RESUMO
Citrus peel has been used as a Traditional medicine in Asia to treat coughs, asthma and bronchial disorders. Therefore, the antiinï¬ammatory effects of 3,5,6,7,3',4'hexamethoxyflavone (quercetogetin, QUE) isolated from Citrus unshiu peel were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that QUE repressed the production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide by suppressing LPSinduced expression of cyclooxygenase2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. It also suppressed the production of interleukin (IL)6, IL1ß, and tumor necrosis factorα cytokines, and decreased the nuclear translocation of NFκB by interrupting the phosphorylation of NFκB inhibitor α in macrophage cells. Based on the finding that QUE inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK protein expression in LPSinduced RAW264.7 cells, it was confirmed that inhibition of inflammatory responses by QUE was mediated via the ERK pathway. Therefore, this study suggests that QUE has strong antiinflammatory effects, making it a promising compound for use as a therapeutic agent in treating inflammatory lung diseases, such as emphysema.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Citrus/química , Flavonas/farmacologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Animais , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Células RAW 264.7RESUMO
Ganoderma lucidum, a species of the Basidiomycetes class, has been attracting international attention owing to its wide variety of biological activities and great potential as an ingredient in skin care cosmetics including "skin-whitening" products. However, there is little information available on its inhibitory effect against tyrosinase activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition of G. lucidum and its inhibitory effects on melanogenesis. We isolated the active compound from G. lucidum using ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractionation. In addition, we assayed its inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. In this study, we identified a bioactive compound, ganodermanondiol, which inhibits the activity and expression of cellular tyrosinase and the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), thereby decreasing melanin production. Furthermore, ganodermanondiol also affected the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathway, which are involved in the melanogenesis of B16F10 melanoma cells. The finding that ganodermanondiol from G. lucidum exerts an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase will contribute to the use of this mushroom in the preparation of skin care products in the future.
Assuntos
Lanosterol/análogos & derivados , Melaninas/biossíntese , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Reishi/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interferon Tipo I/biossíntese , Interferon Tipo I/genética , Lanosterol/administração & dosagem , Lanosterol/química , Melanócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Melanócitos/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Camundongos , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia/biossíntese , Fator de Transcrição Associado à Microftalmia/genética , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Fosforilação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Proteínas da Gravidez/biossíntese , Proteínas da Gravidez/genéticaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify and characterize new Flammulina velutipes laccases from its whole-genome sequence. Of the 15 putative laccase genes detected in the F. velutipes genome, four new laccase genes (fvLac-1, fvLac-2, fvLac3, and fvLac-4) were found to contain four complete copper-binding regions (ten histidine residues and one cysteine residue) and four cysteine residues involved in forming disulfide bridges, fvLac-1, fvLac-2, fvLac3, and fvLac-4, encoding proteins consisting of 516, 518, 515, and 533 amino acid residues, respectively. Potential N-glycosylation sites (Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr) were identified in the cDNA sequence of fvLac-1 (Asn-454), fvLac-2 (Asn-437 and Asn-455), fvLac-3 (Asn-111 and Asn-237), and fvLac4 (Asn-402 and Asn-457). In addition, the first 19~20 amino acid residues of these proteins were predicted to comprise signal peptides. Laccase activity assays and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses clearly reveal that CuSO4 affects the induction and the transcription level of these laccase genes.