Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement Via Right Anterior Minithoracotomy and Central Cannulation Versus Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement in Obese Patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: The minimally invasive implantation of aortic valve prosthesis via thoracotomy has numerous advantages and is comfortable, especially during the early postoperative period. Disadvantages of this method include peripheral vessel complications and groin infections. Central cannulation (direct aortic cannulation with superior vena cava cannulation) eliminates these drawbacks. In this report, we evaluated this method of treatment in patients with obesity. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 21 obese patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent minimally invasive aortic valve implantation via thoracotomy and central cannulation with a bovine pericardial aortic prosthesis between 2017 and 2021. We compared these records with the medical records of 27 obese patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent conventional aortic valve surgery. Results: Mean cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar in both groups. Operating time was significantly longer in the minimally invasive group (P <0.05). In the minimally invasive group, acute renal failure occurred in 2 patients. In terms of postoperative complications, deep sternal wound infection/sternal instability was much higher in the conventional group. This was not statistically significant (P=0.090). Minimally invasive operated patients had a comfortable early postoperative period, with a mean visual analog scale for pain of 1.10±0.83 (no pain-mild pain). When we assessed patient satisfaction with the postoperative period, 13 patients were extremely satisfied, 7 patients were satisfied, and 1 patient was quite satisfied. Conclusion: Minimally invasive aortic valve implantation via thoracotomy and central cannulation is a safe and effective treatment for obese patients.

Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement Via Right Anterior Minithoracotomy and Central Cannulation Versus Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement in Obese Patients.

INTRODUCTION: The minimally invasive implantation of aortic valve prosthesis via thoracotomy has numerous advantages and is comfortable, especially during the early postoperative period. Disadvantages of this method include peripheral vessel complications and groin infections. Central cannulation (direct aortic cannulation with superior vena cava cannulation) eliminates these drawbacks. In this report, we evaluated this method of treatment in patients with obesity. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 21 obese patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent minimally invasive aortic valve implantation via thoracotomy and central cannulation with a bovine pericardial aortic prosthesis between 2017 and 2021. We compared these records with the medical records of 27 obese patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent conventional aortic valve surgery. RESULTS: Mean cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were similar in both groups. Operating time was significantly longer in the minimally invasive group (P <0.05). In the minimally invasive group, acute renal failure occurred in 2 patients. In terms of postoperative complications, deep sternal wound infection/sternal instability was much higher in the conventional group. This was not statistically significant (P=0.090). Minimally invasive operated patients had a comfortable early postoperative period, with a mean visual analog scale for pain of 1.10±0.83 (no pain-mild pain). When we assessed patient satisfaction with the postoperative period, 13 patients were extremely satisfied, 7 patients were satisfied, and 1 patient was quite satisfied. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive aortic valve implantation via thoracotomy and central cannulation is a safe and effective treatment for obese patients.

Midterm varicose vein recurrence rates after endovenous laser ablation: comparison of radial fibre and bare fibre tips.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated and compared midterm recurrence results of our patients with great saphenous vein insufficiency who were treated with a 1470-nm diode laser using 2 different types of fibre catheter kits. METHODS: A total of 61 consecutive patients were treated between 2013 and 2014 with a bare fibre (BF) tip (BF group) and 60 consecutive patients were treated with a radial fibre (RF) tip (RF group) from 2014 to 2016. First-year venous clinical severity scores (VCSSs) were compared with VCSS before endovenous laser ablation and at the first-month follow-up. Patients were examined for recurrence and classified according to the system developed by Stonebridge. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of VCSS. Examination with Doppler ultrasonography showed no recurrence in the RF group, whereas recurrences were detected in 6 patients in the BF group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.028). All of the recurrences were type 1b (incompetent tributaries) varicose vein recurrences. The VCSS of the patients with recurrence were the same as the scores of patients without recurrence (0.5 ± 0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Varicose vein recurrence was more often seen in the BF group than in the RF group. Recanalization-induced and neovascularization-induced recurrences were not found in either group. Saphenofemoral side branch-induced recurrence was more significant in the group treated with the BF tip.

Humoral immune response and coated or uncoated oxygenators during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

AIM: To investigate and compare uncoated and phosphorylcholine-coated oxygenators in terms of induction of humoral immune response during coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS: A total of 20 consecutive patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly distributed into two groups according to the type of oxygenator used during surgery. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients who were operated on using phosphorylcholine-coated oxygenators. Group 2 contained 10 patients who underwent surgery using uncoated oxygenators. Blood and oxygenator fibre samples were obtained and compared in terms of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM), complements (C3c, C4), serum total protein and albumin levels using electron microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS: In group 1, levels of IgM, IgG, total protein and serum albumin were significantly increased at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) compared to those at the beginning of CPB. In group 2, C3c and C4 levels at the beginning of CPB were found to be significantly higher than at the end. Electron microscopic examination of oxygenator fibres demonstrated that phosphorylcholine-coated fibres were less likely to be adsorbed by serum proteins and complements than the uncoated fibres. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that phosphorylcholine-coated oxygenators seemed to induce humoral immune response to a lesser extent than uncoated oxygenators during coronary artery bypass procedures.

Hybrid endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aorta: early results.

BACKGROUND: Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) present a significant clinical challenge, as they are complex and require invasive surgery. In an attempt to prevent considerably high mortality and morbidity in open repair, hybrid endovascular repair has been developed by many authors. In this study, we evaluated the early-term results obtained from this procedure. METHODS: From November 2010 to February 2013, we performed thoracoabdominal hybrid aortic repair in 18 patients. The mean age was 68 years (12 men, 6 women). All of the patients had significant comorbidities. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, and annually thereafter. RESULTS: All patients were operated on in a staged procedure and stent graft deployment was achieved. Procedural success was achieved in all cases. All patients were discharged with complete recovery. No endoleaks weres detected in further CT examination. CONCLUSION: Our results suggests that hybrid debranching and endovascular repair of extensive thoracoabdominal aneurysms represents a suitable therapeutic option to reduce the morbidity and mortality of TAAA repair, particularly in those typically considered at high risk for standard repair.

Comparison of original EuroSCORE, EuroSCORE II and STS risk models in a Turkish cardiac surgical cohort.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare additive and logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE), EuroSCORE II and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) models in calculating mortality risk in a Turkish cardiac surgical population. METHODS: The current patient population consisted of 428 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between 2004 and 2012, extracted from the TurkoSCORE database. Observed and predicted mortalities were compared for the additive/logistic EuroSCORE, EuroSCORE II and STS risk calculator. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values were calculated for these models to compare predictive power. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 74.5 ± 3.9 years at the time of surgery, and 35.0% were female. For the entire cohort, actual hospital mortality was 7.9% (n = 34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.4-10.5). However, the additive EuroSCORE-predicted mortality was 6.4% (P = 0.23 vs observed; 95% CI 6.2-6.6), logistic EuroSCORE-predicted mortality was 7.9% (P = 0.98 vs observed; 95% CI 7.3-8.6), EuroSCORE II- predicted mortality was 1.7% (P = 0.00 vs observed; 95% CI 1.6-1.8) and STS predicted mortality was 5.8% (P = 0.10 vs observed; 95% CI 5.4-6.2). The mean predictive performance of the analysed models for the entire cohort was fair, with 0.7 (95% CI 0.60-0.79). AUC values for additive EuroSCORE, logistic EuroSCORE, EuroSCORE II and STS risk calculator were 0.70 (95% CI 0.60-0.79), 0.70 (95% CI 0.59-0.80), 0.72 (95% CI 0.62-0.81) and 0.62 (95% CI 0.51-0.73), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EuroSCORE II significantly underestimated mortality risk for Turkish cardiac patients, whereas additive and logistic EuroSCORE and STS risk calculators were well calibrated.

Sequential radial artery for coronary artery bypass grafting: five-year follow-up and evaluation with multi-detector row computed tomography.

This study was undertaken to compare early postoperative results, programmed multi-detector row computed tomography coronary angiographic patency and midterm results of revascularization by sequential radial artery grafting with those of single radial artery grafting during a five-year period. Patients were grouped as those with sequential radial artery grafts (Group A, n = 27) and single radial artery grafts (Group B, n = 26). Multi-detector row computed tomography coronary angiography was scheduled at 1 and 5 years postoperatively. Each distal anastomosis was accepted as nonfunctional if a radial artery graft was occluded proximally or there was a critical stenosis. One sequential radial artery graft and two single radial artery grafts failed in the 1-year period (p>0.05). In the 5-year period, three radial artery grafts failed in each group (p>0.05). In Group A, there was no mortality in the five-year period, but in Group B, one patient died four years after the operation due to cardiac problems (p>0.05). In addition to one death in Group B, there were three percutaneous interventions and two myocardial infarctions among the 26 patients during the five-year follow-up. In group A, among 27 patients, there were 4 percutaneous interventions and one myocardial infarction (p>0.05). Although the sample size is relatively small to be conclusive, these data suggest that sequential radial artery grafting may be considered as a method of choice for maximizing arterial graft survival and patency. Noninvasive control of sequential and single radial artery grafts with multi-detector row computed tomography is feasible with no discomfort for the patient and excellent visualization of grafts.

Validation of the EuroSCORE risk models in Turkish adult cardiac surgical population.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate additive and logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) models on Turkish adult cardiac surgical population. METHODS: TurkoSCORE project involves a reliable web-based database to build up Turkish risk stratification models. Current patient population consisted of 9443 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 2005 and 2010. However, the additive and logistic EuroSCORE models were applied to only 8018 patients whose EuroSCORE determinants were complete. Observed and predicted mortalities were compared for low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 59.5 years (± 12.1 years) at the time of surgery, and 28.6% were female. There were significant differences (all p<0.001) in the prevalence of recent myocardial infarction (23.5% vs 9.7%), moderate left ventricular function (29.9% vs 25.6%), unstable angina (9.8% vs 8.0%), chronic pulmonary disease (13.4% vs 3.9%), active endocarditis (3.2% vs 1.1%), critical preoperative state (9.0% vs 4.1%), surgery on thoracic aorta (3.7% vs 2.4%), extracardiac arteriopathy (8.6% vs 11.3%), previous cardiac surgery (4.1% vs 7.3%), and other than isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG; 23.0% vs 36.4%) between Turkish and European cardiac surgical populations, respectively. For the entire cohort, actual hospital mortality was 1.96% (n=157; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-2.32). However, additive predicted mortality was 2.98% (p<0.001 vs observed; 95%CI, 2.90-3.00), and logistic predicted mortality was 3.17% (p<0.001 vs observed; 95%CI, 3.03-3.21). The predictive performance of EuroSCORE models for the entire cohort was fair with 0.757 (95%CI, 0.717-0.797) AUC value (area under the receiver operating characteristic, AUC) for additive EuroSCORE, and 0.760 (95%CI, 0.721-0.800) AUC value for logistic EuroSCORE. Observed hospital mortality for isolated CABG was 1.23% (n=75; 95%CI, 0.95-1.51) while additive and logistic predicted mortalities were 2.87% (95%CI, 2.82-2.93) and 2.89% (95%CI, 2.80-2.98), respectively. AUC values for the isolated CABG subset were 0.768 (95%CI, 0.707-0.830) and 0.766 (95%CI, 0.705-0.828) for additive and logistic EuroSCORE models. CONCLUSION: The original EuroSCORE risk models overestimated mortality at all risk subgroups in Turkish population. Remodeling strategies for EuroSCORE or creation of a new model is warranted for future studies in Turkey.