Minimally invasive endoscopic management of tubercular tenosynovitis of the anterior tibial tendon.

The incidence of tubercular tenosynovitis around the foot and ankle is rare even in endemic areas. We present an unusual case involving the isolated tubercular tenosynovitis of the Anterior Tibial tendon, which was successfully managed through a combination of medical treatment and endoscopic intervention. Our patient, a 30-year-old female, sought medical attention due to a gradually worsening painful swelling localized to the anterior aspect of her left ankle. Diagnostic imaging, specifically Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), revealed alterations in signal intensity within the Anterior Tibial tendon. Importantly, the infection had not spread to involve the ankle joint. We performed both diagnostic and therapeutic tenosynovectomy endoscopically and subsequently sent the tissue for histopathological examination. The histopathological findings revealed the presence of histiocytic granulomas containing Langhans' giant cells, which strongly suggested a tuberculosis infection. Consequently, we initiated anti-tubercular chemotherapy as the treatment approach. Our patient exhibited a positive response to the treatment, and after one year, she experienced complete resolution of the disease. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion for tuberculosis, especially in endemic areas, when encountering unusual presentations. Level of evidence: V.

Small molecules that disrupt RAD54-BLM interaction hamper tumor proliferation in colon cancer chemoresistance models.

RAD54 and BLM helicase play pivotal roles during homologous recombination repair (HRR) to ensure genome maintenance. BLM amino acids (aa 181-212) interact with RAD54 and enhance its chromatin remodeling activity. Functionally, this interaction heightens HRR, leading to a decrease in residual DNA damage in colon cancer cells. This contributes to chemoresistance in colon cancer cells against cisplatin, camptothecin, and oxaliplatin, eventually promoting tumorigenesis in preclinical colon cancer mouse models. ChIP-Seq analysis and validation revealed increased BLM and RAD54 corecruitment on the MRP2 promoter in camptothecin-resistant colon cancer cells, leading to BLM-dependent enhancement of RAD54-mediated chromatin remodeling. We screened the Prestwick small-molecule library, with the intent to revert camptothecin- and oxaliplatin-induced chemoresistance by disrupting the RAD54-BLM interaction. Three FDA/European Medicines Agency-approved candidates were identified that could disrupt this interaction. These drugs bound to RAD54, altered its conformation, and abrogated RAD54-BLM-dependent chromatin remodeling on G5E4 and MRP2 arrays. Notably, the small molecules also reduced HRR efficiency in resistant lines, diminished anchorage-independent growth, and hampered the proliferation of tumors generated using camptothecin- and oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cells in both xenograft and syngeneic mouse models in BLM-dependent manner. Therefore, the 3 identified small molecules can serve as possible viable candidates for adjunct therapy in colon cancer treatment.

Burkholderia-associated polymyositis.

A diagnosis of polymyositis can readily be made when there is a typical history of proximal muscle weakness together with clinical findings, and there is corroboratory evidence in the form of elevated creatine kinase lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase). A muscle biopsy usually helps in making the confirmatory diagnosis. A female in her 50s presented with non-healing multiple deep necrotic ulcers with muscle weakness. The initial possibility of vasculitis ulcers remained. Later, this proved to be a case of polymyositis with mildly elevated creatine kinase (which is usually not the case), atypical skin manifestations (usually there is no skin involvement), and negative extended myositis specific antibody panel with the growth of Burkholderia cepacia (perhaps the triggering factor). Hence, polymyositis can present with a myriad of atypical findings. Thus, thorough clinical examination and an integrated approach are necessary for early identification and treatment of the disease.

Reagent-controlled chemo/stereoselective glycosylation of ʟ-fucal to access rare deoxysugars.

2,6-Dideoxy sugars constitute an important class of anticancer antibiotics natural products and serve as essential medicinal tools for carbohydrate-based drug discovery and vaccine development. In particular, 2-deoxy ʟ-fucose or ʟ-oliose is a rare sugar and vital structural motif of several potent antifungal and immunosuppressive bioactive molecules. Herein, we devised a reagent-controlled stereo and chemoselective activation of ʟ-fucal, enabling the distinctive glycosylation pathways to access the rare ʟ-oliose and 2,3-unsaturated ʟ-fucoside. The milder oxo-philic Bi(OTf)3 catalyst induced the direct 1,2-addition predominantly, whereas B(C6F5)3 promoted the allylic Ferrier-rearrangement of the enol-ether moiety in ʟ-fucal glycal donor, distinguishing the competitive mechanisms. The reagent-tunable modular approach is highly advantageous, employing greener catalysts and atom-economical transformations, expensive ligand/additive-free, and probed for a diverse range of substrates comprising monosaccharides, amino-acids, bioactive natural products, and drug scaffolds embedded with susceptible or labile functionalities.

Diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis by multi-targeted loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay based on SYBR Green I reaction: comparison with GeneXpert® MTB/RIF assay.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (TB) is tedious owing to its close resemblance with malignant pleural effusion and sparse bacterial load in clinical specimens. There is an immediate need to design a rapid and dependable diagnostic test to prevent unnecessary morbidity/mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A multi-targeted loop-mediated isothermal amplification (MT-LAMP) was deliberated using mpt64 and IS6110 to diagnose pleural TB within pleural fluids/biopsies. MT-LAMP products were analyzed by gel-based and visual detection methods, viz. SYBR Green I, SYBR Green I+deoxyuridine triphosphate uracil-N-glycosylase (dUTP-UNG), and dry methyl green reactions. RESULTS: In a pilot study, while assessing pleural TB/non-TB control subjects (n = 40), both SYBR Green I+dUTP-UNG/gel-based MT-LAMP assays exhibited better sensitivity/specificity than SYBR Green I and dry methyl green MT-LAMP. Since it is facile to work with SYBR Green I+dUTP-UNG than gel-based MT-LAMP, we validated the performance of SYBR Green I+dUTP-UNG in a higher number of specimens (n = 97), which revealed somewhat higher sensitivity (85.2 vs. 81.5%) and specificity (97.7 vs. 90.7%) than SYBR Green I MT-LAMP. Furthermore, the sensitivity attained by SYBR Green I+dUTP-UNG MT-LAMP was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than GeneXpert. CONCLUSIONS: Our SYBR Green I+dUTP-UNG MT-LAMP is a simple and reliable method to diagnose pleural TB, which may translate into a point-of-care test.

Cobalt-Adenosine Monophosphate Supramolecular Hydrogel with pH-Responsive Multi-Nanozymatic Activity.

Self-assembled metal-ion cross-linked multifunctional hydrogels are gaining a lot of attention in the fields of biomedical and biocatalysis. Herein, we report a heat-triggered metallogel that was spontaneously formed by the self-assembly of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and cobalt chloride, accompanied by a color transition depicting an octahedral to tetrahedral transition at high temperature. The hydrogel shows excellent stability in a wide pH window from 1 to 12. The metallogel is being exploited as a multienzyme mimic, exhibiting pH-responsive catalase and peroxidase activity. Whereas catalase mimicking activity was demonstrated by the hydrogel under neutral and basic conditions, it shows peroxidase mimicking activity in an acidic medium. The multifunctionality of the synthesized metallogel was further demonstrated by phenoxazinone synthase-like activities. Owing to its catalase-mimicking activity, the metallogel could effectively reduce the oxidative stress produced in cells due to excess hydrogen peroxide by degrading H2O2 to O2 and H2O under physiological conditions. The biocompatible metallogel could prevent cell apoptosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species. A green and simple synthetic strategy utilizing commonly available biomolecules makes this metallogel highly attractive for catalytic and biomedical applications.

Evaluation and Management of Achalasia Cardia in Children: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Achalasia cardia is a neuromuscular disorder of unknown etiology characterized by aperistalsis of the body of the esophagus and failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. The diagnosis of achalasia cardia is delayed due to the rarity and the ability to mimic other common conditions in children. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the clinical presentation and the management of achalasia cardia in children. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of pediatric surgery at a tertiary center. The children with achalasia cardia who presented between January 2014 and December 2021 were included. Results: A total of 12 patients were treated for achalasia cardia during the study period. All children presented with recurrent episodes of vomiting, whereas dysphagia was seen in six (50%) children. Eighty-three percent of the children presented with a history of weight loss, whereas failure to thrive was seen in nine (75%) children. Five (42%) children were managed as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for more than a year before presenting to us. Three (25%) children underwent open cardiomyotomy with Thal fundoplication and the rest nine (75%) underwent laparoscopic cardiomyotomy. All are thriving well. Conclusion: Achalasia is an important differential diagnosis in children with suspected GERD. The most common symptom of achalasia cardia is vomiting followed by dysphagia. Weight loss and failure to thrive are important presenting features in children with achalasia which are uncommon in adults. Cardiomyotomy without fundoplication is safe and effective to treat achalasia cardia in children without having any extra complications.

A Molecular Troika of Angiogenesis, Coagulopathy and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathology of Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: A Comprehensive Review.

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a painful disorder characterized by the cessation of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to its death and subsequent joint collapse. Influenced by several risk factors, including corticosteroid use, excessive alcohol intake, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and some inflammatory disorders, along with cancer, its clinical consequences are thrombus formation due to underlying inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which collaborates with coagulopathy and impaired angiogenesis. Nonetheless, angiogenesis resolves the obstructed free flow of the blood by providing alternative routes. Clinical manifestations of early stage of ANFH mimic cysts or lesions in subchondral bone, vasculitis and transient osteoporosis of the hip, rendering it difficult to diagnose, complex to understand and complicated to cure. To date, the treatment methods for ANFH are controversial as no foolproof curative strategy is available, and these depend upon different severity levels of the ANFH. From an in-depth understanding of the pathological determinants of ANFH, it is clear that impaired angiogenesis, coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction contribute significantly. The present review has set two aims, firstly to examine the role and relevance of this molecular triad (impaired angiogenesis, coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction) in ANFH pathology and secondly to propose some putative therapeutic strategies, delineating the fact that, for the better management of ANFH, a combined strategy to curtail this molecular triangle must be composed rather than focusing on individual contributions.

The Role of Pupillometry in the Assessment of Pain in Children Under General Anesthesia: A Prospective Single-Blinded Observational Study.

Background and objective The management and treatment of nociception remain one of the major challenges in anesthesiology, and hemodynamic variations may occur due to inadequate analgesia, which at times can be injurious. Pupillometry is a new noninvasive tool to assess nociception during anesthesia. The amount of pupillary reflex dilation (PRD) is directly proportional to the intensity of nociceptive stimuli and inversely proportional to the opioid dosage. This study aimed to assess the use of pupillometry as reflex pupillary dilatation in response to surgical stimulus in children under general anesthesia and to guide intraoperative opioid consumption. Materials and methods After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and written consent from parents, children with an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification of I and II and aged 2-12 years who were undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this prospective randomized observational study. General anesthesia was standardized with propofol, sevoflurane, and O2 and N2O (50:50%), and fentanyl administration was guided by pupil diameter changes. The primary outcome was to measure pupillary dilatation in response to pain and fentanyl administration guided by it. Results A total of 72 patients were included in the study. The mean pupil diameter significantly increased after surgical stimulus from 1.37 ±0.87 to 2.40 ±1.95 mm (p<0.001). The heart rate (116.2 ±12.25 to 118.50 ±8.20 beats/minute, p=0.18) and systolic BP (114.60 ±17.73 to 118.50 ±12.25 mmHg, p=0.12) did not change significantly on stimulus. The mean fentanyl consumption was 2.4 ug/kg and the side effects were not remarkable. Conclusion Based on our findings, pain has a significant influence on the pupil dilatation reflex in anesthetized children, and opioid administration based on pupil diameter can be valuable in clinical settings. We recommend the use of pupillometry as a pain index in children undergoing surgery under general anesthesia, and it can be a beneficial tool for assessing intraoperative pain. Newer techniques and developments are required in this field.

Molecular Characterization of katG and inhA Mutations by Genotype MTBDRplus Line Probe Assay To Guide Isoniazid and Ethionamide Use for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Introduction Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global health threat in all its forms. Significant resistance has been observed against isoniazid (INH), one of the most important therapeutic options for treating TB. Molecular testing methods such as line probe assay (LPA) provide rapid diagnosis and early management. Mutations in different genes can be detected, which indicate INH and ethionamide (ETH) drug resistance. We aimed to determine the frequency of these mutations in katG and inhA genes by LPA to guide INH and ETH use for drug-resistant TB. Materials and methods Two consecutive sputum samples were collected from each patient, followed by decontamination by N­acetyl­L­cysteine and sodium hydroxide method. LPA was performed on the decontaminated samples by GenoType MTBDRplus, and the strips were analyzed. Results Out of the 3,398 smear-positive samples tested by LPA, valid results were found in 3,085 (90.79%) samples. Of the 3,085 samples, INH resistance was seen in 295 samples (9.56%), of which mono INH resistance was in 204 samples, and 91 were multidrug resistant. katG S315T was the most common mutation responsible for high-level INH resistance. At the same time, inhA c15t was the most common mutation associated with low-level INH resistance and ETH cross-resistance. The average turnaround time for the processing and reporting of samples was five days. Conclusions The high burden of INH resistance is alarming and can be a major obstacle to TB elimination. Although molecular methods have reduced the reporting time leading to early management of the patients still, a large knowledge gap persists.

Nanoencapsulation and characterisation of Hypericum perforatum for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

AIM: This work aimed to encapsulate Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) into nanophytosomes (NPs) and assess the therapeutic efficacy of this nanocarrier in neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extract of Hypericum perforatum was prepared and encapsulated into NPs by thin layer hydration method. Particle size, zeta potential, TEM, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), entrapment efficiency (%EE), and loading capacity (LC) of NPs were reported. The biochemical and histopathological examinations were measured in the sciatic nerve. RESULTS: Particle size, zeta potential, %EE, and LC were 104.7 ± 1.529 nm, -8.93 ± 1.71 mV, 87.23 ± 1.3%, and 53.12 ± 1.7%, respectively. TEM revealed well-formed and distinct vesicles. NPHPE (NPs of HPE) was significantly more effective than HPE in reducing PSNL-inducing pain. Antioxidant levels and sciatic nerve histology were reversed to normal with NPHPE. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that encapsulating HPE with phytosomes is an effective therapeutic approach for neuropathic pain.

Factors contributing to mortality in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and eventration.

Introduction: Despite all the advances, the mortality rate of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) ranges from 30% to 60% for isolated CDH and as high as 89% when they are associated with additional structural or chromosomal anomalies. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the factors contributing to the mortality of neonates treated for CDH or the eventration of diaphragm. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the department of paediatric surgery at a tertiary centre. The neonates admitted with a diagnosis of CDH or eventration requiring surgery, between March 2013 and March 2021, were included in the study. Results: A total of 123 neonates were included in the study. The variables, earlier median age at presentation (1 [1-23] vs. 3 [1-28]; P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test), preterm birth (10/79 vs. 0/44; P = 0.01; Fischer's exact test), inborn (68/79 vs. 27/44; P = 0.002; Chi-square test), weight ≤2 kg (18/79 vs. 1/44; P = 0.003; Chi-square test), central cyanosis at presentation (21/79 vs. 1/44; P < 0.001; Chi-square test), antenatal detection (47/79 vs. 14/44; P = 0.003; Chi-square test) and earlier mean age at surgery (3.66 ± 1.47 vs. 7.66 ± 6.88; P < 0.001; Independent sample t-test) were associated with increased mortality. On multinominal logistic regression analysis, the factors preterm (odd's Ratio [OR] =4.735; P = 0.03), weight ≤2 kg (OR = 5.081; P = 0.02), central cyanosis at presentation (OR = 6.969; P = 0.008) and antenatal detection (OR = 7.471; P = 0.006) were found to be independently associated with increased mortality in CDH/eventration. Conclusion: The factors: prematurity, weight <2 kg, cyanosis at presentation and antenatal diagnosis were independently associated with increased mortality in neonates with CDH/eventration requiring surgery.

Outcomes and complications of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with pars plana vitrectomy in young adults.

BACKGROUND: Scleral buckling has been the standard for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair in young patients given the typical lack of posterior vitreous detachment, phakic status, and lower risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. In older patients, pars plana vitrectomy alone is typically used for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. We report the outcomes and complications of pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in young eyes. METHODS: Retrospective, single-center cohort study. Medical records of patients between 15 to 45 years of age undergoing primary pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair between 2010 and 2020 were carefully reviewed. All analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis tests for numeric covariates between age groups. RESULTS: Eyes were stratified by age: 15-24 (group 1, n = 10), 25-34 (group 2, n = 14), and 35-45 (group 3, n = 38). The average number of surgeries were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.1 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.004). Single surgery success rates were 50%, 64%, and 92% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively (p = 0.005). Final reattachment rates were 80%, 93%, 100% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p = 0.568). Proliferative vitreoretinopathy developed in 50%, 7%, and 8% of eyes in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: While the final reattachment rates were excellent in all groups, the higher rates of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and lower single surgery success rate in younger patients may suggest that primary pars plana vitrectomy may not be the optimal repair method in these age groups.

Pitavastatin attenuates neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVES: Pitavastatin is a competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for lowering of cholesterol level and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pitavastatin in neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation along with neuronal changes in Wister rats. METHODS: Pitavastatin was started three days prior to the surgery and continued for 14 days The pain was determined by thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia. The biochemical changes were estimated at the end of the study. The levels of cytokines were measured using an ELISA test. Western blot analysis was used to detect levels of expression of JNK, p-JNK, ERK, p-ERK, p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK. The sciatic nerve was investigated histopathologically. KEY FINDINGS: Pitavastatin significantly ameliorated nerve pain induced by PSNL and also attenuated the biochemical changes in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of inflammatory mediators were inhibited by pitavastatin. There was significant improvement in sciatic nerve fibres histology. The levels of p-38, p-ERK, and p-JNK and their associated phosphorylated proteins were reduced after treatment with pitavastatin. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that treatment with pitavastatin reversed the PSNL-induced neuropathy in Wister rats and may be an additional therapeutic strategy in the management of neuropathic pain.

Sequelae of Corrosive Injury in Children: An Observational Study.

Aim: This study aims to determine the sequelae of corrosive ingestion in children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery at a Tertiary Center. The children presenting between January 2015 and December 2020 with a history of ingestion of caustic agents were included in the study. Results: A total of 26 children were included in the study. The children with suicidal attempts were significantly older than those who ingested the corrosive agents accidentally (14.2 ± 1.9 years vs. 6 ± 3.3 years; P < 0.01; Student's t-test). Sixteen (62%) children had esophageal strictures, 8 (31%) had pyloric strictures, and a child (4%) had both esophageal and gastric strictures. Eight (31%) children required an initial feeding jejunostomy and 6 (23%) required a feeding gastrostomy as they had significant weight loss on presentation. Eleven (65%) esophageal strictures responded to the dilatation regimen and are symptom-free on follow-up. Three (18%) children with esophageal stricture underwent esophageal replacement. Eight (31%) children had a pyloric stricture and all of them were treated with a modified Billroth I gastro-duodenostomy. The children who presented after 2 months were found to have a significantly increased need for esophageal replacement (3/9 vs. 0/17; P = 0.03; Fischer's exact test). Conclusion: The corrosive ingestion in children is associated with higher morbidity. The sequelae include esophageal and antro-pyloric strictures. A feeding gastrostomy or jejunostomy was required in more than half of the patients. The children presenting after 2 months of ingestion were associated with an increased need for esophageal replacement.

Revision Bariatric Procedures and Management of Complications from Bariatric Surgery.

Bariatric surgery is effective, but may be associated with adverse events. A multi-disciplinary approach including endoscopic interventions can be effective to manage these. Endoscopists should familiarize themselves with gastrointestinal pathology which can occur after bariatric surgery, including nutritional deficiencies, acid reflux, anastomotic stenosis, gallstone disease, leaks, fistulas, and weight regain. Endoscopic interventions including anastomotic stricture dilation, control of bleeding, endoscopic ultrasound-guided approach for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, leak or fistula closure via endoscopic suturing or stent placement, and transoral outlet reduction (TORe) or revision obesity surgery endoluminal (ROSE) to address weight regain are among the endoscopic tools which have demonstrated safety and efficacy in the management of adverse events after bariatric surgery.

Thiophene and Its Analogs as Prospective Antioxidant Agents: A Retrospective Study.

The field of Free Radical Chemistry has gained considerable interest in the current scenario. The formation of free radicals is attributable to different physiochemical factors, radiation exposure, pathological conditions, environmental contaminants, and as by-products of metabolized drugs. The concentration of free radicals is regulated strongly under normal conditions by physiological antioxidants. Free radicals may cause oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, sugars, and DNA when abundantly produced or when antioxidants are depleted. This imbalance of reduction-oxidation, referred to as oxidative stress, can change the body's physiological conditions and ultimately lead to tissue injury, further contributing to various disease pathologies. A proper balance between free radicals and antioxidants is required for an effective physiological process. The oxidation mechanism is chemically hindered by antioxidants; these are often called free radical scavengers. The application of an external antioxidant source is crucial in addressing the issue of oxidative stress. Plenty of naturally occurring, semi-synthetic, and synthetic antioxidants are used, and the search for an efficient, non-toxic, and safe antioxidant is stepped up over time. As an influential scaffold, thiophene and its derivatives have become a significant source of interest for researchers due to its substantial variety of biological activities. The versatility of thiophene moiety has been identified by an affluent unveiling of its derivatives with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial behaviors. Thiophene activity has been influenced greatly by the nature and orientation of the substitutions. The current study aims at addressing various synthetic compounds with thiophene or condensed thiophene as a fundamental moiety or substituent as radical scavengers.

Inhibition of Proliferation in Ovarian Cancer Cell Line (PA-1) by the Action of Green Compound "Betanin".

Ovarian carcinoma has a cure rate of 30% which makes it deadlier than any other disease. There are a number of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to ovarian carcinoma cell transformation. Chemoprevention of cancer through application of natural compounds is the need of present generation as other methods are rigorous and have many side effects. Betanin, a compound from Beta vulgaris extract is used in present study to check its potential for inhibition of (PA-1) cancer cell proliferation. Determination of IC50 values through MTT assay was carried out, in addition measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and induction of apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through betanin was also observed. Results have shown betanin as a potential candidate for inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation and it can be taken up as a serious compound for further studies for its application in cancer cure.