[The precursors of N-nitroso compounds in the drinking water and digestive system malignancy morbidity rates in Tashkent].

The authors have studied a correlation between the intake of the precursors of N-nitroso compounds from drinking water in Tashkent residents and the digestive malignancy morbidity rates. With the average urban value of 4.1-6.6 mg/l, the drinking water levels of nitrates are found to vary in different administrative districts of Tashkent: the highest values (range 73-20.3 mg/l) are annually recorded in the Khamzin and Yakkasaray districts and the lowest ones (1.0-1.4 mg/l) in the Yunusabad, Shaikhantakhur, Mirzo-ulugbek, and Uchtepin districts. There is a direct average correlation (r = 0.5-0.6) between the intake of nitrates and the digestive malignancy morbidity rates in the majority of administrative districts of the city and a high one (r = 0.7-0.9) when the values are compared, by taking into account the 3-5 year delay effect.

[Ambient air benzo(a)pyrene and its role in the formation of cancer morbidity in Tashkent].

The ambient air benz(a)pyrene concentration was found to be greatly variable in Tashkent in 1985 to 2005. A high correlation was established between the ambient air content of benz(a)pyrene and the rate of primary malignancy morbidity. The findings show it necessary to monitor the level of benz(a)pyrene in the ambient air of Tashkent.

[Growth suppression of transplantable tumors in experimental animals given soya proteins].

The development of a malignant process and antitumor treatment leads to the occurrence of a variety of complications. It is expedient to use biological regulators of natural origin to eliminate the side effect of chemical drugs and to improve the outcomes of antitumor therapy. The antitumor effect of soya proteins and their influence on antibody formation and oxidative processes in the sera of tumor-bearing animals were investigated. Soya proteins are shown to retard the development of a tumorous process, modulate the therapeutic effect of 5-fluorouracil, enhance antibody formation, and normalize serum oxidative processes.

[Dynamics of free-radical oxidation processes in transplantable sarcoma-45 as indicator of tumor and body interaction].

Induced chemoluminescence was used for 30 days to measure lipids peroxidation in transplantable sarcoma-45 homogenates in 83 noninbred male rats. It was found that tumor/body interaction can be interpreted in terms of free-radical oxidation processes taking place in tumor tissue. In the middle of the experiment, the kinetics of chemoluminescence soared up which was accompanied by slight increase in tumor mass. Later on, tumor growth involved a rise in antioxidant enzyme levels which is supposedly accounted for by the expression of the genes responsible for the rate of antioxidant reactions in general. That increase resulted in uncontrollable growth of tumor.

[Microbiological degradation of benz(a)pyrene in soil].

Several microbial clones that could grow on the benz(a)pyrene medium were identified from the soils contaminated with petroleum products. It was shown that benz(a)pyrene could be degraded by the obtained cultures that selectively utilized the carcinogenic molecules of benz(a)pyrene in the presence of other sources of carbohydrate. The authors give recommendations on the biodestruction of benz(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under natural conditions in order to improve the oncoecological situation.

[Lipid peroxidation and tumor dimensions in stomach cancer]. / Zavisimost' perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri reake zheludka ot razmerov opukholi.

The parameters of lipid peroxidation were examined in blood serum of 40 patients with stomach cancer by induced chemiluminescence (CL)--Republican Research Center of Oncology, Healthcare Ministry of Uzbekistan. The CL parameters were demonstrated to increase alongside with the growing tumor mass. The induced CL of blood serum characterizes the status of lipid peroxidation and is a direct reflection of the body's reaction to tumor growth. The method of induced CL can be used on in clinical practice as an additional diagnostic test describing the tumor growth course in stomach cancer.

[Kinetics of free-radical oxidation of blood serum as an indicator of tumor effect on organism]. / Kinetika svobodno-radikal'nogo okisleniia syvorotki krovi kak pokazatel' vliianiia opukholi na organizm.

The experiments were made with 83 outbred male rats with transplanted sarcoma-45. The method of initiated chemiluminescence (CL) was used to measure the parameters of blood-serum lipid peroxidation in the animals. The index of free-radical blood-serum lipid peroxidation was shown to reflect in rats the tumor-body ratio. Initially, the kinetic parameters of induced CL were significantly increasing, which was accompanied by a minor remission of the tumor volume. The subsequent stages of tumor growth were associated with increasing, parameters in the studied enzymes' activity, which is apparently related with the expression of genes crucial for the body's antioxidant properties. This enables the tumor cells to escape the monitoring of non-specific cellular immunity with the result being an uncontrollable tumor-volume growth.

[Peroxidation of serum lipids in patients with breast cancer]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov syvorotki krovi bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

Parameters of chemiluminescence of lipid peroxidation (LP), induced by hydrogen peroxide in the blood serum of oncology patients (n = 60), were examined in the process of their combined therapy. During the dynamic observations, complete correlations were found between the peculiarities of manifestations and of the clinical course of the tumor process, the level of free-radical LP and the antioxidants of blood serum. A comprehensive assessment of all mentioned indices can be used to monitor the efficiency of a conducted therapy.

[Methods for purifying emissions in the boilers of thermoelectric plants from benz(a)pyrene]. / Metody ochistki vybrosov kotloagregatov GRES ot benz(a)pirena.

The researchers of the Republican Cancer Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been monitoring the levels of the carcinogenic agent benz(a)pyrene (B(a)P) in the emissions by thermoelectric plants. Measuring has indicated that the effluent levels of B(a)P are related to the type of fuel put in the boilers and to the parameters of their use. The burning of gas in the furnaces results in air emissions of B(a)P at concentrations of as high as 50 ng/m3 and that of coal does as high as 300 ng/m3. Addition of fuel oil to coal or gas burning elevates the levels of B(a)P up to 450 and 180 ng/m3, respectively. Greater oxygen feed in the furnaces of boilers and their use at the maximum capacities (loads) cause a decrease in B(a)P in the waste gases. Recommendations on the optimum regimens of exploitation factors are given to lower environmental B(a)P levels, which must in turn reduce the incidence of cancer diseases.

[Levels of cadmium, lead and copper in inhabitants of Tashkent and Tashkent region]. / Soderzhanie kadmiia, svintsa i medi v organizme zhitelei Tashkenta i Tashkentskoi oblasti.

The authors propose a rapid and selective method for inverse volta amperometric determination of the levels of cadmium, lead, and copper in blood and hair in microgram/kg. The method requires small blood volumes and no expensive anticoagulants.

[Evaluation of the level of cancerogenic waste in energetics and calculation of its effect on air pollution]. / Opredelenie urovnia kantserogennykh vybrosov predpriiatii teploénergetiki i raschët ikh vklada v zagriaznenie atmosfernogo vozdukha.

Investigations showed that heat plants pollute atmospheric air in towns of Khabarovsk district. Concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in air of Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and Amursk are 4-14 times higher than its maximum allowable concentration.