The border tissue showed a significantly higher tendency of change from internally to externally oblique configuration in the experimental high myopic eyes in four sectors: nasal, inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal (P < 0.005). Conclusions: During experimental high myopia development, progressive relative deformations of ASCO and BMO occur simultaneously with changes in border tissue configuration from internally to externally oblique in sectors that are close to the posterior pole (nasal in tree shrews). These asymmetric changes may contribute to pathologic optic nerve head remodeling and an increased risk of glaucoma later in life.