Biological Activity of Complexes Involving Nitro-Containing Ligands and Crystallographic-Theoretical Description of 3,5-DNB Complexes.

Drug resistance in infectious diseases developed by bacteria and fungi is an important issue since it is necessary to further develop novel compounds with biological activity that counteract this problem. In addition, new pharmaceutical compounds with lower secondary effects to treat cancer are needed. Coordination compounds appear to be accessible and promising alternatives aiming to overcome these problems. In this review, we summarize the recent literature on coordination compounds based on nitrobenzoic acid (NBA) as a ligand, its derivatives, and other nitro-containing ligands, which are widely employed owing to their versatility. Additionally, an analysis of crystallographic data is presented, unraveling the coordination preferences and the most effective crystallization methods to grow crystals of good quality. This underscores the significance of elucidating crystalline structures and utilizing computational calculations to deepen the comprehension of the electronic properties of coordination complexes.

Frequencies of BCR::ABL1 Transcripts in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome and distinct BCR::ABL1 gene transcripts. We assessed the frequencies of these transcripts in Mexico, Latin America, and worldwide. We determined the prevalence of BCR::ABL1 transcripts in CML patients and intercontinental or regional variations using specialized databases and keywords. We analyzed 34 studies from 20 countries, encompassing 5795 patients. Keyword-based searches in specialized databases guided data collection. ANOVA was employed for transcript distribution analysis. The b3a2 transcript was most prevalent globally, followed by b2a2, with e1a2 being the least frequent. Interestingly, Mexico City exhibited a higher incidence of b2a2, while b3a2 predominated in the remaining country. Overall, no significant intercontinental or regional variations were observed. b3a2 was the most common BCR::ABL1 transcript worldwide, with b2a2 following closely; e1a2 was infrequent. Notably, this trend remained consistent in Mexico. Evaluating transcript frequencies holds clinical relevance for CML management. Understanding the frequency of transcript informs personalized CML treatments.

Análisis de la presencia de trisomía 8 en las diferentes fases de leucemia mieloide crónica.

No disponible.

Design and fabrication of an improved dynamic flow cuvette for 13CO2 labeling in Arabidopsis plants.

BACKGROUND: Stable isotope labeling is a non-invasive, sensitive means of monitoring metabolic flux in plants. The most physiologically meaningful information is obtained from experiments that take advantage of the natural photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway to introduce a traceable marker with minimal effects on the physiology of the organism. The fundamental substrate in isotopic labeling experiments is 13CO2, which can reveal the earliest events in carbon assimilation and realistically portray downstream metabolism when administered under conditions suitable for making kinetic inferences. Efforts to improve the accuracy and resolution of whole plant labeling techniques have focused on improvements in environmental control, air flow characteristics, and harvesting methods. RESULTS: Here we present a dynamic flow cuvette designed for single Arabidopsis thaliana labeling experiments. We have also verified its suitability for labeling Nicotiana benthamiana and essential oils in Pelargonium graveolens. Complete plans for fabrication of this device are included. The design includes three important innovations. First, uniform, circular air flow over the rosette surface is accomplished by a fan and deflector that creates a mini-cyclone effect within the chamber interior. Second, a network of circulating canals connected to a water bath provides temperature control to within ± 0.1 ºC under variable irradiance, humidity, and air flow conditions. When photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was varied over a range of 1000 µEinsteins m-2 s-1 with no adjustment to the external temperature control system, the abaxial leaf temperature changed by < 3 ºC/1000 PAR. Third, the device is fully compatible with liquid nitrogen quenching of metabolic activity without perturbation of the light environment. For short labeling experiments (< 10 s), the most critical variable is the half-life (t1/2) of the atmosphere within the chamber, which determines the maximum resolution of the labeling system. Using an infrared gas analyzer, we monitored the atmospheric half-life during the transition from 12CO2 to 13CO2 air at different flow rates and determined that 3.5 L min-1 is the optimal flow rate to initiate labeling (t1/2 ~ 5 s). Under these conditions, we observed linear incorporation of 13C into triose phosphate with labeling times as short as 5 s. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in our ability to conduct short term labeling experiments are critical to understanding of the rates and control of the earliest steps in plant metabolism. Precise kinetic measurements in whole plants using 13CO2 inform metabolic models and reveal control points that can be exploited in agricultural or biotechnological contexts. The dynamic labeling cuvette presented here is suitable for studying early events in carbon assimilation and provides high resolution kinetic data for studies of metabolism in intact plants under physiologically realistic scenarios.

High frequency of digital eye strain and dry eye disease in teleworkers during the coronavirus disease (2019) pandemic.

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate visual display terminal (VDT)-related digital eye strain (ES) and dry eye disease (DED) symptoms in subjects whose work was changed to teleworking (TW) during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods. A digital self-reported survey was conducted on subjects in TW, including demographics, medical history, VDT time and ES-related symptoms before and during the pandemic and DED (dry eye questionnaire 5 [DEQ-5] questionnaire). Results. A total of 1797 questionnaires were analyzed. Mean age was 40.5 (SD 11.1) years, and 69.9% were female. The mean number of TW weeks was 10.2 (SD 3.0). The total VDT total hours increased from 7.4 (SD 3.3) to 9.5 (SD 3.3) (p < 0.001). All ES symptoms presented a significant increase (p < 0.001). The mean DEQ-5 score was 8.3 (SD 4.9). The oldest group presented lower values, and women had a higher score (p < 0.001). Additionally, 28.6% of the subjects were classified with severe DED, and the variables associated with a logistic regression model were total VDT hours, female gender, refractive surgery, rosacea, depression, previous DED, keratoconus and blepharitis. Conclusions. The number of VDT hours seemed to be a relevant factor for increase in ES symptoms and a high prevalence of DED during the pandemic period.

Enfermedad de Castleman. Reporte de caso / Castleman Disease. Case report and literature review

Resumen INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Castleman, o hiperplasia angiofolicular de los ganglios linfáticos, es todo un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico para la mayoría de los médicos. Puede estar asociada con infecciones virales, como el herpes virus tipo 8 (HHV-8), o ser idiopática. A su vez, puede localizarse en una sola región (unicéntrica) o afectar varias (multicéntrica). Suele diagnosticarse en la cuarta década de la vida y ser un hallazgo cuando se trata de la variante unicéntrica. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 19 años que acudió a consulta debido a la aparición de un nódulo en la mama derecha. En el ultrasonido mamario y axilar se encontraron fibroadenomas bilaterales y adenomegalias en el lado izquierdo, con alta vascularidad. Se catalogó como BIRADS 3. El reporte histopatológico de la biopsia, con aguja de corte, del ganglio axilar izquierdo fue de: proliferación linfoide atípica. La inmunohistoquímica reportó positividad para: CD20, CD3, CD21 en células dendríticas interfoliculares, Ki-67 y negatividad para HHV-8 en centros germinales residuales. CONCLUSIÓN: La extirpación quirúrgica de una masa unicéntrica de tipo hialino-vascular-plasmático es curativa. La evaluación de pacientes con sospecha de esta enfermedad debe incluir, además de la evaluación patológica con inmunotinción, estudios de laboratorio y de imágenes sistémicas con PET-TAC para determinar la extensión de la enfermedad (unicéntrica o multicéntrica) y para los marcadores de seguimiento.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Castleman's disease, or angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for most physicians. It may be associated with viral infections, such as herpes virus type 8, or be idiopathic. In turn, it can be localized in a single region (unicentric) or affect several (multicentric). It is usually diagnosed in the fourth decade of life and is a finding when it is the unicentric variant. CLINICAL CASE: 19 year old patient who came to consult due to the appearance of a nodule in the right breast. Breast and axillary ultrasound showed bilateral fibroadenomas and adenomegaly on the left side, with high vascularity. It was classified as BIRADS 3. The histopathological report of the biopsy, with cutting needle, of the left axillary node was: atypical lymphoid proliferation. Immunohistochemistry reported positivity for: CD20, CD3, CD21 on interfollicular dendritic cells, Ki-67 and negativity for HHV-8 in residual germinal centers. CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of a unicentric hyaline-vascular-plasmic type mass is curative. Evaluation of patients with suspected disease should include, in addition to pathologic evaluation with immunostaining, laboratory and systemic imaging studies with PET-CT to determine the extent of disease (unicentric or multicentric) and for follow-up markers.

Fiebre de malta: Reporte de caso / Malta fever: Clinical case

Resumen Introducción: La fiebre de malta (brucelosis) es una infección zoonótica producida por cocobacilos gramnegativos, intracelulares facultativos, los cuales se transmiten por el consumo de productos animales no pasteurizados infectados, el contacto de la piel o las membranas mucosas con tejido animal infectado, fluidos animales infectados e inhalación de partículas aerosolizadas infectadas. Caso: Hombre de 34 años residente en zona rural, quien se dedicaba a la ganadería, ingreso a urgencias por presentar cuadro clínico de 15 días de evolución consistente en picos febriles no cuantificados asociados a escalofríos, astenia, adinamia y mialgias. Mediante la correlación clínico-patológica se llegó al diagnóstico de infección por Brucella Abortus. Conclusión : Esta patología es más frecuente en varones adultos. Dentro del cuadro clínico, Los estudios de serológicos (anticuerpos, aglutinación y ensayo inmunocromatográfico) tienen la mayor sensibilidad y especificidad diagnostica. El tratamiento se da con medicamentos que actúen en entornos intracelulares ácidos (tetraciclinas, aminoglucosidos, fluoroquinolonas), esto con el fin de controlar la enfermedad, prevenir las complicaciones y evitar las recaídas.

Abstract Introduction: Malta fever (brucellosis) is a zoonotic infection produced by intracellular gram-negative coccobacilli, which is transmitted by the consumption of infected unpasteurized animal products, skin contact or mucous membranes with infected animal tissues and fluids, and inhalation of infected aerosolized particles. Case: A 34-year-old man living in a rural area, who works in livestock, was admitted to the emergency department for presenting a clinical picture of 15 days of evolution of unquantified febrile peaks associated with symptoms such as chills, asthenia, adynamia and myalgia. The diagnosis of infection with Brucella Abortus was given through clinical-pathological correlation. Conclusion: This pathology is more frequent in adult males. Serological studies (antibodies, agglutination and immunochromatographic assay) prove to have the highest sensitivity and diagnostic specificity in the clinical picture. The treatment is given with medication that acts on intracellular acidic environment (tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones), this in order to control the disease, and prevent complications and relapses.

Rabdomiólisis en un caso de síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundario a neumonía por COVID-19 / Rhabdomyolysis in a case of Acute Respiratory Failure Syndrome secondary to COVID-19 Pneumonia / Rabdomiólise em um caso de síndrome de insuficiência respiratória aguda secundária a pneumonia por COVID-19

Resumen: La rabdomiólisis es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la destrucción del músculo esquelético con la resultante liberación del contenido intracelular enzimático hacia la circulación sanguínea, puede llevar a complicaciones sistémicas, entre ellas la falla renal como una de las más graves. Las causas descritas son múltiples, desde el ejercicio excesivo, el trauma, medicamentos y drogas, hasta enfermedades infecciosas como las neumonías virales. La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 es una emergencia de salud pública. Pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 presentan principalmente fiebre, tos y disnea. Esta sintomatología puede evolucionar a un cuadro de dificultad respiratoria severa y neumonía grave. Además, se han notificado manifestaciones sistémicas extrapulmonares, entre ellas, su asociación con rabdomiólisis.

Abstract: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical entity characterized by the destruction of skeletal muscle with the resulting release of intracellular enzyme content into the blood circulation that can lead to systemic complications, including kidney failure as one of the most serious. The causes described are excessive exercise, trauma, medications and drugs, to infectious diseases such as viral pneumonia. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a public health emergency. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly present with fever, cough, and dyspnea. This symptomatology can evolve into a picture of severe respiratory distress and severe pneumonia. In addition, extrapulmonary systemic manifestations have been reported, including its association with rhabdomyolysis.

Resumo: A rabdomiólise é uma entidade clínica caracterizada pela destruição do músculo esquelético com a consequente liberação de conteúdo enzimático intracelular na corrente sanguínea que pode levar a complicações sistêmicas, dentre elas a insuficiência renal como uma das mais graves. As causas descritas são múltiplas, desde exercícios excessivos, traumas, medicamentos e drogas, até doenças infecciosas como pneumonia viral. A doença do coronavírus 2019 é uma emergência de saúde pública. Os pacientes com infecção por SARS-COV-2 apresentam principalmente febre, tosse e dispneia. Esses sintomas podem evoluir para desconforto respiratório grave e pneumonia grave. Manifestações sistêmicas extrapulmonares também foram relatadas, incluindo sua associação com rabdomiólise.

Real-Time Analysis of Polyphenol-Protein Interactions by Surface Plasmon Resonance Using Surface-Bound Polyphenols.

A selection of bioactive polyphenols of different structural classes, such as the ellagitannins vescalagin and vescalin, the flavanoids catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and procyanidin B2, and the stilbenoids resveratrol and piceatannol, were chemically modified to bear a biotin unit for enabling their immobilization on streptavidin-coated sensor chips. These sensor chips were used to evaluate in real time by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) the interactions of three different surface-bound polyphenolic ligands per sensor chip with various protein analytes, including human DNA topoisomerase IIα, flavonoid leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, B-cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator protein, and bovine serum albumin. The types and levels of SPR responses unveiled major differences in the association, or lack thereof, and dissociation between a given protein analyte and different polyphenolic ligands. Thus, this multi-analysis SPR technique is a valuable methodology to rapidly screen and qualitatively compare various polyphenol-protein interactions.

Validation of an instrument to measure adherence to type 2 diabetes management.

Background Adherence to type 2 diabetes management is defined as the extent to which the behaviour of a person matches the one recommended by health care professionals. Control of this disease depends on adherence to diabetes management, which includes monitoring blood glucose levels, adopting a healthy diet, exercising, taking medication, quitting smoking, and undergoing psychosocial care and periodic check-ups. This can also prevent health complications and reduce medical costs. Objective The objective of this study is to validate a culturally appropriate instrument directed towards the Mexican population that measures a patient's level of adherence to their type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Method The study design was cross-sectional. The instrument was applied individually (face to face researcher-assisted survey) by a member of the team. The study sample included 200 participants, which were attended at an outpatient clinic. To evaluate the psychometric validity of the scale we calculated response frequencies, the discrimination of items for extreme groups, the validity, and the internal reliability. The scale of adherence for complete management in patients with type 2 diabetes includes disease monitoring, complication prevention, and social support using questions and answers based on the Likert scale, corresponding to the 5 stages of the transtheoretical model. Main outcome measure The validity and internal reliability of the instrument to measure adherence to type 2 diabetes management, which proved to be justifiable and reliable with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92 and a total explained variance of 65.03%. Results The instrument was composed of 29 items and 6 factors: adherence to medical Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 and dietary treatment Cronbach's alpha = 0.88, change in dietary habits Cronbach's alpha = 0.89, adherence to physical activity and exercise Cronbach's alpha = 0.84, social support Cronbach's alpha = 0.79, and prevention of complications Cronbach's alpha = 0.70. The instrument obtained a content validity index (I-CVI) of 0.9. Conclusion The proposed instrument, which includes factors that measure adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient's management, using the transtheoretical model of behaviour change to simultaneously identify patient motivation to change their lifestyle, is valid and reliable.

Adaptación cultural y validación del cuestionario Ocular Surface Disease Index en una población chilena / Validation of the Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire for Chilean patients

Background: Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) is the most commonly used questionnaire worldwide to detect dry eye disease. Although it is massively used in clinical practice in Chile, its use has not been validated yet in the country. Aim: To develop a cultural adaptation and to validate the OSDI questionnaire for the Chilean population. Material and Methods: For cultural adaptation, a translation, retro-translation and an expert panel review was carried out. The resulting questionnaire was applied to a pilot group of twelve participants and their comments were considered for the final questionnaire version. The final questionnaire was applied to a non-random sample of 200 patients aged 53 ± 17 years (75% women). Internal consistency and construct validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis respectively. Results: According to the OSDI score, 81% of respondents had dry eye (55% severe). Reliability was 0.91 and factor analysis resulted in three factors explaining 75.4% of the total variance. Conclusions: The OSDI questionnaire version obtained in this study demonstrated excellent internal consistency values and adequate construct validity making it applicable to clinical practice and dry eye research.

Días de gestación ganados con diferentes técnicas de cerclaje en pacientes con insuficiencia cervical / Gestational days gained with different cerclage techniques in patients with cervical incompetence

Resumen OBJETIVO: Reportar la experiencia en la práctica de cerclajes con indicación profiláctica y terapéutica en pacientes con embarazo único o múltiple, con insuficiencia cervical. Además, informar los días de gestación ganados y comparar las técnicas quirúrgicas con los cerclajes. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, comparativo y transversal efectuado entre enero de 2011 y enero de 2018. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes a quienes se efectuó un cerclaje y el embarazo finalizó en nuestra unidad. Variables de estudio: edad, IMC, embarazos, abortos, días de gestación ganados, días en que se efectuó el procedimiento quirúrgico, semanas de gestación cumplidas a la finalización del embarazo, tiempo quirúrgico, medicamentos (tocolíticos y antibióticos), complicaciones a partir del cerclaje hasta la finalización del embarazo. Para el análisis descriptivo se utilizó el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS (versión 22); la distribución se obtuvo con t de Student, se aplicó la prueba de normalidad Shapiro-Wilk y las variables con distribución normal se analizaron, comparativamente, con ANOVA y las de distribución anormal con la prueba Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 37 casos en los que el cerclaje prolongó 116.14 ± 47.4 días la gestación, con finalización promedio del embarazo a los 246.41 ± 26.54 días. El cerclaje Shirodkar fue superior: prolongó la gestación 134.69 días con finalización del embarazo a las 36 ± 2 semanas. CONCLUSIONES: En pacientes con insuficiencia cervical el cerclaje es una opción para prolongar el embarazo. La técnica Shirodkar tuvo márgenes de mayor seguridad hasta la finalización del embarazo (más de 34 semanas). El comportamiento en embarazos múltiples es similar, por lo que en caso de insuficiencia cervical debe aplicarse.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To report the experience in the practice of cerclages with prophylactic and therapeutic indication in patients with single or multiple pregnancy, with cervical incompetence. In addition, report the days of pregnancy gained, compare surgical techniques and cerclages in single and multiple gestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study carried out between January 2011 and January 2018. Inclusion criteria: patients who had a cerclage and the pregnancy ended in our unit. Study variables: age, BMI, pregnancies, abortions, days of gestation earned, days in which they were placed, weeks of gestation completed at the end of pregnancy, surgical time, medications (tocolytics and antibiotics), complications from the placement of the cerclage until the end of pregnancy. For the descriptive analysis the statistical package IBM SPSS (version 22) was used; the distribution was obtained with Student's t test, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied and the variables with normal distribution were analyzed, comparatively, with ANOVA and those with abnormal distribution with the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: 37 cases were analyzed in which the placement of cerclage prolonged 116.14 ± 47.4 days gestation, with an average termination of pregnancy at 246.41 ± 26.54 days. The Shirodkar cerclage was superior: it extended gestation 134.69 days with the end of pregnancy at 36 ± 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cervical incompetence cerclages are an option to prolong pregnancy. The Shirodkar technique had higher safety margins until the end of pregnancy (more than 34 weeks). The behavior in multiple pregnancies is similar, so in case of cervical incompetence should be applied.

Capacidad buffer de la saliva y su relación con la prevalencia de caries, con la ingesta de diferentes bebidas comerciales / Buffer capacity of saliva and its relation to the prevalence of caries, with the intake of different commercial drinks

Resumen En la actualidad tanto el consumo de jugos, como de bebidas gaseosas, es muy común en la dieta diaria de la población infantil, estas ofrecen diferentes sabores, además de un alto contenido de azúcar. En este estudio se hizo un análisis de la capacidad buffer de la saliva ante la ingesta de diferentes tipos de bebidas consideradas saludables y no saludables. Se utilizaron dos tipos de instrumentos, un examen clínico aplicado a 62 estudiantes para determinar la prevalencia de caries según ICDAS y un segundo instrumento que consta de una tabla aplicada a los mismos 62 estudiantes con la finalidad de analizar la capacidad buffer de la saliva mediante la toma del pH a intervalos de 15, 35 y 45 minutos después de ingerir las bebidas. Como conclusión se obtuvo que para las bebidas consideradas no saludables el pH tardó más en neutralizarse, mientras que la bebida saludable logró su neutralización más rápido, con una baja prevalencia de caries.

Abstract Nowadays the consumption of juices, and soft drinks, is very common in the children's diet, they offer different flavours and a high content of sugar. In this study, an analysis of the buffer capacity of the saliva was made in view of the intake of different types of beverages considered healthy and unhealthy. Two types of instruments were used, a clinical test applied to 62 students to determine the prevalence of caries according to ICDAS and a second instrument that consists of a chart applied to the same 62 students with the purpose of analyzing the buffer capacity by taking the pH on intervals of 15, 35 and 45 minutes after drinking the beverages. As a conclusion, it was obtained that for the drinks considered unhealthy, the pH took longer to neutralize, while the healthy drink achieved its neutralization faster, with a low prevalence of caries.

Anti-osteoclastic effects of C-glucosidic ellagitannins mediated by actin perturbation.

Actin subunits assemble into actin filaments whose dynamics and three-dimensional architectures are further regulated by a variety of cellular factors to establish the functional actin cytoskeleton. The C-glucosidic ellagitannin vescalagin and its simpler analogue vescalin, affect both the dynamics and the ultrastructure of the actin cytoskeleton by directly binding to F-actin. Herein, we show that in vitro, the two compounds induce the formation of distinct F-actin networks characterized by different superstructures and dynamics. In living mature osteoclasts, highly specialized bone-degrading cells that constantly remodel their cytoskeleton, vescalagin and vescalin alter actin dynamics at podosomes and compromise the integrity of the podosome belt that forms the bone-degrading apparatus. Both compounds target the bone-resorbing activity at concentrations that preserve osteoclastic maturation and survival and with no detectable impact on the behaviour of bone-forming osteoblastic cells. This anti-osteoclastic activity of vescalagin and vescalin reveals the potential of targeting actin dynamics as a new therapeutic opportunity and, in this case, as a plausible approach for the local treatment of osteoporosis.

Incidence of early postanesthetic hypoxemia in the postanesthetic care unit and related factors / Incidencia de la hipoxemia postanestésica temprana en la unidad de cuidados postanestésicos y factores relacionados

Abstract Introduction: Postoperative hypoxemia is a frequent adverse event in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU). Incidence varies substantially, between 14% and 80%, depending on the complexity of the referral center and the characteristics of the population, with the potential for severe and even fatal outcomes. Objective: To determine the incidence of early postoperative hypoxemia (EPH) in the PACU and identify related clinical factors. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical observational study in adult patients taken to the PACU following surgical procedures under general or neuroaxial anesthesia, between April and May 2017. Peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was recorded on admission to the PACU. Factors associated with the development of EPH were evaluated using simple logistic and multivariate regression step by step. Results: Overall, 365 patients were included. Median age was 49 years (interquartile range 36-63 years), half of them were women (55.3%), and 7.4% had lung disease. Of the total number of patients, 60 developed EPH, for an incidence of 16%. Age, a history of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and anesthesia time were statistically significant associated factors. The type of anesthesia, the type of surgery, and the surgical site were not significant associated factors. Conclusion: It is recommended to identify elderly patients, a history of OSAS, and potential exposure to prolonged anesthesia time in order to implement strategies designed to reduce the risk of EPH.

Resumen Introducción: La hipoxemia postoperatoria es un evento adverso frecuente en la Unidad de Cuidados Postanestésicos (UCPA). Su incidencia varía ampliamente entre 14 a 80% según la complejidad del centro de referencia y características de la población, con posibilidad de desenlaces severos e incluso fatales. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de hipoxemia postoperatoria temprana (HPT) en UCPA y sus factores clínicos relacionados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico transversal de pacientes adultos ingresados a la UCPA después de ser sometidos a procedimientos quirúrgicos bajo anestesia general o neuroaxial entre abril y mayo 2017. Se registró la saturación arterial periférica de oxígeno al ingreso de UCPA, durante la primera y segunda horas postoperatorias. Los factores asociados al desarrollo de HPT fueron evaluados mediante regresión logística simple y multivariada paso a paso. Resultados: Se incluyeron 365 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue 49 años (rango intercuartíl [RIC] 36-63 años), la mitad fueron mujeres (55.3%) y 7.4% tenían patología pulmonar. De la totalidad de pacientes, 60 desarrollaron HPT representando una incidencia de 16%. La edad, antecedente de Síndrome de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) y tiempo de anestesia fueron factores asociados estadísticamente significativos. El tipo de anestesia, tipo de cirugía y sitio quirúrgico no fueron factores asociados significativos. Conclusión: Se recomienda identificar de manera prequirúrgica pacientes con edad avanzada, antecedente de SAOS y posible exposición a tiempos prolongados de anestesia, con el fin de implementar estrategias que puedan disminuir el riesgo de HPT.

Liposarcoma en lactante: Reporte de un caso / Liposarcoma in an infant: Case report

Liposarcomas, tumores adiposos propios en edad adulta, excepcional en niños, reportándose solo el 6% de los casos en la 2da década de la vida, dos tercios son lipomas, 30% lipoblastomas y 2% liposarcomas. Lactante menor de 10 meses con aumento de volumen progresivo en región gemelar derecha de 3 meses de evolución, masa palpable de 10,5 x 19 cm, renitente, no dolorosa, bordes definidos, circulación colateral, funcionalidad normal. Ecosonogramas: no concluyente. Biopsia insicional: fibrolipomas adultos diferenciados. Biopsia excisional: tumor lipomatoso gigante con patrón mixoide consono con lipoma. Inmunohistoquimico: liposarcoma de bajo grado, positivo para proteína s-100.

Liposarcoma, fatty tumors described in adults, rare in children, reporting only 6% of cases in the 2nd decade of life, two-thirds are lipomas, 30% lipoblastomas and 2% liposarcoma. A 10 month old infant with progressive increase of the right gastrocnemius region with a 3 months evolution, with palpable mass of 10.5 x 19 cm, painless, defined borders, collateral circulation and normal functionality. Ecosonograms: inconclusive. Incisional biopsy reports: differentiated adult fibrolipomas. Excisional biopsy reports: giant lipomatous tumor with myxoid pattern consistent with lipoma. Immunohistochemical reports: low-grade liposarcoma positive for s-100 protein.

Effect of estradiol on the expression of angiogenic factors in epithelial ovarian cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian cancer presents a high angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) regulated by pro-angiogenic factors, mainly vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). An association between endogenous levels of estrogen and increased risk of developing ovarian cancer has been reported. Estrogen action is mediated by the binding to its specific receptors (ERα and ERß), altered ERα/ERß ratio may constitute a marker of ovarian carcinogenesis progression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of estradiol through ERα on the expression of NGF and VEGF in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODOLOGY: Levels of phosphorylated estrogen receptor alpha (pERα) were evaluated in well, moderate and poorly differentiated EOC samples (EOC-I, EOC-II, EOC-III). Additionally, ovarian cancer explants were stimulated with NGF (0, 10 and 100 ng/ml) and ERα, ERß and pERα levels were detected. Finally, human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) and epithelial ovarian cancer (A2780) cell lines were stimulated with estradiol, where NGF and VEGF protein levels were evaluated. RESULTS: In tissues, ERs were detected being pERα levels significantly increased in EOC-III samples compared with EOC-I (p<0.05). Additionally, ovarian explants treated with NGF increased pERα levels meanwhile total ERα and ERß levels did not change. Cell lines stimulated with estradiol revealed an increase of NGF and VEGF protein levels (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Estradiol has a positive effect on pro-angiogenic factors such as NGF and VEGF expression in EOC, probably through the activation of ERα; generating a positive loop induced by NGF increasing pERα levels in epithelial ovarian cells.

Cuidado bucal en mayores dependientes de un programa de cuidados domiciliarios / Oral care of dependent elderly in a domiciliary care program

Propósito Determinar las características de los cuidadores, su capacitación y rol en el cuidado de la higiene bucal del adulto mayor dependiente del Programa de cuidados domiciliarios de la comuna de Providencia. Método Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, seleccionándose una muestra de 75 cuidadores mediante un muestreo aleatorizado simple del listado de pacientes adultos mayores pertenecientes al Programa de cuidados domiciliarios de la comuna de Providencia, Santiago, Chile. Se evaluó mediante un cuestionario las características del cuidador, entrenamiento en higiene bucal, frecuencia y dificultades a la hora de realizar la higiene bucal y quién realiza la higiene bucal según el nivel de dependencia de la persona mayor (índice de Katz). Resultados La mayoría de los cuidadores no ha recibido entrenamiento en el cuidado bucal (73,4%). El 57,3% ha realizado alguna vez la higiene bucal de la persona mayor y la mayoría ha tendido dificultades (82,7%), principalmente que el adulto mayor no quiere que otra persona lo realice. Todos los dependientes leves realizan por sí mismos el cuidado de su higiene bucal, pero la mayoría de los dependientes severos requiere de ayuda (7,9%), o que definitivamente el cuidador la realice (76,3%). Conclusiones Resulta fundamental mejorar la instrucción sobre higiene bucal en los ciudadores de adultos mayores dependientes domiciliarios. A mayor nivel de dependencia, el rol del cuidador en la higiene bucal cobra mayor importancia.

Purpose To determine the characteristics of the caregivers, their training and role in oral health care practices of the dependent elderly in a Domiciliary Care Program, Commune of Providencia. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomised sample of elderly individuals, who were part of the Domiciliary Care Program in the Commune of Providencia, Santiago, Chile. A questionnaire was used to determine the caregiver characteristics, their training in oral health care, frequency of oral hygiene, and difficulties in carrying it out, as well as who performs the hygiene according to the level of dependency of the elderly person (Katz Index). Results Most (73.4%) of the caregivers have not received any training for oral health care. More than half (57,3%) of the caregivers have carry out the oral hygiene of an elder and the majority (82.7%) had difficulties to complete it, mostly the elder doesn’t allow other people do the hygiene. All elders with mild dependency perform their own oral hygiene but the majority of elders with severe dependency need help (7.9%) or the caregiver must do it (76.3%). Conclusions It is fundamental to improve caregiver training on oral health care of domiciliary dependent elderly people. When dependency increases, the role of the caregiver in oral hygiene is most important.