Joint venture surgery of a giant inguinoscrotal hernia in a patient suffering from trisomy 21 and Eisenmenger's syndrome.

A 44-year-old man with Trisomy 21 and Eisenmenger's syndrome underwent surgery due to a life-threatening scrotal hernia, containing the bladder, bilateral hydroceles and part of the sigmoid colon. Joint venture plastic and urologic surgery was performed with reposition of the bladder and sigmoid colon into the abdominal cavity, bilateral inguinal hernial mesh repair, left sided orchiectomy, excision of bilateral hydroceles and excision of a major part of the scrotum and recreation of the original anatomy of the penis and scrotum. This Case presents a successful outcome achieved as the patient after one-step-surgery was left to normal condition.

Syringocele: a retrospective study and review of the literature.

Background: A syringocele is a cystic dilation of the ducts from the bulbourethral glands located in the bulbous part of the male urethra. It is a rare condition primarily reported in children and young adults. The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic pattern and management strategy in patients of all ages diagnosed with syringocele.Methods: A retrospective review of patients with syringocele in the period 2004-2018 was performed. Age at diagnosis, primary symptoms, the diagnostic modalities used, treatments and effects were registered.Results: In the period, 19 patients with syringoceles were identified, eight children and 11 adults. The majority of the patients presented with obstructive voiding symptoms. All patients underwent cystourethroscopy. Supplementary diagnostics as voiding cystourethrography, retrograde urethrography, uroflowmetry, magnetic resonance imaging or transrectal ultrasonography were used inconsistently. Sixteen of the patients underwent marsupialization, one child underwent open excision and two patients were managed conservatively. Three of the children were re-operated on with endoscopic marsupialization. One of the adult patients did not respond to marsupialization and was treated with and vesico-appendico-cutaneostomy.Discussion: A review of the case reports published in the period 1996-2018 was performed and compared to these results. This review found 77 cases, 50 children and 27 adults. The reported symptoms, diagnostics and treatments were in line with the findings of this study.Conclusions: Based on these findings and the literature it is recommended that syringoceles should be diagnosed by cystourethroscopy and urethrography. Patients with symptomatic syringoceles should be offered treatment. First line treatment is endoscopic marsupialization.

Urinary diversion in the treatment of refractory bladder pain syndrome.

Objectives: This study investigates the effect of urinary division in patients with bladder pain syndrome (BPS) refractory to conservative treatment. This study aimed to identify pre-operative predictive factors regarding the surgical outcome in patients undergoing urinary diversion with or without cystectomy (CX).Methods and patients: This study included 30 patients with BPS treated with a urinary diversion in the period from 2002-2017 at a single university hospital. The surgical procedure was selected on an individual basis, including both continent and non-continent diversions and primary procedure with or without concomitant CX. Pre- and post-operative data were registered retrospectively through medical chart review.Results: Eight patients were treated with primary CX and eight had secondary CX within a short time following urinary diversion (1.45 years in median), mainly due to persisting pain. However, more than half the patients were successfully treated with urinary diversion alone throughout the follow-up period (estimated 58% after 12 years). Nine patients were prior to surgery diagnosed with Hunner's lesions, and these had significantly greater pain relief compared to the remaining 21 patients (p = 0.02). The higher success rate of the bladder-preserving procedure was suggested in patients older than 48 years (p = 0.09) with less pain pre-operatively, estimated by less than three opioids prior to the procedure (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Surgical treatment with urinary diversion should be taken into consideration for refractory BPS, especially patients diagnosed with Hunner's lesions. These results support a bladder-preserving strategy unless the patient is young or has severe treatment refractory pain pre-operative.

[Neurogenic autonomic dysfunction in adults].

Neurogenic autonomic dysfunction (NAD) is underdiagnosed, and it is likely in patients, who have orthostatic hypotension and symptoms from multiple organ systems as well as abnormal results from a neurological examination. A clinical and neurophysiological examination of the autonomic nervous system combined with a standardised paraclinical evaluation should be performed. NAD may be present in neurodegenerative disorders, vitamin deficiency, toxicity, infection, and in paraneoplastic, metabolic, hereditary and immune-mediated conditions.

[Neurogenic autonomic dysfunction in primary amyliodosis].

Neurogenic autonomic dysfunction (NAD) and polyneuropathy occur in common conditions like diabetes and alcoholism. However, it can also be seen in rare diseases like in this case report of amyloid light-chain amyloidosis: primary amyloidosis. A 56-year-old man presented with polyneuropathy, a sympathetic dysfunction causing orthostatic intolerance, syncope, parasympathetic dysfunction and involvement of the enteric nervous system. The report illustrates, that routine screening can be insufficient in diagnosing amyloidosis. NAD and polyneuropathy without clear aetiology may require a multidisciplinary elucidation of more rare diseases.

Contralateral testicular cancer despite negative biopsy 30 months earlier.

Contralateral testis biopsy in patients with unilateral testis germ cell cancer is a controversial topic. We present a case of a young male who develops a second testis germ cell cancer despite negative biopsy 30 months earlier. A review of the newest studies and the Scandinavian and European guidelines concerning contralateral testis biopsy is performed.

Flow-evoked vasodilation is blunted in penile arteries from Zucker diabetic fatty rats.

INTRODUCTION: Endothelium-derived relaxing factors such as nitric oxide (NO), prostanoids, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are thought to play an important role in vasodilation of penile arteries. AIM: The present study investigated the mechanisms involved in flow- and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in penile arteries, and whether acetylcholine- and flow-mediated vasodilation is altered in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, it was addressed whether enhanced myogenic tone may explain impaired flow-evoked vasodilation in arteries from ZDF rats. METHODS: Penile dorsal arteries obtained from lean control and ZDF rats were suspended in a pressure myograph, and flow- and acetylcholine-evoked vasodilation was measured as changes in arterial diameter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes in penile arterial diameter. RESULTS: Incubation with an inhibitor of NO synthase, asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA), and of cyclooxygenase, indomethacin, reduced acetylcholine but not flow-evoked vasodilation in penile arteries, while both responses were abolished by endothelial cell removal. Iberiotoxin, a blocker of large-conductance calcium-activated K+ (BK(Ca) ) channels, inhibited flow-evoked vasodilation. Flow-evoked vasodilation was reduced in arteries from ZDF rats in the absence, but not in the presence, of indomethacin plus ADMA. Elevation of intraluminal pressure increased myogenic tone, which was reduced in arteries from ZDF rats. CONCLUSION: The present findings show that flow evokes endothelium-dependent EDHF-type vasodilation involving BK(Ca) channels in penile arteries. Flow-evoked vasodilation is reduced and only of EDHF-type in penile arteries from type 2 diabetic rats suggesting modulation of this pathway may restore endothelial function and preserve erection in diabetes.

[Urinary incontinence after prostatic surgery]. / Inkontinens efter prostatektomi.

The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence after prostatic surgery for benign disease is 0-2% and 5-35% after surgery for malignant disease. After radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer spontaneous improvement of stress incontinence occurs up to 1 year after surgery. Medical treatment with doloxetine (a serotonine-noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitor) and minimal invasive treatments like urethral bulking and male sling procedures are only effective against minor stress incontinence. Implantation of artificial urethral sphincter prosthesis remains gold standard for effective treatment and lasting effect.

Non-Fournier's gangrene of the penis: Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Dry gangrene of the penis due to ischaemia is a rare condition. In cases previously reported in the literature, the aetiology was end-stage renal failure in combination with severe arteriosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. We present herein two cases of dry gangrene of the penis with two different aetiologies.

Patient and partner satisfaction with the Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the satisfaction level of patients and partners after implantation of a Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 46 patients who had been operated on for ED with implantation of a Mentor Alpha-1 IPP. The investigation was designed to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of the questionnaires were returned. Sexual desire had not changed but the quality of sexual activity had significantly improved. Acceptance by the partner was good. Overall satisfaction among both patients and partners was high. In total, 95% of patients said that they would recommend the procedure to other patients in the same situation. CONCLUSIONS: Patient and partner satisfaction with the Mentor Alpha-1 IPP was high, with the exception of the minority of patients who experienced unacceptable complications. Infection and mechanical failure are important risks which patients should be informed of before agreeing to implantation surgery.

Clinical experience with the Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis: report on 65 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complications and prosthesis survival associated with implantation of the Mentor Alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between August 1995 and March 2003, 65 patients underwent implantation of a Mentor Alpha-1 IPP at the Urological Departments of Skejby or Aalborg University Hospitals. Patient data were obtained retrospectively from medical files. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 96 months (median 48.5 months). Twenty-one patients (32%) experienced complications that required revision. The majority of complications consisted of mechanical problems, but infection was also a large contributor to the complication rate. Seven patients (11%) had the prosthesis permanently removed due to infection. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 5-year prosthesis survival rates with and without successful revisions due to complications were 88% and 63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Mentor Alpha-1 IPP is an efficient treatment for ED in situations where less invasive therapy has failed. The risk of infection or mechanical failure must not be ignored. Patients should be informed of this risk before agreeing to implantation surgery.