Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Phaeoacremonium venezuelense: The first clinical case report in Costa Rica.

Phaeoacremonium is a genus of dematiaceous fungi that rarely causes human infections. We describe a case of subcutaneous infection in a 70-year-old diabetic man with lesions on the dorsum of the one foot. The agent was isolated, and for the final identification we performed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and DNA sequencing. After diagnosis, the patient underwent curettage of the cyst and received 100mg of Itraconazole, twice daily for 6 months. Clinical resolution of the lesion was observed after treatment. This is the first case of infection by Phaeoacremonium venezuelense reported in Costa Rica.

Whole-Genome Sequencing to Determine Origin of Multinational Outbreak of Sarocladium kiliense Bloodstream Infections.

We used whole-genome sequence typing (WGST) to investigate an outbreak of Sarocladium kiliense bloodstream infections (BSI) associated with receipt of contaminated antinausea medication among oncology patients in Colombia and Chile during 2013-2014. Twenty-five outbreak isolates (18 from patients and 7 from medication vials) and 11 control isolates unrelated to this outbreak were subjected to WGST to elucidate a source of infection. All outbreak isolates were nearly indistinguishable (<5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms), and >21,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified from unrelated control isolates, suggesting a point source for this outbreak. S. kiliense has been previously implicated in healthcare-related infections; however, the lack of available typing methods has precluded the ability to substantiate point sources. WGST for outbreak investigation caused by eukaryotic pathogens without reference genomes or existing genotyping methods enables accurate source identification to guide implementation of appropriate control and prevention measures.

Prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana, actinomyces spp, candida spp. y trichomonas vaginalis en usuarias del dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), Medellín, Colombia, 2011-2013 / Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, actinomyces spp, candida spp, and trichomonas vaginalis in intrauterine device (IUD) users, Medellin, Colombia, 2011-2013

Introducción: el uso del dispositivo intrauterino incrementa el riesgo de algunas infecciones genitales. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de vaginosis bacteriana, Actinomyces spp., Candida spp. y Trichomonasvaginalis en usuarias del dispositivo intrauterino. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en usuarias del dispositivo intrauterino, atendidas en un programa de tamización de cáncercérvico-uterino en Medellín, Colombia, entre 2011 y 2013. Se empleó una fuente de información secundaria basada en los registros citológicos del laboratorio clínico, se calculó la prevalencia global de las cuatro infecciones y las prevalencias específicas según grupo etario y sector de residencia, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. La exploración de asociaciones se hizo con la prueba chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: Se registraron 12.541 usuarias del dispositivo intrauterino de 10 comunas de Medellín. La edad promedio fue 34,0±9,8 años; el 50% de los valores centrales estuvo entre 26 y 41 años. Las prevalencias de infecciones vaginales fueron: vaginosis bacteriana 25,6%, Actinomyces spp. 8,9%, Candida spp. 5,1% y Trichomonas vaginalis 1,2%. La prevalencia de vaginosisbacteriana y Candida spp. fue estadísticamente mayor en adolescentes y jóvenes. La prevalencia de las cuatro infecciones fue estadísticamente diferente según el sector de residencia. Conclusión: en usuarias del dispositivo intrauterino las principales infecciones genitales son vaginosis bacteriana y Actinomyces spp., las adolescentes y jóvenes son los grupos de mayor riesgo para vaginosis bacterianay Candida spp. y la ocurrencia de infecciones varía entre los sectores de la ciudad; información relevante para la planeación de programas de prevención y atención.

Introduction: the use of intrauterine device increases the risk of genital infections. Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis, Actinomyces spp., Candida spp., and Trichomonas vaginalis in intrauterine device users. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in intrauterine device users attended in a screening program for cervical cancer in Medellín, Colombia, between 2011 and 2013. A source of information was secondary, based on the records of the clinical laboratory of cytology. The overall prevalence of the four infections and specific prevalence by age group and residence area was calculated, all with confidence intervals of 95%. To explore associationsPearson chi-square test was used. Results: It was registered 12,541 users of the intrauterine device from 10 districts of Medellin. The users mean age was 34.0±9.8 years; 50% of the central values was between 26 and 41 years. The prevalence of vaginal infections were: bacterial vaginosis 25.6%, Actinomyces spp. 8.9%, Candida spp. 5.1% and Trichomonas vaginalis 1.2%. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and Candida spp. was statistically higher in adolescents and youth. The prevalenceof the four infections was statistically different according to the residence sector.Conclusion: in intrauterine devices users the major genital infections are bacterial vaginosis and Actinomycesspp. Adolescents and young people are the groups most at risk for bacterial vaginosis and Candida spp. and the occurrence of infections varies between sectors of the city; information that is relevant for planning prevention and care programs.