Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the oral cavity metastasising to both kidneys in a dog.

BACKGROUND: Most extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) aresolitary and located in the head and neck region. They may also occur in the visceral parts of the body. OBJECTIVES: Here, we report a case of oral EMP followed by neoplastic plasma cell metastasis to both kidneys in a neutered male Pomeranian. METHODS: Oral plasmacytoma recurred 11 months aftersurgical removal of an oral mass and partial maxillectomy was performed. Eighteen months after partial maxillectomy, neoplastic masses were detected in both kidneys on computed tomography. The dog died 12 months after detection of bilateral kidney neoplasms. The resected neoplastic masses were routinely processed for histopathological observation and immunohistochemistry against pan-cytokeratin, desmin, CD3, and MUM-1. RESULTS: The recurred mass mainly consisted of well-differentiated plasma cells and contained a small portion of aggressive cells with malignant features. Monoclonal gammopathy was not observed on serumelectrophoresis performed to exclude multiple myeloma. The mass was composed of plasma cells with high nuclear pleomorphism and abundant mitotic figures. The neoplasm stained positive for MUM-1 with a more aggressive morphology than in oral EMP. CONCLUSION: Based on serum biomarker and pathological observations, a diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis of oral-to-renal EMP was established. To the best of our knowledge, metastasis of oral EMP into the bilateral kidneys, as described in the current case, has not been previously reported in dogs.

Data resource profile: the Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) database.

Korean Community Health Status Indicators (K-CHSI) is a model-based database containing annual data on health outcomes and determinants at the municipal level (si/gun/gu-level regions, including mid-sized cities, counties, and districts). K-CHSI's health outcomes include overall mortality, disease incidence, prevalence rates, and self-reported health. Health determinants were measured in 5 domains: socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and the healthcare system. The data sources are 71 public databases, including Causes of Death Statistics, Cancer Registration Statistics, Community Health Survey, Population Census, and Census on Establishments and Statistics of Urban Plans. This dataset covers Korea's 17 metropolitan cities and provinces, with data from approximately 250 municipal regions (si/gun/gu). The current version of the database (DB version 1.3) was built using 12 years of data from 2008 to 2019. All data included in K-CHSI may be downloaded via the Korea Community Health Survey site, with no login requirement (https://chs.kdca.go.kr/chs/recsRoom/dataBaseMain.do). K-CHSI covers extensive health outcomes and health determinants at the municipal level over a period of more than 10 years, which enables ecological and time-series analyses of the relationships among various health outcomes and related factors.

Association between endotoxin levels in dust from indoor swine housing environments and the immune responses of pigs.

Indoor animal husbandry environments are inevitably contaminated with endotoxins. Endotoxin exposure is associated with various inflammatory illnesses in animals. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between the degree of endotoxin exposure and the cellular and humoral immune profiles of fattening pigs. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 47 pigs from ten pig farms in Korea. Whole blood cell counts and plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) classes were determined. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A for 48 h, and cytokines released into culture supernatants were measured. The barns in which the pigs lived were assessed for endotoxin levels in the total and respirable dust by using the limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic QCL method. Low and high endotoxin exposures were defined as ≤ 30 and ＞ 30 EU/m³, respectively. Compared to pigs with low endotoxin exposure (n = 19), highly exposed pigs (n = 28) had higher circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte (particularly B cells) counts, IgG and IgE levels, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin (IL)-4 productions, and lower IgA levels and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production. The IL-4, IFNγ, and TNFα levels significantly correlated with endotoxin level and/or pig age. Constant exposure of pigs to high levels of airborne endotoxins can lead to aberrant immune profiles.