Physicochemical Evaluation and Pharmacological Screening of Fernando Adenophylla Steenis Fruits.

The current study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Fernandoa adenophylla. Powder studies were carried out to estimate the quantitative physicochemical characteristics of the crude drug, including moisture content, ash content, and extractive values. Using a Soxhlet apparatus and different analytical grade solvents, 3 sample extracts of a crude drug were made. To evaluate the potentially toxic nature, an acute oral toxicity study was performed as per OECD guideline no. 423. Sample extracts were tested and analyzed by ANOVA for pharmacological potential (analgesic, antipyretic, and antidiabetic) using Wister-Albino rats. Where physicochemical analysis indicated purity, quality, and presence of organic/inorganic materials in crude drug extracts, no sign of mortality was found up to 2000 mg/kg of body weight of Fernandoa adenophyllas extracts. Analgesic activity was observed in all sample extracts, whereas only chloroform and ethanolic extracts expressed antipyretic and antidiabetic potential. Ethanolic extract was found to be most potent in pharmacological potential as 200 mg/kg extract dose exhibited %age pain inhibition of 55.12 % and reduced body temperature from 39.78±0.03 °C to 37.22±0.02 °C in hyperthermic rats. A decrease in blood glucose levels up to 57.88 % was observed on the 21st day of the treatment with 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract.

Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cells: Focus on a Possible Strategy Plan to Address Colon Carcinoma Cells.

Even though various treatment methods are available for cancer, the death curve is not reducing. The diagnosis of cancer at the fourth stage and drug resistance are the leading reasons for treatment failure and lower survival rates. In this review article, we summarize the possible pitfalls during cancer treatment in general, which mainly include multidrug resistance, and propose a hypothesis for colorectal cancer specifically. We also evaluate multidrug resistance in cancer in general and colorectal cancer in particular and hypothesize a concept based on combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil, curcumin, and lipids for the possible management of colorectal cancer. In addition, a hypothetical approach, combining a synthetic agent and a natural chemotherapeutic agent, to treating colorectal cancer is also discussed. This hypothesis could improve the management of colorectal cancer.