Photo- and X-ray Induced Cytotoxicity of CeF3-YF3-TbF3 Nanoparticle-Polyvinylpyrrolidone-"Radachlorin" Composites for Combined Photodynamic Therapy.

The Ce0.5Y0.35Tb0.15F3 nanoparticles with a CeF3 hexagonal structure were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique. The average nanoparticle diameter was 14 ± 1 nm. The luminescence decay curves of the Ce0.5Y0.35Tb0.15F3 nanoparticles (λem = 541 nm, 5D4-7F5 transition of Tb3+) conjugated with Radachlorin using polyvinylpyrrolidone coating as well as without Radachlorin were detected. Efficient nonradiative energy transfer from Tb3+ to the Radachlorin was demonstrated. The maximum energy transfer coefficients for the nanoparticles conjugated with Radachlorin via polyvinylpyrrolidone and without the coating were 82% and 55%, respectively. The average distance between the nanoparticle surface and Radachlorin was R0 = 4.5 nm. The best results for X-ray-induced cytotoxicity were observed for the NP-PVP-Rch sample at the lowest Rch concentration. In particular, after X-ray irradiation, the survival of A549 human lung carcinoma cells decreased by ~12%.

CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN INFECTED WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To identify clinical and immunological features of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis occurring against the background of Epstein-Barr virus infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved examination of 56 children. Of them, 33 children (1 group) did not have a background infection and 23 patients (2 group) suffered from rotavirus infection on the background of the latent form of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Children in these groups were compared by gender, age, severity of the disease and other parameters. Quantitative data were presented as mean and standard deviation (M±SD). Differences at p <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Results: The data suggest that the presence of background Epstein-Barr virus in children with rotavirus infection leads to later hospitalization, lower temperature response rates, lower frequency of vomiting at the onset of the disease, and longer duration of fever and diarrhea. At the same time, in children infected with Epstein-Barr virus, the relative content of CD8+ T lymphocytes dominated both in the acute period of the disease and in the period of convalescence against the background of reduced relative content of CD16+, CD22+ T lymphocytes and IgM in the period of early convalescence. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The study allowed to reveal the influence of latent EBV infection on the clinical and immunological parameters of rotavirus gastroenteritis.

T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain, as a potential immune checkpoint target for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.

The importance of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression has been well studied for many years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are regarded as potential strategies in enhancing the immune responses in patients with cancer, particularly colorectal cancer (CRC). Notably, CRCs are extraordinarily heterogeneous and mostly are microsatellite-stable (MSS) or cold tumors, which means that the immune response is not usually as strong as that of foreign cells. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a new immune checkpoint receptor overexpressed inside the CRC tumor-immune microenvironments. Moreover, several studies have shown that TIGIT in combination with other ICIs and/or conventional treatments, can lead to a robust anti-tumor response in CRC. This review looks deep inside TIGIT expression patterns, their various functions, and possible immunotherapy strategies to increase survival rates and decrease immune-related adverse events.