Dynamics of the content of reactive oxygen species and the state of the glutathione system in the oral cavity during subchronic intoxication wuth the fungicide thiram and its antioxidant correction.

Thiram is a dithiocarbamate derivative, which is used as a fungicide for seed dressing and spraying during the vegetation period of plants, and also as an active vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber-based rubber products. In this study the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the state of the glutathione system have been investigated in the oral fluid and gum tissues of adult male Wistar rats treated with thiram for 28 days during its administration with food at a dose of 1/50 LD50. Thiram induced formation of ROS in the oral cavity; this was accompanied by an imbalance in the ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione due to a decrease in glutathione and an increase in its oxidized form as compared to the control. Thiram administration caused an increase in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase). However, the time-course of enzyme activation in the gum tissues and oral fluid varied in dependence on the time of exposure to thiram. In the oral fluid of thiram-treated rats changes in the antioxidant glutathione system appeared earlier. The standard diet did not allow the glutathione pool to be fully restored to physiological levels after cessation of thiram intake. The use of exogenous antioxidants resviratrol and an Echinacea purpurea extract led to the restoration of redox homeostasis in the oral cavity.

[Ten-year experience with the use of laser in surgical endoscopy in cancer patients]. / Opyt 10-letnego ispol'zovaniia lazernogo apparata v operativnoi éndoskopii u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The calculation data are presented on a critical temperature area (45-60 deg. C) located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, following exposure to continuous laser radiation (1.06(m). Positive clinical results were reported on the use of the fiber-type modification of the continuous 250W YAG:ND laser in the treatment of 217 patients with benign, malignant tumors and cicatricial strictures in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, trachea or bronchus.

[Use of 250 W YAG-Nd laser in endoscopic surgical treatment of cancer patients]. / Ispol'zovanie 250 Wt YAG:Nd-lazera v éndoskopicheskoi khirurgii u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

The clinical use of a fiber-laser device based on continuous 250-W YAG-Nd laser allows the pathological tissue to be treated by exposure in various energy regimens, from its coagulation to intensive evaporation; the conditions of treatment created in this case for the patient are more comfortable than those with the use of less powerful laser devices. The elaboration and manufacturing of a new design for guiding the beam into a fiber wave guide with a light-guiding lead of 600 and more microns in accordance with the model of the used endoscope even without gas injection ensures reliable functioning of the fiber-laser device. Overheating of the in put and out put ends of the fiber wave guide in exploitation at large power regimens is excluded despite soiling of the distal end of the wave guide which is inevitable during the operation.

[Effects of continuous laser irradiation with crater formation on the tissues of the digestive tract]. / Vozdeistvie nepreryvnym lazernym izlucheniem v rezhime krateroobrazovaniia na tkani pishchevaritel'nogo trakta.

Experiments on operative tissues of the small and large intestine showed that energy density of the order of 1,000 J/cm2 was necessary for heating the biological tissue to yield crater formation. A laser method was developed for forming a canal in the neoplastic tissue obstructing the digestive tract.

[Effect of catamine AB on the generative function and chromosome apparatus of the bone marrow cells in white rats]. / Vliianie katamina AB na generativnuiu funktsiiu i khromosomnyi apparat kletok kostnogo mozga belykkh krys.

In a chronic experiment (6 months) performed on non-inbred white rats effect of cationic superficially active substance catamin AB on the structure and function of male and female gonads, state of the offspring and on the chromosome apparatus of the bone marrow cells has been studied. The preparation is intragastrically injected in doses 10, 1, 0.1 mg/kg. Catamin AB in the dose of 10 mg/kg produces an essential decrease in the specific mass of the testes, reduce in the spermatogenic index, increase in the canaliculi number with exfoliated epithelium, lowered mobility and diminished amount of alive spermatozoa. In the ovary amount of mature follicles becomes less and the number of atresic corpuscles and atresing follicles rises; plethora of the medullary substance occurs in the organ with signs of stasis in the venous bed. In the dose 1 mg/kg catamin AB results in less pronounced changes in the testes and does not produce any pathological disturbances in the ovaries. The preparation does not influence on mating in the test animals, but in the dose 10 mg/kg results in a decreasing fertility because of pre- and postimplantational death of embryos. The changes mentioned are connected with a total toxical effect of the preparation. Catamin AB does not possess any mutagenic effect in the doses tested.

[Fiber light guide-catheter for laser irradiation]. / Volokonnyi svetovod-kateter dlia lazernogo izlucheniia.

A laser catheter with fibre optic light guide for surgery is developed. As experimental studies have shown, the laser power at the catheter output was more than 70 Wt. The catheter may operate with both flexible and rigid endoscopes and may be used for coagulation of hemorrhages and destruction of neoplasms.

[Status and future developments of laser equipment with fiber light guides for medical endoscopy]. / Sostoianie i perspektivy razvitiia lazernykh ustroistv s volokonnymi svetovodam dlia meditsinskoi éndoskopii.

Presented in the paper are the review and analysis of published works on application of laser devices with fibre optic light guides in endoscopy. A Soviet laser device with the fibre optic light guide is developed for endoscopic procedures during surgery. Some future trends in developing the laser devices for diagnosis, therapy and surgery are discussed.

[Possibilities of using lasers in medical endoscopy]. / Vozmozhnosti primeniia lazerov v meditsinskoi éndoskopii.

The article presents a review and analysis of publications dealing with laser use in endoscopy. Construction of light guides and laser-endoscope models are discussed intended for bleeding coagulation, neoplasm destruction and stimulation of regenerative processes in pathologically changed tissues.