[Cholesterol-modified anti-MDR1 small interfering RNA: uptake and biological activity].

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are considered to be potent agents for specific gene silencing, but troubles in delivery of siRNA into cells limit their biomedical application. An accumulation of siRNA coupled with cholesterol residue at the 5'-end of the "passenger" strand (chol-siPHK) was investigated in HEK293, HepG2, SC1, and KB-8-5 cells. In the absence of a transfectant levels of both unmodified and chol-siRNAs were very low, whereas transfectant substantially increased transfection rate in all cell lines; in HEK293, SC1, and KB-8-5 cells transfection efficiency for the chol-siRNA being higher than that for the corresponding siRNA. Multiple drug resistance phenotype reversing activity of anti-MDR1-siRNAs targeted to the 557-577 region of MDR1 gene mRNA was investigated in KB-8-5 cancer cells. The chol-siRNA induced cancer cells' death in the presence of vinblastine doses tolerated before more effectively than the conventional siRNA did.

[Morphocytochemical reaction of the lymph nodes in dogs to the administration of lysozyme]. / Morfotsitokhimicheskaia reaktsiia limfaticheskikh uzlov sobak na vvedenie lizotsima.

By means of morphological, morphometrical and histochemical methods pelvic and tracheobronchial lymph nodes have been studied in dogs and concentration of lysozyme has been estimated in blood serum, in lymph and the lymph nodes after a single intramuscular injection of lysozyme (2 mg/kg of body mass). In the material investigated total concentration of lysozyme reaches its maximal values in 6 h after injection, then it gradually decreases and in 48 h reaches its control level. Morphometrically changes in cell composition are revealed predominantly of immune-competent cells in T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes. Thus, the volumetric part of lymphoblasts in the germinative centers of the lymphoid nodules reaches its maximal indices by 48 h after lysozyme injection, while plasmatization of the paracortical zone and of medullary cords increases up to the 7th day. By the 14th day the volumetric part of lymphoblasts, immunoblasts and plasmocytes decreases gradually, and in 21 days after injection of the drug contents of the blast forms of the cells in the structural-functional zones of the lymph nodes does not differ from that in the control. The data obtained demonstrate the immunomorphological rearrangement of the lymph nodes in response to the exogenic lysozyme administration.

[Experimental effect of lysozyme on macrophage metabolism and resistance to infection]. / Vliianie lizotsina na metabolizm makrofagov i protivoinfektsionnuiu rezistentnost' v éksperimente.

The peritoneal macrophages of mice treated with lysozyme were studied by cytochemical assay. In single and repeated doses of 0.5-5 mg/kg lysozyme induced an increase in macrophage metabolism. This was evident from an increased activity of succinate dehydrogenase, NADP X N-DH and the enzymes catalyzing glycolysis typical of these cells (lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate). The changes in the activity of the enzymatic systems were most pronounced in minute and less mature macrophages after repeated administrations of the drugs. In a dose of 50 mg/kg lysozyme somewhat decreased the activity of a number of the enzymes. In the doses optimal for the macrophage activity lysozyme had a low effect on the infection resistance and slightly increased the cephotaxim efficiency in experimental staphylococcal infection. This may be mainly due to the immunomodulating effect of lysozyme and its low effect on the large macrophages having the bactericidal effect.

[Changes in the activity of oxidative enzymes in thymus cells of CBA mice during carcinogenesis induced by simian adenovirus SA7(C8)]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti okislitel'nykh fermentov v kletkakh timusa myshei CBA v protsesse kantserogeneza, indutsirovannogo obez'ian'im adenovirusom SA7(C8).

Microspectrophotometry was used to study the activity of oxidative enzymes in the cortical and medullar regions of the thymus, in epithelial stromal cells of CBA mice at varying time of postnatal development and during induced virus cancerogenesis. It was shown that in the thymus of control animals, the activity of NAD-, NADP-diaphorases and beta OBDH reached maximum on the 30th day of postnatal development. The animals exposed to virus manifested a distinct lowering of the activity of the enzymes even in the latent period of cancerogenesis. Variations of the activity of the test enzymes during postnatal development of control animals and at varying time of cancerogenesis appear to be related to functional potencies of the thymus.

[Prodigiozan as an activator of peritoneal macrophages]. / Prodigiozan kak aktivator peritoneal'nykh makrofagov.

The quantitative cytochemical investigation of the prodigiozan effect on the enzymatic activity of the peritoneal macrophages was performed on mice. The drug was administered in a single dose of 150 microgram/kg 24 hours before the specimen collection. Prodigiozan promoted a reliable increase in the activity of the enzymes participating in glycolysis (lactate and cytoplasmic alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), hexoso-monophosphatic pathway of glucose oxidation (glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), succinate dehydrogenase, NADP. N-diaphorase and lysosomal enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and non-specific alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. The changes indicate that activation of the macrophages is one of the significant mechanisms of increasing the host nonspecific resistance with prodigiozan.

[Microphotometric study of the activity of oxidative enzymes in the endometrial epithelium of rats following ovariectomy and administration of testosterone propionate]. / Mikrofotometricheskoe issledovanie aktivnosti okislitel'nykh fermentov v épitelii éndometriia krys posle ovariéktomii i vvedeniia testosterona propionata.

A method of comparative microphotometry was applied to the study of the oxidative enzymes in the epithelial lining of the uterine cavity and the glandular epithelium of the ovariectomized rats during the climacteric disturbances. There was an increase in the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphoric dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and a fall of the succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and NAD- and NADP-diaphorases activity in the cells of the epithelial lining the uterine cavity. The glandular epithelium displayed an elevation of the LDH activity and a sharp fall of the SDH, NAD- and NADP-disphorases activity. Administration of testosterone-propionate caused an marked elevation of the activity of the oxidative enzymes in the epithelium of the rat endometrium in comparison with level of their activity in control animals and rats given no hormone.