Discordance between ABC blood phenotype and genotype in a domestic short-haired cat.

An adult domestic short-haired feline leukemia virus-infected cat was referred for kidney failure and worsening anemia requiring transfusions. ABC blood typing was performed with an immunochromatographic strip assay at different occasions. Gel column systems were used for the major and minor crossmatching tests, and anti-A and anti-B titers were determined. No discrete A or B bands appeared on the immunochromatographic strips at any time point for the recipient cat. The recipient's plasma agglutinated RBCs from tested type A and B cats. The recipient's RBCs appeared compatible with plasma from 1 type A and 2 B donors, and incompatible with plasma from another type A cat. Genotyping of recipient blood revealed a single homozygous c.179G>T CMAH variant predicting a blood type B. These studies suggest an unusual weak type B or missing all ABC antigens. The latter resembles the exceedingly rare Bombay phenotype in the human ABO blood group system.

Jackson-Henderson technique for the revision surgery following PDA rupture in a dog.

A 3-month-old female intact Maltese dog, was referred for further investigation and management of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), which was diagnosed with a grade V murmur during thoracic auscultation and a palpable thrill in the left third intercostal space during routine vaccination. Echocardiographic findings included left ventricle dilatation, high velocity continuous ductal flow in the pulmonary valve and a patent ductus arteriosus. Hematological and biochemical abnormalities were not detected. A left forth intercostal thoracotomy was performed and during dissection, the medial wall of the duct was perforated resulting in hemorrhage. Digital pressure was applied over the ductus and bleeding ceased. An attempt for further dissection aggravated bleeding so it was decided to abandon surgery and to reoperate the dog using a different technique. Three months after surgery a second procedure was scheduled. A Jackson-Henderson technique was chosen for the ductus ligation, which was completed through a left fourth intercostal thoracotomy and the dog was discharged 2 days postoperatively. The dog was reexamined at 2 and 8 months after surgery and found with no clinical evidence of heart disease. In conclusion the Jackson-Henderson technique was used in the second surgery for closure of the ductus in order to avoid dissection of the medial aspect of the ductus, where adhesions were formed and the dog was free of clinical signs of heart disease 2 and 8 months postoperatively.

Hereditary methemoglobinemia in a cyanotic cat presented for ovariohysterectomy.

A 1-year-old, female, domestic shorthair cat with a history of cyanotic mucous membranes for several months was referred for ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples exhibited a noticeably brownish discoloration, while laboratory screening revealed mild-to-moderate erythrocytosis and near normal partial arterial oxygen pressure. Blood methemoglobin content was 41% of total hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocytic methemoglobin reductase activity was < 1% compared with control samples. A diagnosis of hereditary methemoglobinemia was established. After an intravenous injection of methylene blue, the cat's mucous membranes became transiently pink, and the ovariohysterectomy was uneventful. Methylene blue may have improved safety during anesthesia and surgery. Hereditary methemoglobinemia should be considered in persistently cyanotic cats with normal partial arterial oxygen pressure and lack of evidence of cardiopulmonary disease, anemia, or toxin exposure.

Méthémoglobinémie héréditaire chez une chatte cyanotique présentée pour une ovariohystérectomie. Une chatte domestique âgée de 1 an avec une anamnèse de muqueuses cyanotiques pendant plusieurs mois a été recommandée pour l'ovariohystérectomie. Des prélèvements sanguins présentaient une décoloration brune manifeste tandis que les tests de laboratoire ont révélé une érythrocytose de légère à modérée et une pression d'oxygène artérielle partielle presque normale. Le contenu de méthémoglobine sanguine était de 41 % de la concentration totale des hémoglobines et l'activité de la réductase de la méthémoglobine érythrocytaire était < 1 % comparativement aux prélèvements témoins. Un diagnostic de méthémoglobinémie héréditaire a été posé. Après une injection intraveineuse de bleu de méthylène, les muqueuses du chat sont devenues provisoirement roses et l'ovariohystérectomie a été réalisée sans complications. Le bleu de méthylène peut avoir amélioré l'innocuité durant l'anesthésie et la chirurgie.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Efficacy of rifampicin in the treatment of experimental acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of rifampicin in achieving clinical and haematological recovery and clearing infection in dogs with experimentally induced acute monocytic ehrlichiosis. METHODS: Five Ehrlichia canis-infected Beagle dogs were treated with rifampicin (10 mg/kg/24 h orally for 3 weeks), nine E. canis-infected dogs received no treatment (infected untreated dogs) and two dogs served as uninfected controls. Clinical score, platelet counts, immunofluorescent antibody titres and PCR detection of E. canis-specific DNA in blood, bone marrow and spleen aspirates were evaluated on post-inoculation days 21 (start of rifampicin), 42 (end of rifampicin) and 98 (end of the study). RESULTS: By day 21 post-inoculation, all infected dogs became clinically ill and thrombocytopenic, seroconverted and were PCR positive in at least one tissue. Clinical scores and antibody titres did not differ between the treated and infected untreated dogs throughout the study. The rifampicin-treated dogs experienced an earlier resolution of their thrombocytopenia (Kaplan-Meier survival plot, P=0.048), and the median platelet counts were significantly higher in the treated compared with the infected untreated dogs on post-inoculation days 42 (P=0.0233) and 98 (P=0.0195). At the end of the study, three treated and six untreated infected dogs remained PCR positive in one tissue each. CONCLUSIONS: The rifampicin treatment regimen applied in this study hastened haematological recovery, but was inconsistent in eliminating the acute E. canis infection.

Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in naturally occurring myelosuppressive and non-myelosuppressive canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.

The aim of this study was to determine whether serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration measured on admission was associated with the clinical severity of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and was predictive of clinical outcome (death or survival) in dogs naturally infected with Ehrlichia canis. Serum cTnI concentration was compared among 22 dogs with non-myelosuppressive ehrlichiosis (NME), 22 dogs with myelosuppressive ehrlichiosis (ME) and 10 healthy dogs. Unlike healthy dogs, 45.5% NME and 59.1% ME dogs had increased cTnI concentrations. There was no difference in the frequency of cTnI increase or mean cTnI concentrations between the NME and ME groups, whereas mean cTnI concentration was significantly lower in healthy dogs. No association was established between cTnI concentration on admission and clinical outcome.

Clinical, histopathological and therapeutic considerations in a flock of sheep with facial staphylococcal-associated dermatitis.

In a flock of 290 sheep, a total of 20 ewes (6.9%) with an age range of 1.5-4 years, developed a nonpruritic dermatitis characterized by alopecia/hypotrichosis, erythema, hyperpigmentation, crusting, superficial ulcers, exudation and thickening of the skin that was localized mainly to the peri-ocular area. Frequent and massive feeding of swarming sucking flies on the lesional sites was witnessed. In every instance (n = 6), Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the exudate and the aseptically obtained skin biopsy samples from both recurrent and new cases. The main predisposing factor was the presence of small troughs, which forced the sheep to compete for food. Intramuscular administration of cefalexin for 7 days resulted in the resolution of lesions over a 2-week period. No further cases or recurrences were seen over the 16-month follow-up period. The main histopathological feature of this skin disease was a superficial and deep, perivascular to interstitial eosinophilic and mononuclear dermatitis.