Primeras recomendaciones de consenso SLANH - COLABIOCLI / Primeiras Recomendações de Consenso SLANH - COLABIOCLI / (Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión - Confederación Latinoamericana de Bioquímica Clínica) / Informe de la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada junto a la determinación de la creatininemia en población adulta / First SLANH-COLABIOCLI Consensus Recommendations

Resumen La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es de alta prevalencia en América Latina y en todo el mundo. Se estima que entre 10 y 20% de la población adulta es portadora de ERC y su prevalencia va en aumento. La ERC progresa en forma silenciosa. Su diagnóstico temprano y oportuno permite iniciar un tratamiento efectivo, en la mayoría de los casos, para detener la enfermedad. Desde hace mucho tiempo, el análisis de la creatininemia es la principal prueba utilizada para valorar la función renal, pero su confiabilidad es limitada. De acuerdo con las recomendaciones de las GUIAS KDOQI del año 2002 la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) obtenida a través de fórmulas, se estableció como una de las herramientas principales para detectar la enfermedad renal de manera precoz, ya que alerta de forma precisa al médico y al equipo de salud sobre el nivel de función renal del paciente. La detección de una TFGe disminuida (menor de 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) es clínicamente relevante, ya que permite establecer el diagnóstico de enfermedad renal en adultos. En el año 2022, en una encuesta realizada por SLANH y COLABIOCLI dirigida a los laboratorios de análisis clínicos de América Latina (n: 237), el 49% de los mismos no informaban la TFGe rutinariamente. En base a esta realidad SLANH y COLABIOCLI elaboraron estas recomendaciones de consenso en referencia al uso de la TFGe.

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high prevalence worldwide and in Latin America (10 to 20% of the adult population) and is increasing. CKD progresses silently. Opportune diagnosis and treatment are effective in most cases to improve outcomes. Serum creatinine was the main test to assess kidney function, but its reliability is limited. Through the KDOQI Guidelines 2002, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) obtained from equations was established as one of the main tools for the early detection of kidney disease in clinical practice. The detection of a decreased eGFR (less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) is clinically relevant. This cut-off level establishes the diagnosis of kidney disease in adults. In 2022 SLANH and COLABIOCLI conducted a survey among the clinical laboratories from Latin America. The survey included 237 laboratories, 49% of which did not routinely report the eGFR. Based on this situation, SLANH and COLABIOCLI have elaborated the following consensus recommendations regarding the use of eGFR.

Resumo A doença renal crônica (DRC) é altamente prevalente na América Latina e em todo o mundo. Estima-se que entre 10 e 20% da população adulta seja portadora de DRC e sua prevalência esteja aumentando. A DRC progride silenciosamente. Seu diagnóstico precoce e oportuno permite iniciar um tratamento eficaz, na maioria dos casos, para estancar a doença. Faz muito tempo, a análise da creatinina tem sido o principal teste usado para avaliar a função renal mas sua confiabilidade é limitada. De acordo com as recomendações dos GUIAS KDOQI do ano de 2002, a estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular (eGFR), obtida por meio de fórmulas, consolidou-se como uma das principais ferramentas para a detecção precoce da doença renal, visto que alerta com precisão ao médico e ao equipe de saúde sobre o nível de função renal do paciente. A detecção de uma eGFR diminuída (inferior a 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) é clinicamente relevante, pois permite estabelecer o diagnóstico de doença renal em adultos. No ano de 2022, em pesquisa realizada pela SLANH e COLABIOCLI dirigida a laboratórios de análises clínicas da América Latina (n: 237), 49% deles não relataram rotineiramente eGFR. Com base nessa realidade, SLANH e COLABIOCLI prepararam essas recomendações de consenso sobre o uso de eGFR.

Miositis osificante traumática en recién nacido: reporte de caso / Traumatic myositis ossificans in newborn: a case report

La miositis osificante traumática (MOT) es una enfermedad en la que ocurre osificación heterotópica en dos a cuatro semanas tras uno o múltiples traumatismos. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características clínicas y radiológicas de un caso de MOT en un recién nacido (RN) después de la canulación intravenosa de vía periférica, poco frecuente en la práctica clínica en neonatología. Presentamos a un RN pretérmino de 33 semanas en que, a los 20 días de vida, se evidenció lesión tumoral en el tercio distal del antebrazo izquierdo de 3 cm por 2 cm, que no impresionaba dolor, ni limitación a la movilización, y en la que no había signos infecciosos. El resto del examen físico osteomuscular era normal. En la zona de lesión, tres semanas antes, se había instalado un catéter intravenoso periférico (CIVP). Una radiografía del antebrazo izquierdo demostró lesión calcificada al nivel de las partes blandas, sin disrupción de las estructuras óseas adyacentes; la ecografía del antebrazo reveló una imagen focal ovalada, de contornos parcialmente definidos, con sombra acústica posterior; el resto de los estudios de huesos largos era normal. Los niveles séricos de fosfatasa alcalina, calcio, fósforo también eran normales. En vista de la lesión tumoral al examen físico y la imagen calcificada en partes blandas a través de radiografía simple, con antecedente de microtraumas de VVP, se concluyó MOT. Se hizo seguimiento, con disminución del tamaño hasta que la lesión desapareció a los cuatro meses. No requirió control radiológico. La MOT es infrecuente en el RN, y, en general, la resolución es autolimitada y tiene buen pronóstico

Traumatic myositis ossificans (TMO) is a disorder in which heterotopic ossification occurs two to four weeks after one or multiple traumas. The goal of the present article is to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of a case of TMO in a newborn (NB) after a peripheral intravenous cannulation, a rare procedure in the clinical practice of neonatology. The patient is a premature 33-week-old NB who, 20 days after birth, presented with a 3 cm x 2 cm lump in the distal third of the left forearm that did not seem to cause pain or to limit movements, and with no evidence of infection. The rest of the physical exam was within normal limits. Three weeks before the lesion, a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) was placed in that area. A radiograph of the left forearm showed soft-tissue calcification without disruption of adjacent bone structures. Ultrasound revealed a focal, oval soft tissue lesion with partially-defined borders and posterior acoustic shadow; the rest of study showed normal long bones. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus were all normal. In view of the tumor lesion on the physical examination and the calcified image in softtissue on plain X-ray and a recent history of PIVC microtrauma, we reached to the diagnoses of TMO. During the follow-up, the lesion decreased in size until it completely disappeared four months after the diagnosis. No radiological control was needed. Uncommon in NBs, TMO is generally self-limited and with a good prognosis

[Application of the « Junior Doctor ¼ status in Radiation Oncology]. / Guide du Docteur Junior en oncologie-radiothérapie.

Introduced in 2017, the reform of the 3rd cycle has modified the organization of the residency in all specialties, and in particular radiation oncology. The residency was thus divided into 3 phases with increasing knowledge and responsibilities. The latter, carried out under the status of "junior doctor", created and defined by decree n°2018-571 of July 3, 2018 and the decree of January 16, 2020, is a phase of supervised autonomy of the resident. Radiotherapy is a singular specialty, with multiple and complex activities, and requires multiple skills. A guide defining the status of the "Junior Doctor" in radiation oncology therefore appears necessary, defining each resident's role and obligations. This guide is of an advisory nature and must be adapted to the particularities of each department. This guide aims to help the implementation of the reform of the 3rd cycle in radiation oncology and especially the final year called the consolidation phase. It is destined to evolve, expanded by individual and collective feedback and the constant renewal of our speciality.

Psicoestimulantes menores consumidos por estudiantes de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, 2019 / Minor psychostimulants consumed by students of San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca University, 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el consumo de psicoestimulantes en estudiante de la Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. Se recolectaron los datos mediante encuestas aplicadas a 331 estudiantes. El estudio reveló el psicoestimulante de mayor consumo con 31,88% el café y la coca cola con 26,65%, en su mayoría fueron consumidos con fines académicos. En los efectos secundarios, la sed se estableció como el más frecuente en estudiantes con 30,74%, seguido por cefalea con 27,56% y el cansancio en 14,84%. Se concluye que el café se determina como psicoestimulante menor más consumido en épocas de actividad académica y la sed como el efecto secundario más frecuente.

The objective of the study was to determine the consumption of psychostimulants in a student at the San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca University. The data were collected through surveys applied to 331 students. The study revealed the psychostimulant with the highest consumption with 31.88%, coffee and coca cola with 26.65%, most of which were consumed for academic purposes. Regarding side effects, thirst was established as the most frequent in students with 30.74%, followed by headache with 27.56% and fatigue in 14.84%. It is concluded that coffee is determined as the minor psychostimulant most consumed in times of academic activity and thirst as the most frequent side effect.

Effects of dietary supplementation with a standardized aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit (AyuFlex®) on joint mobility, comfort, and functional capacity in healthy overweight subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Joint and connective tissue integrity, comfort and function are paramount to optimal performance in exercise, recreational and occupational activities. The fruit of Terminalia chebula has been used extensively in various traditional health systems for different ailments, with additional preclinical and clinical data demonstrating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a standardized aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit (AyuFlex®) dietary supplementation on joint mobility, comfort, and functional capacity in healthy overweight subjects. METHODS: One-hundred and five (105) overweight, apparently healthy male and female subjects (35-70 years of age) were pre-screened and randomized to one of three groups for 84 days: placebo, AyuFlex1 (250 mg twice daily) or AyuFlex2 (500 mg twice daily) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. A two-week placebo lead-in period was used to improve data quality/validity. All subjects had no knee joint discomfort at rest, but experienced knee joint discomfort only with activity/exercise of at least 30 on 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Primary outcome measures included symptoms of joint health and function as measured by modified-Knee Injury & Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (mKOOS) global & modified-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (mWOMAC) subscales (discomfort, stiffness and function). Secondary outcomes included VAS questionnaires on overall/whole-body joint health, low back health, knee mobility, willingness and ability to exercise, 6-min walk test for distance and range of motion (ROM) of pain-free knee flexion/extension. Tertiary outcome measures included inflammatory (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and extracellular matrix (ECM)/Connective Tissue (COMP) biomarkers, and safety (vital signs and blood markers) & tolerability (Adverse Event (AE)/ side effect profiles). RESULTS: Compared to placebo, at day 84 AyuFlex® treatment significantly: 1) improved mKOOS global scores in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 (P = 0.023), and improved total and physical function subscale of mWOMAC relative to baseline, 2) improved VAS scores for Knee Discomfort with activity/exercise in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 (P = 0.001) relative to baseline, 3) improved VAS scores for whole-body joint function in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 (P < 0.029) relative to baseline, 4) improved VAS score for decreased knee joint soreness following leg extension challenge for AyuFlex1 (P = 0.022) and AyuFlex2 (P = 0.043) relative to baseline, 5) improved 6-min walk performance distance covered (P = 0.047) and VAS discomfort (P = 0.026) post-6 min walk in AyuFlex1 + AyuFlex2 relative to baseline, 6) and tended to decrease COMP levels in AyuFlex1 + AyuFLex2 (P = 0.104) relative to baseline. All biomarkers of safety remained within normative limits during the study. Low back health tended to improve in the AyuFlex1 and AyuFlex2 group, but failed to reach significance relative to placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: AyuFlex® improved mKOOS global scores, knee joint discomfort with activity/exercise, 6-min walk test distance covered and discomfort post-6 min walk test, overall whole-body joint function, knee soreness following leg extension resistance exercise in a healthy, overweight population, without AE. Differences between 250 mg/BID and 500 mg/BID were non-significant for most of the outcome measures, validating the efficacy of the lower dose. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02589249 ; October 26, 2015.

[Adult experience with the tibialis posterior transposition to the center of the foot in neuromuscular disease]. / Transposición tendinosa del tibial posterior al centro del pie en lesiones neuromusculares. Experiencia en pacientes adultos.

The transfer of the posterior tibial tendon to the center of the dorsum of the foot is a method used to achieve dorsiflexion in flaccid paralysis of the anterolateral leg muscles or muscular imbalance of clubfoot. OBJECTIVE: To describe functional results back to the surgical procedure for transposition of posterior tibial the center of the foot. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study design was observational, descriptive, transversal, ambispective with a description of the world of work patients with impaired dorsiflexora foot muscles and impaired gait in the period January 2008 to December 2014. RESULTS: A total of 18 patients who were candidates for what this type of treatment was obtained. DISCUSSION: We believe that this study can be estimated as generating hypotheses about whether it is a superior alternative to arthrodesis. For this plan to continue studies in this field, with an increased number of assessments both before and after surgery to have more objective results and a greater number of individuals.

La transferencia del tibial posterior al centro del dorso del pie es un método que se utiliza para lograr la dorsiflexión en parálisis flácida de la musculatura anteroexterna de la pierna o para contrarrestar el desequilibrio muscular del pie equino varo. Objetivo: Describir los resultados funcionales después del procedimiento quirúrgico de transposición del tibial posterior al centro del pie. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y ambispectivo con una descripción del universo de trabajo en pacientes con deficiencia de la musculatura dorsiflexora del pie y afectación de la marcha en el período de Enero de 2008 a Diciembre de 2014. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 18 pacientes. Discusión: Creemos que este estudio podría considerarse como generador de hipótesis sobre si representa una alternativa superior a la artrodesis. Para ello proponemos continuar estudios en esta rama con mayor cantidad de evaluaciones en el preoperatorio y postoperatorio para obtener resultados más objetivos y con un grupo más amplio de individuos.

Transposición tendinosa del tibial posterior al centro del pie en lesiones neuromusculares. Experiencia en pacientes adultos / Adult experience with the tibialis posterior transposition to the center of the foot in neuromuscular disease

Resumen: La transferencia del tibial posterior al centro del dorso del pie es un método que se utiliza para lograr la dorsiflexión en parálisis flácida de la musculatura anteroexterna de la pierna o para contrarrestar el desequilibrio muscular del pie equino varo. Objetivo: Describir los resultados funcionales después del procedimiento quirúrgico de transposición del tibial posterior al centro del pie. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y ambispectivo con una descripción del universo de trabajo en pacientes con deficiencia de la musculatura dorsiflexora del pie y afectación de la marcha en el período de Enero de 2008 a Diciembre de 2014. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 18 pacientes. Discusión: Creemos que este estudio podría considerarse como generador de hipótesis sobre si representa una alternativa superior a la artrodesis. Para ello proponemos continuar estudios en esta rama con mayor cantidad de evaluaciones en el preoperatorio y postoperatorio para obtener resultados más objetivos y con un grupo más amplio de individuos.

Abstract: The transfer of the posterior tibial tendon to the center of the dorsum of the foot is a method used to achieve dorsiflexion in flaccid paralysis of the anterolateral leg muscles or muscular imbalance of clubfoot. Objective: To describe functional results back to the surgical procedure for transposition of posterior tibial the center of the foot. Material and methods: The study design was observational, descriptive, transversal, ambispective with a description of the world of work patients with impaired dorsiflexora foot muscles and impaired gait in the period January 2008 to December 2014. Results: A total of 18 patients who were candidates for what this type of treatment was obtained. Discussion: We believe that this study can be estimated as generating hypotheses about whether it is a superior alternative to arthrodesis. For this plan to continue studies in this field, with an increased number of assessments both before and after surgery to have more objective results and a greater number of individuals.

Effects of an amylopectin and chromium complex on the anabolic response to a suboptimal dose of whey protein.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated the permissive effect of insulin on muscle protein kinetics, and the enhanced insulin sensitizing effect of chromium. In the presence of adequate whole protein and/or essential amino acids (EAA), insulin has a stimulatory effect on muscle protein synthesis, whereas in conditions of lower blood EAA concentrations, insulin has an inhibitory effect on protein breakdown. In this study, we determined the effect of an amylopectin/chromium (ACr) complex on changes in plasma concentrations of EAA, insulin, glucose, and the fractional rate of muscle protein synthesis (FSR). METHODS: Using a double-blind, cross-over design, ten subjects (six men, four women) consumed 6 g whey protein + 2 g of the amylopectin-chromium complex (WPACr) or 6 g whey protein (WP) after an overnight fast. FSR was measured using a primed, continuous infusion of ring-d5-phenylalanine with serial muscle biopsies performed at 2, 4, and 8 h. Plasma EAA and insulin were assayed by ion-exchange chromatography and ELISA, respectively. After the biopsy at 4 h, subjects ingested their respective supplement, completed eight sets of bilateral isotonic leg extensions at 80% of their estimated 1-RM, and a final biopsy was obtained 4 h later. RESULTS: Both trials increased EAA similarly, with peak levels noted 30 min after ingestion. Insulin tended (p = 0.09) to be higher in the WPACr trial. Paired samples t-tests using baseline and 4-h post-ingestion FSR data separately for each group revealed significant increases in the WPACr group (+0.0197%/h, p = 0.0004) and no difference in the WP group (+0.01215%/hr, p = 0.23). Independent t-tests confirmed significant (p = 0.045) differences in post-treatment FSR between trials. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the addition of ACr to a 6 g dose of whey protein (WPACr) increases the FSR response beyond what is seen with a suboptimal dose of whey protein alone.

Diferencias en las concentraciones de ácido úrico en pacientes hipertensos, normotensos y prehipertensos / Differences in levels of uric acid in hypertensive, normotensive and prehypertensive patients

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: la prehipertensión es una condición que aumenta el riesgo de padecer hipertensión arterial. Las concentraciones séricas elevadas de ácido úrico se asocian con hipertensión arterial y dificultan su control. OBJETIVO: evaluar las concentraciones circulantes de ácido úrico en pacientes prehipertensos en comparación con las de sujetos normotensos e hipertensos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio clínico transversal en el que de enero a junio de 2016 las concentraciones séricas de ácido úrico se determinaron por método enzimático en pacientes con prehipertensión (de acuerdo con los criterios del JNC VII), así como en sujetos normotensos y sujetos hipertensos. Los métodos estadísticos usados fueron ANOVA y prueba exacta de Fisher. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 90 pacientes con prehipertensión, 90 sujetos normotensos y 90 sujetos hipertensos. Encontramos que el grupo de prehipertensos tuvo valores significativamente mayores de ácido úrico que los normotensos (6.24±1.5 mg/dL vs 5.4±1.2 mg/dL, p=0.000206), mientras que aunque los valores en hipertensos fueron superiores (6.7±2 mg/dL), no alcanzaron significación estadística con los prehipertensos (p=0.99). Encontramos asociación significativa entre hiperuricemia con prehipertensión (p=0.015 IC 95%; 1.18-3.99). CONCLUSIONES: los pacientes prehipertensos mostraron concentraciones de ácido úrico superiores a las de los normotensos y aunque los valores mencionados fueron menores que en los hipertensos, esto no fue significativo. La hiperuricemia puede contribuir, al menos en parte, a mayor progresión hacia hipertensión arterial observada en los prehipertensos.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Prehypertension increases the risk of hypertension, serum uric acid levels are also associated with increased risk of hypertension. Increased levels of resistin and/or decreased levels of adiponectin are associated with cardiovascular mortality and the development of hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate uric acid serum levels in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A clinical, cross-sectional study was made from January to June 2016 in which circulating levels of uric acid were measured (enzymatic method) in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive patients. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Fisher test. RESULTS: Ninety normotensive, 90 prehypertensive and 90 hypertensive patients were included. Prehypertensive patients have significantly greater levels of uric acid than normotensive subjects (6.24±1.5 mg/dL vs 5.4±1.2 mg/dL, p=0.000206). We also observed that hypertensive patients had increased, although non-significantly, values of uric acid than prehypertensive subjects (6.7±2 mg/dL, p=0.99). We also found a significantly association between hyperuricemia and prehypertension (p=0.015 IC 95%; 1.18-3.99). CONCLUSIONS: Prehypertensive patients had greater levels of uric acid when compared with normotensive subjects, this may explain why prehypertensive patients shown increased risk for hypertension than normotensive patients.

[Fluoroquinolones: Non-antibacterial properties]. / Fluoroquinolonas: perspectivas no antibacterianas.

Fluoroquinolones are a class of well-established chemotherapeutic agents with a potent biological activity being the structure of 4-quinolone-3-carboxilic acids privileged because it contains different sites for functionalization allowing expand its use in clinical practice for their antifungal, antiviral and anticancer activities. Quinolones structural changes have resulted in a first, second, third and fourth generation of drugs so it is advisable to continue modifying existing structures in new ways to generate compounds with desirable biological and pharmacological properties.

Survival of acral lentiginous melanoma in the National Cancer Institute of Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine survival of a cohort of patients with acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), treated at the National Cancer Institute of Colombia, the largest referral hospital of the country. METHODS: All patients diagnosed with an invasive ALM between 2003 and 2009 at the Colombian National Cancer Institute were included for analyses and followed for vital status and date of death. Using Kaplan-Meier methods, overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years post diagnosis was determined, and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the variables showing a significant effect on survival in univariate analyses. RESULTS: Overall survival of this cohort of 90 patients was 77% at 1 year, 59% at 3 years and 54% at 5 years after diagnosis. Females had a better prognosis in univariate analyses but this advantage disappeared in multivariate models. Clinical stage was a strong predictor of survival, in univariate and multivariate models, particularly among elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of ALM in Colombia is relatively poor, particularly for patients with higher clinical stage. The large proportions of ALM diagnosed in stage III and IV explain the relatively poor survival, and illustrate the importance of improving prognosis by lowering stage at diagnosis through better education and early detection programmes.

Feeding value of supplemental curcas crude oil in finishing diets for feedlot lambs.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the feeding value of a mechanically extracted nontoxic variety of oil (JCO) as source of energy for feedlot lambs. Twenty Pelibuey × Katahdin lambs were individually fed a dry-rolled-corn-based finishing diet supplemented with 0%, 2%, 4%, or 6% JCO (diet dry matter basis). Supplemental JCO replaced dry rolled corn in the basal diet. Fatty acid composition of JCO was C16:0, 14.0%; C18:0, 8.2%; C18:1, 26.0%; C18:2, 50.3%, and C18:3, 0.4%. Daily intakes of JCO averaged 24.7, 51.1, and 77.3 g/day or 0.57, 1.08, and 1.62 g/kg LW for the 2%, 4%, and 6% levels of supplementation, respectively. Supplemental JCO did not affect ( = 0.33) dry matter intake (DMI), but tended to increase (linear effect, = 0.06) average daily gain, efficiency of gain (linear effect, < 0.01), and dietary net energy (linear effect, < 0.01) and decreased (linear effect, < 0.01) the ratio of observed/expected DMI. At low levels (20 g/kg diet dry matter) of supplementation, the net energy (NE) value of JCO corresponds closely (0.99) to the NE value assigned by current standards (), and this NE value decreased linearly as the inclusion level of JCO increased. There were not treatment effects on plasma metabolites. Across treatments, the concentrations of hemoglobin (11.64 ± 1.08 g/dL), hematocrit (39.15 ± 3.67%), glucose (85.2 ± 17.64 mg/dL), creatinine (1.43 ± 0.28 mg/dL), and urea (20.70 ± 4.35 mg/dL) were within normal (9-15 g/dL, 27%-40%, 50-90 mg/dL, 1.0-1.8 mg/dL, and 15-50 mg/dL, for hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, creatinine, and urea, respectively) ranges for healthy lambs. Based on DMI, performance and plasma metabolites observed in this study, nontoxic JCO is a suitable source of energy in finishing diets for lambs.

Human Papillomavirus E2 Regulates SRSF3 (SRp20) To Promote Capsid Protein Expression in Infected Differentiated Keratinocytes.

UNLABELLED: The human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is tightly linked to differentiation of the infected epithelial cell, suggesting a sophisticated interplay between host cell metabolism and virus replication. Previously, we demonstrated in differentiated keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo that HPV type 16 (HPV16) infection caused increased levels of the cellular SR splicing factors (SRSFs) SRSF1 (ASF/SF2), SRSF2 (SC35), and SRSF3 (SRp20). Moreover, the viral E2 transcription and replication factor that is expressed at high levels in differentiating keratinocytes could bind and control activity of the SRSF1 gene promoter. Here, we show that the E2 proteins of HPV16 and HPV31 control the expression of SRSFs 1, 2, and 3 in a differentiation-dependent manner. E2 has the greatest transactivation effect on expression of SRSF3. Small interfering RNA depletion experiments in two different models of the HPV16 life cycle (W12E and NIKS16) and one model of the HPV31 life cycle (CIN612-9E) revealed that only SRSF3 contributed significantly to regulation of late events in the virus life cycle. Increased levels of SRSF3 are required for L1 mRNA and capsid protein expression. Capsid protein expression was regulated specifically by SRSF3 and appeared independent of other SRSFs. Taken together, these data suggest a significant role of the HPV E2 protein in regulating late events in the HPV life cycle through transcriptional regulation of SRSF3 expression. IMPORTANCE: Human papillomavirus replication is accomplished in concert with differentiation of the infected epithelium. Virus capsid protein expression is confined to the upper epithelial layers so as to avoid immune detection. In this study, we demonstrate that the viral E2 transcription factor activates the promoter of the cellular SRSF3 RNA processing factor. SRSF3 is required for expression of the E4(^)L1 mRNA and so controls expression of the HPV L1 capsid protein. Thus, we reveal a new dimension of virus-host interaction crucial for production of infectious virus. SRSF proteins are known drug targets. Therefore, this study provides an excellent basis for developing strategies to regulate capsid protein production in the infected epithelium and the production of new virions.

Genetic structure of Antioquia Holstein from two SNPs and association with dairy traits / Estructura genética del Holstein Antioqueño a partir de dos SNP y asociación con características lecheras

Objective. Analyze the structure and genetic differentiation of a population of Antioquia Holstein cows from the polymorphisms A192G of INHA and A-320T of FSHR, and explore the association of the genotypic combinations with milk traits. Materials and methods. 1240 lactations of 356 animals from 9 herds in 6 municipalities of Antioquia were analyzed. Genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Structure and genetic diversity parameters were determined using GenAlex software. The association of genotypes combinations with productive and reproductive traits was explored through a linear mixed model. Results. SNP A192G showed a frequency of 0.534 and 0.466 for A and G alleles respectively and SNP A-320T had a frequency of 0.660 far A allele and 0.339 for T allele, this way the population is in HWE. The F ST, F IS and F IT values were 0.059, 0.285 and 0.328 respectively indicating a moderate genetic differentiation between subpopulations. The A-320T SNP showed significant effect on milk yield. Fat and protein percentage, calving interval and services per conception were not affected by these polymorphisms or their interaction. Conclusions. Phenotypic selection made on this population has not been strong enough to generate noticeable changes in allele frequencies of these polymorphisms or deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The interaction of these polymorphisms has no significant effect on the characteristics of zootechnical interest, so its use in programs of molecular marker assisted selection is not recommended.

Objetivo. Analizar la estructura y diferenciación genética de una población de vacas Holstein de Antioquia a partir de los polimorF ISmos A192G de INHA y A-320T de FSHR, y explorar la asociación de las combinaciones genotípicas con características de importancia económica en lecherías especializadas. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 1240 lactancias, de 356 animales de 9 hatos en 6 municipios de Antioquia. La genotipificación se realizó mediante PCR-RFLP. Se determinaron parámetros de estructura y diversidad genética utilizando el software GenAlex. La asociación de las combinaciones de genotipos con características productivas y reproductivas se exploró mediante un modelo linear mixto. Resultados. El SNP A192G presentó una frecuencia de 0.534 y 0.466 para el alelo A y G respectivamente y el SNP A-320T tuvo una frecuencia de 0.660 para el alelo A y 0.339 para el alelo T, encontrándose la población en HWE. Los valores F ST, F IS y F IT fueron 0.059, 0.285 y 0.328 respectivamente indicando una moderada diferenciación genética entre subpoblaciones. El SNP A-320T presentó efecto significativo sobre la producción de leche. El porcentaje de grasa, proteína, intervalo entre partos y servicios por concepción no se vieron afectados por los polimorF ISmos o su interacción. Conclusiones. La selección fenotípica realizada sobre esta población no ha sido lo suficientemente fuerte para generar cambios notorios en las frecuencias alélicas de estos polimorF ISmos ni desviaciones del equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg. La interacción de estos polimorF ISmos no presenta un efecto significativo sobre las características de interés zootécnico por lo cual no se recomienda su uso en programas de selección asistida por marcadores moleculares.

Estimation and comparison of conventional and genomic breeding values in Holstein cattle of Antioquia, Colombia / Estimación y comparación de valores de cría convencionales y genómicos en ganado Holstein de Antioquia, Colombia

Objective. To estimate and compare breeding values (EBV) using the conventional method (BLUP) and genomic breeding values (MEBV and GEBV) estimated through bayes C method for milk yield and milk quality traits in dairy cattle in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. Two methods were used to estimate breeding values: BLUP to estimate conventional breeding value (EBV) and bayes C to estimate genomic values (MEBV and GEBV). The traits evaluated were: milk yield (PL), protein percentage (PPRO), fat percentage (PGRA) and score somatic cell (SCS). The methods (BLUP and bayes C) were compared using Person correlation (r p), Spearman rank correlation (r s) and linear regression coefficient (b). Results. The Pearson and Spearman correlations among EBVs and genomic values (MEBV and GEBV) (r pMEBV;EBV and r sGEBV;EBV) were greater than 0.93 and the linear regression coefficients of EBVs on genomic values (MEBV and GEBV) (bMEBV;EBV, and bGEBV;EBV) ranged between 0.954 and 1.051 in all traits evaluated. Conclusions. The predictions of genomic values (MEBV and GEBV), using bayes C method were consistent with the predictions of the EBVs estimate through the conventional method (BLUP) in conditions of high Colombian tropic, allowing to obtain high associations between the breeding values.

Objetivo. Estimar y comparar valores genéticos (EBV) usando el método convencional (BLUP) y valores genómicos (MEBV y GEBV) mediante el método bayes C en características de producción y calidad de la leche en ganado Holstein de Antioquia, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Fueron empleados dos métodos para estimar valores genéticos: BLUP para estimar valores genéticos (EBV) y Bayes C para estimar valores genómicos (MEBV y GEBV). Las características evaluadas fueron: producción de leche (PL), porcentaje de proteína (PPRO), porcentaje de grasa (PGRA) y puntaje de células somáticas (SCS). Los métodos BLUP y bayes C fueron comparadas usando correlación de Pearson (r p), correlación por rangos de Spearman (r s) y regresión lineal (b). Resultados. Las correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman entre los EBVs y los valores genómicos (MEBV y GEBV) (r pMEBV;EBV y r sGEBV;EBV) fueron mayores de 0.93 y los coeficientes de regresión entre los EBVs y los valores genómicos (MEBV y GEBV) (bMEBV;EBV, y bGEBV;EBV) oscilaron entre 0.954 y 1.051 en todas las características evaluadas. Conclusiones. La predicción de valores genómicos (MEBV y GEBV) usando el método Bayes C fue consistente con los EBVs estimados mediante el método BLUP en condiciones del trópico alto colombiano, permitiendo obtener altas asociaciones entre los valores genéticos.

Association of the bovine growth hormone gene with Holstein cattle reproductive parameters / Asociación del gen de la hormona de crecimiento bovino con parámetros reproductivos en ganado Holstein

Objective. To determine the association of intron 3 polymorphism of the bovine growth hormone (BGH) gene, with age at first service, first birth, first postpartum service and second birth in a population of Holstein cows in the state of Antioquia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 408 Holstein cows in 8 herds. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP technique with DNA extracted from peripheral blood by the salting out technique. The Phenotypic information used was collected for 4 years, from a dairy production control program. To determine the association between characteristics and gene polymorphism, parametric statistical analyzes were performed as generalized linear models and linear regression analysis. Results. Allele frequency (positive) was 0.91 and was 0.09 for (negative) allele. Genotypic frequencies were 0.77, 0.2 and 0.03 for (positive/positive), (positive/negative) and (negative/negative) respectively. There were significant differences between the mean of age at first service, age at first birth, age at first postpartum service and age at second birth. For all of the (negative/negative) genotype characteristics there were greater ages for each event. Conclusions. These results suggest that intron-3 polymorphism of the BGH gene is associated with reproductive traits, facilitating the selection of individuals with favorable genotypes for use in breeding programs.

Objetivo. Determinar la asociación del polimorfismo del intrón 3 del gen de la hormona de crecimiento bovino (BGH) con las edades al primer servicio, primer parto, primer servicio posparto y segundo parto en una población de vacas Holstein del departamento de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó con 408 vacas Holstein ubicadas en 8 hatos. La genotipificación se llevó a cabo usando la técnica de PCR-RFLP con ADN extraído de sangre periférica mediante la técnica de salting out. La información fenotípica utilizada fue recopilada durante 4 años, a partir de un programa de control de producción lechera. Para determinar la asociación entre las características y el polimorfismo del gen, se realizaron análisis estadísticos paramétricos mediante modelos lineales generalizados y análisis de regresión lineal. Resultados. La frecuencia para el alelo (positivo) fue de 0.91 y para el alelo (negativo) fue de 0.09. Las frecuencias genotípicas fueron 0.77, 0.2 y 0.03 para (positivo/positivo), (positivo/negativo) y (negativo/negativo) respectivamente. Se presentaron diferencias significativas entre las medias de la edad al primer servicio, la edad al primer parto, edad al primer servicio postparto y edad al segundo parto. Para todas las características el genotipo (negativo/negativo) presentó edades más tardías para cada eventos. Conclusiones. Estos resultados sugieren que el polimorfismo del intrón 3 del gen BGH, está asociado con características de tipo reproductivo, facilitando la implementación de un programa de selección de individuos con genotipos favorables, para su uso en programas de mejoramiento genético animal.

Paratiroidectomía en pacientes renales crónicos en Argentina: estudios prequirúrgicos, tipos de cirugía, recurrencia y persistencia / Parathyroidectomy in chronic kidney disease patients in Argentina: pre surgical studies, types of surgery, recurrence and persistence

La paratiroidectomía (PTx) es el tratamiento de elección en pacientes con HPT 2º severo, refractario al tratamiento médico. Se cuenta con muy poca información en Argentina de este procedimiento, por lo cual se realizó este estudio. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron 255 pacientes con PTx entre el año 2003 al 2007 de un registro voluntario. Se evaluaron los estudios de localización prequirúrgicos, de laboratorio de metabolismo fosfocálcico previo y posterior a la cirugía y el tipo de técnica quirúrgica utilizada. Se analizó la persistencia y recidiva del HPT postcirugía. Resultados: La tasa de PTx fue de 2,7/1000 pacientes año. 83% de los pacientes tuvieron ecografía de cuello y 59% Sesta Mibi con Tc 99. Hubo una correlación positiva (p<0.001) entre el número de glándulas detectadas por ecografía y Sesta Mibi. La paratiroidectomía realizada fue: subtotal en 77%, total con autoimplante en 14% y total sin autoimplante en 9%. Hubo descensos significativos de Ca y P, fosfatasa alcalina y PTH (1744 ± 788 pg/ml a 247 ±450 pg/ml; p<0.0001) postcirugía. A los 2,4 ±2,5 meses de la PTx, el 72% de los pacientes tenía PTH <250 pg/ml, 19,8% tenía persistencia y 8,3% había recidivado. De acuerdo al tipo de cirugía la persistencia y recidiva fueron para PTx subtotal 22% y 8,3%, PTx total con implante 11% y 11% y PTx total sin autoimplante 13% y 4% respectivamente. La realización de Sesta Mibi no influyó en los resultados de la PTx. No se observaron diferencias entre los centros en relación con persistencia y recidiva. Conclusiones: La tasa de PTx fue muy baja, la ecografía fue el método de localización prequirúrgico preferido y la PTX subtotal la técnica quirúrgica más utilizada. La PTx fue exitosa en la mayoría de los pacientes y la persistencia y recidiva no estuvieron relacionadas con la técnica.

Parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the selecte treatment for patients with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism, refractory to medical treatment. There is not enough information about this procedure in Argentina, that is the reason why we performed this study. Material and Methods: 255 patients with PTx were included from the year 2003 to 2007 on a voluntary register. Studies of pre-surgical localization, phosphocalcic metabolism laboratories before and after surgery were evaluated, and the type of surgical technique used. The persistence and recurrence of post-surgical hyperparathyroidism was analyzed. Results: The PTx rate was 2,7/1000 patients year. 83% of the patients had neck echography and 59% Sestamibi scans with Tc 99. There was a positive correlation (p<0,001) between the number of detected glands by echography and Sestamibi. The parathyroidectomy performed was: subtotal in 77%, total with self-implant in 14% and total without self-implant in 9%. There were significant falls of Ca and P, Alkaline Phosphatase and PTH (1744±788 pg/ml to 247±450 pg/ml; p<0.0001) post-surgical. 2.4 ±2,5 months after the PTx, 72% of patients had PTH <250 pg/ml, 19,8% had persistence and 8,3% had recurrence. According to the type of surgery, the persistence and recurrence were for subtotal PTx 22% and 8,3%, total PTx with implant 11% and 11%, and total PTx without selfimplant 13% and 4% respectively. The performance of the Sestamibi scan did not affect the PTx results. No noticeable differences were observed among the centers for persistence and recurrence. Conclusions: The PTx rate was very low, echography was the preferred method of pre-surgical localization, and subtotal PTx was the most used surgical technique. PTx was successful in most of the patients, and persistence and recurrence were not related to the technique.

Lesiones en órganos de cerdos posdestete, inducidas por el lipopolisacárido de E. coli / Injuries in post-weaning pig organs, induced by the E. coli lipopolysaccharide

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la ingestión de varios niveles de Lipopolisacárido (LPS) de E. coli sobre las manifestaciones clínicas y lesiones en órganos de cerdos recién destetados. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo de campo se realizó en el Centro San Pablo, perteneciente a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. El estudio se realizó con 52 cerdos destetados (6.5±0.5 kg) a los 21 días de edad. Los animales fueron alimentados durante 10 días con una dieta basal compuesta de leche y algunos de sus derivados, adicionada con cuatro niveles de LPS (0, 0.3, 0.5 y 1.0 μg/ml de alimento). Los cerdos se sacrificaron escalonadamente los días 1, 5, 7 y 10 posdestete y se tomaron muestras de intestino delgado, estómago, hígado, páncreas, corazón, pulmón, riñón y bazo. El monitoreo clínico y paraclínico se realizó diariamente durante la investigación. Para determinar la ganancia de peso, los animales fueron pesados el día del destete y el día del sacrificio. Resultados. Hubo diferencia (p<0.01) en las variables peso de los órganos y ganancia de peso, donde los animales que consumieron el mayor nivel de LPS presentaron los menores valores, llegando a su mínimo nivel el día 10 posdestete. Las variables presentación de: lesiones macroscópicas, diarreas, y temperatura rectal, aumentaron con el nivel de inclusión de LPS en la dieta, llegando a su máximo nivel el día 10 posdestete (p<0.01). Conclusiones. El LPS de E. coli provoca la inhibición del crecimiento corporal y de los órganos en estudio y una alta incidencia de diarreas.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of the intake of several levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from E. coli on clinical manifestations and injuries in organs of newly weaned pigs. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted at the San Pablo Production Center of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 52 weaned pigs at 21 days of age were used. The animals were fed a basal diet composed of milk and some of its derivatives, and an addition of four LPS levels (0, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 μg / mg of feed) during 10 days. The pigs were sequentially sacrificed on days 1, 5, 7, and 10 after weaning, and samples of the small intestine, stomach, liver, pancreas, heart, lungs, kidney and spleen were extracted. Clinical and laboratory monitoring was performed daily during the investigation. To determine weight gain, the animals were weighed on weaning day, and on slaughter day. Results: There were statistical differences (p<0.01) in organ weights and weight gain, where animals that consumed the highest levels of LPS showed the lowest values, reaching the lowest level on day 10 post-weaning. The variables: macroscopic lesions, diarrhea, and rectal temperature increased with the increase in LPS levels in the diet, reaching their peaks on day 10 post-weaning (p<0.01). Conclusions: E. coli LPS causes inhibition of the studied body and organ growth parameters, and a high incidence of post-weaning diarrhea.

Overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium. A proteomic approach.

Pterygium is one of the most frequent pathologies in ophthalmology, and is a benign, fibrovascular lesion originating from the bulbar conjunctiva. It is composed of an epithelium and highly vascular, subepithelial, loose connective tissue. The etiology of pterygium is not clearly understood; the most widely recognized originating factor is ultraviolet radiation. It has been proposed that pterygium and neoplasia have common features, raising the possibility that pterygium is a neoplastic-like growth disorder. In this study, proteomic analysis was performed to show that peroxiredoxin 2 is overexpressed in pterygia compared to healthy conjunctivas. Twelve pterygium specimens were obtained together with healthy conjunctival tissue from the same eyes. Total proteins of pterygia and healthy conjunctivas were analyzed in SDS-PAGE. This analysis showed protein bands expressed exclusively in pterygium samples at the range of 20-25 kDa. After this, 2D electrophoresis was performed for the separation of total proteins; differential spots expressed in pterygium were excised and sequenced. Mass spectrometry (MS) data were searched in the NCBInr and EST databases using the MASCOT program. The spot was identified as peroxiredoxin 2. Real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that peroxiredoxin 2 was increased in pterygium compared to healthy conjunctiva. Although, these results suggest that overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium could protect the cell against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, further studies are required to establish the functional role of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium to determine its role in peroxidation and apoptosis in this pathology.

Estructura y diversidad genética en vacas Holstein de Antioquia usando un polimorfismo del gen bGH / Structure and Genetic Diversity of a population Holstein cows of Antioquia department, using a polymorphism of bGH gene

Objetivo. Determinar las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas del polimorfismo del intrón 3 del gen bGH y estimar algunos parámetros de estructura poblacional en ganado Holstein. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó con 1366 vacas Holstein en 120 hatos de 11 municipios del departamento de Antioquia. Se extrajo DNA por el método de Salting out y la genotipificación se realizó usando la técnica de PCR-RFLPs. La diversidad genética se determinó mediante la comparación de las heterocigosidades, El equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg (HW) y la diferenciación genética entre las poblaciones se realizó usando el software Arlequín 2.0 Las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas se evaluaron mediante el paquete estadístico SAS®. Resultados. Las frecuencias genotípicas encontradas fueron 0.764 (+/+), 0.223 (+/-) y 0.013 (-/-) y las frecuencias alélicas 0.876 (+) y 0.124 (-). No se encontraron desviaciones del Equilibrio de Hardy Weinberg en ninguna de las subpoblaciones. La diversidad genética determinada mediante la comparación de las heterocigosidades fue relativamente baja entre poblaciones pero al interior de estas no. El valor de FST de toda la población fue de 0.0068 y significativo (p<0.05), algunos FST pareados también lo fueron, tomando valores desde 0.0 a 0.13. Los estadísticos FIT y FIS no fueron significativos. Conclusiones. El gen bGH es un candidato interesante para evaluar características de importancia económica ya que no parece haber sido sometido a selección directa, presenta una variabilidad media en las poblaciones, observándose diferenciación genética significativa entre distintos municipios, producto de los diferentes sistemas de producción y acceso a las biotecnologías.

Objective. To determine the allele frequencies and genotypic polymorphism of the intron 3 of gene bGH and estimate structural parameters in Holstein cattle populations. Materials and methods. The study was conducted with 1366 Holstein cows belonging to 120 herds in 11 municipalities of the department of Antioquia. DNA was extracted by the Salting out method and genotyping was carried out using PCR-RFLP. Genetic diversity was determined by comparing the heterozygosities, Hardy-Weinberg (HW) and genetic differentiation between populations was performed using the Arlequin software 3.0. The allelic and genotyping frequencies were assessed using the SAS statistical software. Results. The genotype frequencies found were 0.764 and 0.013 (+/-) 0.223 (+/+), (-/-) and allele frequencies were 0.876 (+) and 0124 (-). There was no unbalance for Hardy Weinberg in the subpopulations. The genetic diversity determined by comparison of the heterozygosity was low among populations but within them it was not. The FST value of the entire population was 0.0068 and significant (p<0.05), FST also matched some were values ranging from 0.0 to 0.13. The statistical FIT and FIS were not significant. Conclusions. The gene bGH is an interesting candidate to economically evaluate important traits because it does not seem to have been subject to direct selection, has a mean variability in populations, showing significant genetic differentiation between several municipalities, resulting from the different production systems and access to biotechnologies.