Multifunctional Microneedle Patch with Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol for Potential Wound Dressing.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of skin wounds with diverse pathological characteristics presents significant challenges due to the limited specific and efficacy of current wound healing approaches. Microneedle (MN) patches incorporating bioactive and stimulus materials have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations and integrating bioactive materials with anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for advanced wound dressing. METHODS: We isolated diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) from Ishige okamurae and assessed its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects on macrophages and its antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes. Subsequently, we fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) MN patches containing DPHC at various concentrations (0-0.3%) (PDPHC MN patches) and evaluated their mechanical properties and biological effects using in vitro and in vivo models. RESUTLS: Our findings demonstrated that DPHC effectively inhibited nitric oxide production in macrophages and exhibited rapid bactericidal activity against C. acnes. The PDPHC MN patches displayed potent antibacterial effects without cytotoxicity. Moreover, in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-stimulated mouse model, the PDPHC MN patches significantly suppressed inflammatory response and cutaneous lichenification. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the PDPHC MN patches holds promise as a multifunctional wound dressing for skin tissue engineering, offering antibacterial properties and anti-inflammatory properties to promote wound healing process.

A literature review of bioactive substances for the treatment of periodontitis: In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the tooth that involves a complex interaction of microorganisms and various cell lines around the infected site. To prevent and treat this disease, several options are available, such as scaling, root planning, antibiotic treatment, and dental surgeries, depending on the stage of the disease. However, these treatments can have various side effects, including additional inflammatory responses, chronic wounds, and the need for secondary surgery. Consequently, numerous studies have focused on developing new therapeutic agents for more effective periodontitis treatment. This review explores the latest trends in bioactive substances with therapeutic effects for periodontitis using various search engines. Therefore, this study aimed to suggest effective directions for therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we provide a summary of the current applications and underlying mechanisms of bioactive substances, which can serve as a reference for the development of periodontitis treatments.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan hydrogel incorporating chitooligosaccharide-gentisic acid conjugate with antioxidant and antibacterial properties as a potential wound dressing.

The design and development of wound dressing with antioxidant and antibacterial properties to accelerate wound healing remain challenging. In this study, we synthesize a chitooligosaccharide-gentisic acid (COS-GSA) conjugate using the free-radical grafting method, and fabricate a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan (CH)/COS-GSA (PVA/CH/CG) hydrogel using a freeze-thaw method. We characterize the synthesized COS-GSA conjugates using through polyphenol assay, absorbance, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and evaluate their antioxidant properties. The COS-GSA conjugates are successfully synthesized and exhibit better antioxidant properties than pristine COSs. Subsequently, the fabricated hydrogel is characterized based on its morphological analysis, rheological properties, water contact angle, swelling, degradation, water retention properties, and COS-GSA release profiles. Finally, the biocompatibility of the fabricated hydrogel is evaluated on HDF and HaCaT cells through indirect and direct cytotoxicity. The PVA/CH/CG hydrogel exhibited significantly higher antioxidant properties (DPPH, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activities) and antibacterial activities (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) compared to other fabricated hydrogels such as PVA, PVA/CH, and PVA/CH/COS (PVA/CH/C). These results provide evidence that PVA/CH/CG hydrogels with antioxidant, antibacterial, and non-cytotoxic properties have great potential for wound-dressing applications.

Natural and synthetic molecules with potential to enhance biofilm formation and virulence properties in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can efficiently adapt to changing environmental conditions due to its ubiquitous nature, intrinsic/acquired/adaptive resistance mechanisms, high metabolic versatility, and the production of numerous virulence factors. As a result, P. aeruginosa becomes an opportunistic pathogen, causing chronic infection in the lungs and several organs of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Biofilm established by P. aeruginosa in host tissues and medical device surfaces has been identified as a major obstruction to antimicrobial therapy. P. aeruginosa is very likely to be closely associated with the various microorganisms in the host tissues or organs in a pathogenic or nonpathogenic behavior. Aside from host-derived molecules, other beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that either directly or indirectly favor the persistence of P. aeruginosa. Thus, it is critical to understand how P. aeruginosa interacts with different molecules and ions in the host and abiotic environment to produce extracellular polymeric substances and virulence factors. Thus, the current review discusses how various natural and synthetic molecules in the environment induce biofilm formation and the production of multiple virulence factors.

Ishophloroglucin A-based multifunctional oxidized alginate/gelatin hydrogel for accelerating wound healing.

This study investigated the potential applicability of wound dressing hydrogels for tissue engineering, focusing on their ability to deliver pharmacological agents and absorb exudates. Specifically, we explored the use of polyphenols, as they have shown promise as bioactive and cross-linking agents in hydrogel fabrication. Ishophloroglucin A (IPA), a polyphenol not previously utilized in tissue engineering, was incorporated as both a drug and cross-linking agent within the hydrogel. We integrated the extracted IPA, obtained through the utilization of separation and purification techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) into oxidized alginate (OA) and gelatin (GEL) hydrogels. Our findings revealed that the mechanical properties, thermal stability, swelling, and degradation of the multifunctional hydrogel can be modulated via intermolecular interactions between the natural polymer and IPA. Moreover, the controlled release of IPA endows the hydrogel with antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics. Overall, the wound healing efficacy, based on intermolecular interactions and drug potency, has been substantiated through accelerated wound closure and collagen deposition in an ICR mouse full-thickness wound model. These results suggest that incorporating IPA into natural polymers as both a drug and cross-linking agent has significant implications for tissue engineering applications.

Multifunctional Edible Oil-Impregnated Nanoporous Oxide Layer on AISI 304 Stainless Steel.

Slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) realized on commercial materials provides various functionalities, such as corrosion resistance, condensation heat transfer, anti-fouling, de/anti-icing, and self-cleaning. In particular, perfluorinated lubricants infused in fluorocarbon-coated porous structures have showed exceptional performances with durability; however, they caused several issues in safety, due to their difficulty in degradation and bio-accumulation. Here, we introduce a new approach to create the multifunctional lubricant-impregnated surface with edible oils and fatty acid, which are also safe to human body and degradable in nature. The edible oil-impregnated anodized nanoporous stainless steel surface shows a significantly low contact angle hysteresis and sliding angle, which is similar with general surface of fluorocarbon lubricant-infused systems. The edible oil impregnated in the hydrophobic nanoporous oxide surface also inhibits the direct contact of external aqueous solution to a solid surface structure. Due to such de-wetting property caused by a lubricating effect of edible oils, the edible oil-impregnated stainless steel surface shows enhanced corrosion resistance, anti-biofouling and condensation heat transfer with reduced ice adhesion.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence attenuation by inhibiting siderophore functions.

Pseudmonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium known to be ubiquitous and recognized as one of the leading causes of infections such as respiratory, urinary tract, burns, cystic fibrosis, and in immunocompromised individuals. Failure of antimicrobial therapy has been documented to be attributable due to the development of various resistance mechanisms, with a proclivity to develop additional resistance mechanisms rapidly. P. aeruginosa virulence attenuation is an alternate technique for disrupting pathogenesis without impacting growth. The iron-scavenging siderophores (pyoverdine and pyochelin) generated by P. aeruginosa have various properties like scavenging iron, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, increasing virulence, and toxicity to the host. As a result, developing an antivirulence strategy, specifically inhibiting the P. aeruginosa siderophore, has been a promising therapeutic option to limit their infection. Several natural, synthetic compounds and nanoparticles have been identified as potent inhibitors of siderophore production/biosynthesis, function, and transport system. The current review discussed pyoverdine and pyochelin's synthesis and transport system in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, it is also focused on the role of several natural and synthetic compounds in reducing P. aeruginosa virulence by inhibiting siderophore synthesis, function, and transport. The underlying mechanism involved in inhibiting the siderophore by natural and synthetic compounds has also been explained. KEY POINTS: • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen linked to chronic respiratory, urinary tract, and burns infections, as well as cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients. • P. aeruginosa produces two virulent siderophores forms: pyoverdine and pyochelin, which help it to survive in iron-deficient environments. • The inhibition of siderophore production, transport, and activity using natural and synthesized drugs has been described as a potential strategy for controlling P. aeruginosa infection.

Retrospective analysis of the key molecules involved in the green synthesis of nanoparticles.

Emerging nanotechnology leads to success in synthesizing and applying nanoparticles (NPs) using the green-chemistry approach. NPs synthesized using naturally derived materials are a potential alternative to chemical and physical methods because they are simple, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and lower the possibility of hazardous residues being released into the environment. Furthermore, NPs synthesized using the green synthesis approach are stable and biocompatible. However, because natural extracts contain a diverse spectrum of bioactive components, it is difficult to pinpoint the specific component involved in NP formation. Furthermore, the bioactive component contained in the extract changes based on a number of environmental factors; therefore, several studies began with the synthesis of NPs using a pure compound isolated from diverse natural sources. Hence, the present review paper makes an effort to retrospectively analyze the key compounds of the extracts which are responsible for the synthesis of the NPs. The analysis was carried out based on the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of NPs synthesized from either the extract or the pure compounds. These pure-compound-based NPs were studied for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. In addition, the present review also describes progress in the study of pure compound-based numerous biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of action.

Multifunctional dual cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol)/methacrylate hyaluronic acid/chitooligosaccharide-sinapic acid wound dressing hydrogel.

Wound dressing hydrogel with multifunctional properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and appropriate mechanical, biological, and physical properties is of great interest in wound healing application and it is still a challenge. In the present study, chitooligosaccharides (COS)/ sinapic acid (SA) conjugate (COS-SA) was synthesized using H2O2-induced grafting polymerization, and photo cross-linkable hyaluronic acid was synthesized using methacrilation (HAMA). The synthesis of COS-SA and HAMA was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and polyphenol assay. Subsequently, we developed duel cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/HAMA composite hydrogel encapsulated with COS-SA as an antioxidant and antimicrobial dressing for full-thickness wound healing application. The chemical, physical, mechanical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, in vitro biocompatibility, and in vivo wound healing properties of hydrogels were subsequently investigated. The results showed that the fabricated composite hydrogel had a uniform porous architecture, excellent fluid absorbability, and appropriate mechanical stability. The introduction of COSs-SA conjugate remarkably enhanced the in vitro biocompatibility, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the hydrogel, leading to the significant promotion of in vivo full-thickness wound closure, re-epithelization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition indicating that COSs-SA incorporated PVA/HAMA hydrogel wound dressing has significant potential for chronic wound healing application.

Enhanced wound-healing capability with inherent antimicrobial activities of usnic acid incorporated poly(ε-caprolactone)/decellularized extracellular matrix nanofibrous scaffold.

An extracellular matrix-mimicking, biodegradable tissue-engineered skin substitute with improved antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing capabilities is essential in skin tissue regeneration applications. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel biodegradable composite nanofibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds loaded with usnic acid (UA); (PEU), where UA is employed as an antibacterial agent as well as a wound-healing accelerator. The architecture and fiber structure of the scaffolds were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the results revealed that the average diameters decreased as the dECM content increased. The chemical composition, changes in the crystalline structure, homogeneity, and thermal stability of the nanofiber scaffolds with different material compositions were determined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The composite nanofibrous scaffolds exhibited strong antibacterial activity against various bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, and Cutibactrium acnes, and fungal pathogens (such as Candida albicans). Additionally, the composite nanofibrous scaffolds exhibited biofilm inhibition properties against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An evaluation of the appearance of in vivo full-thickness excisional wounds treated with the composite nanofiber scaffolds, as well as a histological analysis of the wounds 21 days after surgery, revealed that treatment with nanofibrous PEU scaffolds enhanced wound healing. This study reveals that the proposed composite nanofibrous PEU scaffold has substantial potential for treating infectious full-thickness wounds.

Marine-Bioinspired Nanoparticles as Potential Drugs for Multiple Biological Roles.

The increased interest in nanomedicine and its applicability for a wide range of biological functions demands the search for raw materials to create nanomaterials. Recent trends have focused on the use of green chemistry to synthesize metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles. Bioactive chemicals have been found in a variety of marine organisms, including invertebrates, marine mammals, fish, algae, plankton, fungi, and bacteria. These marine-derived active chemicals have been widely used for various biological properties. Marine-derived materials, either whole extracts or pure components, are employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles due to their ease of availability, low cost of production, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic cells. These marine-derived nanomaterials have been employed to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses as well as treat non-infectious diseases, such as tumors, cancer, inflammatory responses, and diabetes, and support wound healing. Furthermore, several polymeric materials derived from the marine, such as chitosan and alginate, are exploited as nanocarriers in drug delivery. Moreover, a variety of pure bioactive compounds have been loaded onto polymeric nanocarriers and employed to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases. The current review is focused on a thorough overview of nanoparticle synthesis and its biological applications made from their entire extracts or pure chemicals derived from marine sources.

Seaweed-Derived Phlorotannins: A Review of Multiple Biological Roles and Action Mechanisms.

Phlorotannins are a group of phenolic secondary metabolites isolated from a variety of brown algal species belonging to the Fucaceae, Sargassaceae, and Alariaceae families. The isolation of phlorotannins from various algal species has received a lot of interest owing to the fact that they have a range of biological features and are very biocompatible in their applications. Phlorotannins have a wide range of therapeutic biological actions, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenesis, and numerous other biomedical applications. The current review has extensively addressed the application of phlorotannins, which have been extensively investigated for the above-mentioned biological action and the underlying mechanism of action. Furthermore, the current review offers many ways to use phlorotannins to avoid certain downsides, such as low stability. This review article will assist the scientific community in investigating the greater biological significance of phlorotannins and developing innovative techniques for treating both infectious and non-infectious diseases in humans.

A phlorotannins-loaded homogeneous acellular matrix film modulates post-implantation inflammatory responses.

Peritendinous adhesion mainly occurs between proliferating fibrous tissues and adjacent normal organs after surgery. Many physical barriers are applied to the implanted site to prevent peritendinous adhesion. However, these barriers often trigger inflammatory responses. Therefore, our study sought to develop phlorotannins-loaded cartilage acellular matrix (CAM) films as a physical barrier and investigate their inhibitory effect on inflammatory responses, which are associated with the induction of postoperative peritendinous adhesion (PAA). Our findings indicated that incorporating phlorotannin into the CAM film did not affect its unique characteristics including its thermal and spectroscopic properties. Moreover, the phlorotannins-loaded CAM films suppressed the expression of inflammatory mediators on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated using Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides and exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Therefore, our results highlight the potential of phlorotannins-loaded CAM films as a promising physical barrier to prevent PAA.

Bactericidal effect of ultraviolet C light-emitting diodes: Optimization of efficacy toward foodborne pathogens in water.

The elimination of bacterial pathogens from water using ultraviolet C light-emitting diodes (UVC-LEDs) is a critical technology in terms of hygiene and sanitation. This technology has several advantages, such as low energy consumption, no heating requirements, and high effectiveness. Although several studies have reported the bactericidal effect of UVC-LEDs, little information is available on their bactericidal effect on water reservoirs contaminated with microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimize the bactericidal effects of UVC-LED irradiation, particularly at a wavelength of 278 nm, against major foodborne gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. The efficiency of the bactericidal effect of UVC-LED irradiation was determined based on three variables: exposure time (A, 0-60 min), stirring speed (B, 0-100 rpm), and volume of water (C, 400-1200 mL). To optimize the conditions, the operation of the designed model and results analysis were carried out using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface method (RSM). The final conditions optimized for an effective bactericidal activity included a 60 min exposure time, a 100 rpm stirring speed, and 400 mL of liquid volume. Furthermore, the validation of the optimized model using the predicted values was calculated by the program, which was conducted by matching the actual values within standard deviations. The present study revealed that the optimization of a UVC-LED irradiation model is a promising approach for effectively controlling the contamination of water reservoirs by bacterial pathogens.

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Property of Mandillo, Crassocephalum macropappum (Sch.Bip. ex. A.Rich.) S.Moore.

The object of this study was to analyze the major bioactive components and to evaluate biological activity of Mandillo [Crassocephalum macropappum (Sch.Bip. ex. A.Rich.) S. Moore], an Ethiopian endemic herbaceous plant. The stem, leaf, and aerial parts of this plant were separately extracted using different solvents before which various biological assays were performed. The ethanolic extract of aerial part showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (101.48 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and 293.25 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively). Interestingly, a phytochemical screening assay revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the aerial part. The aerial part was also shown to have a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl scavenging potential (IC50≤100 µg/mL) and a promising protective activity against oxidative DNA damage. Thus, the results of the present study reveal Mandillo contains highly bioactive components, and these properties may be as an antioxidant and to prevent oxidative DNA damage.

Antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of chitosan-polypyrrole nanocomposites to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen which exhibits its property of pathogenesis due to several factors, including the formation of biofilm and production of several virulence factors. Development of resistance properties against antibiotics leads to the discovery of certain alternative strategies to combat its pathogenesis. In the present study, a highly stable, biocompatible and water soluble nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized from chitosan (CS) and the polypyrrole (PPy). The resultant chitosan-polypyrrole nanocomposites (CS-PPy NCs) inhibit the establishment of biofilm and also eradicate the preformed matured biofilm formed by P. aeruginosa. CS-PPy NCs inhibit the hemolytic and protease activities of P. aeruginosa. The NCs significantly reduce the production of many virulence factors such as pyocyanin, pyroverdine and rhamnolipid. CS-PPy NCs also suppress the bacterial motility such as swimming and swarming. The present study showed that highly stable CS-PPy NCs act as a potent antibiofilm and antivirulence drug for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection.

Cellular properties of the fermented microalgae Pavlova lutheri and its isolated active peptide in osteoblastic differentiation of MG­63 cells.

Fermented microalgae Pavlova lutheri (P. lutheri), the product of Hansenula polymorpha fermentation, exhibited an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MG­63 osteoblastic cells when compared to that of non­fermented P. lutheri. Fractionation of the fermented P. lutheri resulted in identification of the active peptide [peptide of P. lutheri fermentation (PPLF)] with the sequence of EPQWFL. PPLF significantly increased ALP release from MG­63 cells and mineralization in a dose­dependent manner. In addition, the intracellular levels of ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) proteins were augmented by PPLF treatment. To identify the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PPLF on osteoblastic differentiation, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen­activated protein kinases, p38, extracellular signal­regulated kinases 1/2 and Jun, and nuclear factor (NF)­κB were determined following PPLF treatment and the differences in expression were analyzed using p38 and NF­κB selective inhibitors. These results concluded that PPLF from fermented P. lutheri induced osteoblastic differentiation by increasing ALP and OCN release in MG­63 cells via the p38/p65 signaling pathway, indicating that PPLF supplement may be effective for therapeutic application in the field of bone health.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitory effects of an octameric oligopeptide isolated from abalone Haliotis discus hannai.

Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) is a marine gastropod, and an important fishery and food industrial resource that is massively maricultured in Asia, Africa, Australia and America. However, its health benefits have rarely been studied for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical application. In this study, the purified abalone oligopeptide (AOP) with anti-matrix metalloproteinases (anti-MMPs) effects was isolated from the digests of abalone intestine using recycle HPLC with a JAI W253 column and an OHpak SB-803 HQ column. The AOP was identified as Ala-Glu-Leu-Pro-Ser-Leu-Pro-Gly (MW=782.4 Da) with a de novo peptide sequencing technique using a tandem mass spectrometer. The AOP exhibited a specific inhibitory effect against MMP-2/-9 activity and attenuated protein expression of p50 and p65 in the human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells, dose-dependently. The results presented illustrate that the AOP could inhibit MMP-2/-9 expression in HT1080 cells via the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB)-mediated pathway. This data suggest that the AOP from H. discus hannai intestine may possess therapeutic and preventive potential for the treatment of MMPs-related disorders such as angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases.

Protective effect of phlorotannins from Eisenia bicyclis against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in HepG2 cells.

In this study, four bioactive phloroglucinol derivates including phloroglucinol (1), eckol (2), dioxinodehydroeckol (3), and dieckol (4) were isolated from Eisenia bicyclis and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was investigated on human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It was demonstrated that LPS can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the expression of inflammatory mediators as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) from HepG2 cells. Among isolated compounds, compound (1) exhibited significant inhibition on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in HepG2 cells without any cytotoxicity. Herein, compound (1) suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Thus, these results indicated that phlorotannins isolated from E. bicyclis, especially compound (1), can be used as a beneficial source for preventing and treating inflammation response.

Radio-protective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Lactobacillus brevis-fermented Ecklonia cava.

We investigated the radioprotective effects of a polysaccharide isolated from enzymatic extracts of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) fermented by fungi and bacteria. We identified that the aqueous extract of the Lactobacillus brevis-fermented E. cava especially showed the highest proliferation effect. In addition, the enzymatic extract prepared by enzyme-assisted extraction using Viscozyme (VLFE) significantly increased cell proliferation. Further study indicated that the polysaccharides isolated from the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE (VLFEP) significantly enhanced survival and proliferation effects in γ-ray-irradiated cells. Also, VLFEP markedly reduced the DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species, and the percentage of Sub-G(1) DNA contents caused by γ-ray-irradiation. Moreover, VLFEP modulated the expression levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 via inhibition of IκBα degradation and phosphorylation and NFκB p65 translocation into nuclei. These results demonstrate that VLFEP has radioprotective properties including the modulation of apoptosis via the inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway.