Granular cell tumor of the vocal cord: Case Report and Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Granular cell tumors (GCT) are rare neoplasms. The most common places are the head and neck. The larynx accounts for 3-10% of cases. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a man who consulted our Department of Otorhinolaryngology due to long-term progressive dysphonia without dyspnea or dysphagia. Fibrolaryngoscopy revealed a tumor that affected the left vocal cord. The tumor was surgically resected. The histopathological report revealed a laryngeal GCT. Fourteen months after surgery, the patient had no recurrence. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Patients with GCT of the larynx typically have persistent hoarseness, stridor, dysphagia and otalgia, but can also be asymptomatic. A definitive diagnosis is provided by histopathology with immunohistochemistry, and the treatment of choice is surgical resection. Unlike the literature, our report concerns a young man. CONCLUSION: Granular cell tumor is a rare tumor of the larynx and should be considered a differential diagnosis in all adult men with long-standing dysphonia.

Correlación diagnóstica entre fibrolaringoscopia y videoendoscopia digestiva alta en pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico y reflujo laringofaríngeo / Diagnostic Correlation Between Fiberlaringoscopy and Upper Gastrointestinal Video Endoscopy in Patients with Gastroesophagic Reflux and Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

Introducción: el reflujo laringofaríngeo (RLF) se origina por el flujo retrógrado de contenido gástrico hacia la faringe, pero es una entidad diferente de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la correlación entre los signos endoscópicos de la fibrolaringoscopia y la videoendoscopia digestiva alta (VEDA). Material y métodos: estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico. Se incluyeron pacientes que consultaron por sintomatología de RLF y ERGE. Los hallazgos visualizados por fibrolaringoscopia flexible, VEDA y biopsia de mucosa gástrica de cada paciente se compararon con la prueba de chi-cuadrado (χ²). Se consideró significativo un valor de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: se incluyeron 318 pacientes entre 18 y 84 años. Se encontró que el 100 % de los pacientes con esofagitis tenía laringitis (p = 0,001); el 100 % de los pacientes con hernia hiatal tenían RLF (p = 0,001); el 97 % de los pacientes con Helicobacter pylori en la mucosa gástrica tenían RLF (p = 0.001). El 71 % de los pacientes con hernia hiatal tenían esofagitis (p = 0,001). Se encontró una asociación lineal entre la edad y la hernia hiatal con la edad y el RLF (p = 0,03). Conclusiones: en este estudio, los signos encontrados en la fibrolaringoscopia tuvieron una asociación estadística con la VEDA. Aproximadamente el 90 % de los pacientes con signos de laringitis tuvo una correlación con algún grado de esofagitis, esófago de Barrett, hernia hiatal y Helicobacter pylori. También se encontró que la laringitis por RLF y la hernia hiatal se relacionaron directamente con el incremento de la edad.

Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is caused by the retrograde flow of gastric contents towards the pharynx, but it is a different entity from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between the endoscopic signs of fiber laryngoscopy and upper gastrointestinal video endoscopy. Material and methods: Observational, retrospective and analytical study. Patients who consulted for LPR and GERD symptoms were included. The findings visualized by flexible fiber laryngoscopy, upper gastrointestinal video endoscopy and gastric mucosal biopsy of each patient were compared with the Chi-square (χ²) test. A value of p ≤ 0.05 is estimated significantly. Results: 318 patients between 18 and 84 years old were included. A relationship was found in 100% of the patients with esophagitis had laryngitis (p = 0.001); 100% of the patients with hiatal hernia had LPR (p = 0.001); 97% of patients with Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosal have LPR (p= 0.001); 71% of patients with hiatal hernia had esophagitis (p = 0.001). A linear association was found between age and hiatal hernia with age and LPR. (p = 0.03). Conclusions: In this study, the signs found in fiber laryngoscopy had a statistical association with the upper gastrointestinal video endoscopy. Approximately 90% of patients with signs of laryngitis had correlation with some degree of esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, hiatal hernia and Helicobacter pylori. It was also found that LPR and hiatal hernia were directly related to increasing age

Factors Related to Extralaryngeal Spread in Juvenile Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To identify factors associated to increased risk of extra-laryngeal spread in pediatric patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted evaluating the clinical charts of patients younger than 16 years with histopathologically confirmed RRP treated between January 2014 and December 2018. Characteristics of patients with and without extra-laryngeal disease dissemination were compared. Odds ratios were calculated and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Data from 82 patients were analyzed. Mean age at symptom onset was 42 months. Fifteen (18.29%) patients had extra-laryngeal spread (ELS) at time of diagnosis and in four, the disease continued to spread to other sites. Of 67 patients with disease restricted to the larynx, 17 (25.37%) developed ELS during the disease course. Human papilloma virus (HPV) typing was performed in 49 (59.8%) patients; in 28 (57.1%) HPV subtype 6 was identified and in 21 (42.9%) HPV subtype 11. ELS was found in 11 patients with serotype 11 (52.38%) and in seven patients with serotype 6 (25%) (P = .048). Statistically significant differences for ELS were also found for age at diagnosis younger than 5 years (P = .045), presence of tracheostomy (P = .031), and need for adjuvant therapy (P = .010). CONCLUSIONS: Age at diagnosis of RRP younger than 5 years and presence of tracheostomy were factors related to ELS. A statistically significant association between infection with HPV subtype 11 and ELS were also observed. Adjuvant medication might be considered a protective factor against ELS. Laryngoscope, 131:1652-1656, 2021.

Síndrome de PFAPA: diagnóstico y evolución post-agmidalectomía. Stadística propia / PFAPA syndrome: diagnosis and post-tonsillectomy evolution. Our own statistics / PFAPA síndrome: diagnóstico e evolução pós-amigdalectomia. Estatística própria

Introducción: el síndrome de PFAPA (fiebre periódica, estomatitis aftosa, faringitis y adenopatías), se diagnostica mediante la exclusión de otras patologías pediátricas. El score diagnóstico de Gaslini resulta útil al momento de evaluar el riesgo del paciente de padecer una de estas enfermedades inflamatorias, orientando según el resultado al diagnóstico o la exclusión de una de ellas con una sensibilidad del 95% y una especificidad del 82%. No se comprende aún su etiología ni la causa de su respuesta frente a los corticoides y a la amigdalectomía. Marco referencial: En el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología de la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola se sugiere amigdalectomía terapéutica frente a la falta de respuesta de la terapia corticoidea en los niños diagnosticados con síndrome de PFAPA. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo- descriptivo, mediante revisión de historias clínicas y control telefónico posquirúrgico a los 90 días, de todos los pacientes amigdalectomizados por padecer de síndrome de PFAPA para caracterizar la muestra, evaluar la remisión o no de las crisis febriles y correlacionar este resultado con el score de Gaslini. Resultados: n= 5. Promedio de edad = 3,8 años. Promedio de edad de inicio de las crisis = 3 años. Se observó abundancia de crisis con síntomas floridos y sólo un paciente con historia familiar positiva. El score de Gaslini arrojó pacientes de bajo riesgo. El control telefónico encontró remisión completa de las crisis en todos los pacientes. Conclusiones: Resultados alentadores post-amigdalectomía. Respaldo del score de Gaslini.

Introduction: PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharingytis, and adenopaty), is a periodic fever syndrome which is diagnosed by excluding other diseases. It usually begins between 2 and 5 years old. It is known that Gaslini Score is useful to evaluate the patient’s risk of developing one of these inflammatory diseases, having a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 82%. Neither its etiology, nor their response to corticosteroids and tonsillectomy is still clear. Framework: In the Department of Otolaryngology at the Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, therapeutic tonsillectomy is suggested when PFAPA syndrome is diagnosed and response against corticosteroids fails to curb the incidence of this disease in the daily life of the child. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted by reviewing medical records and telephone control at 90 days after surgery, in all patients undergoing tonsillectomy that suffer syndrome PFAPA, in order to characterize the patients included, evaluate remission and correlate this results with gaslini score. Results: n= 5. Average age = 3.8 years. Average age of onset of the crisis = 3 years. Many patients had generalized symptoms as companions of the crisis, but only one had a positive family history. Gaslini’s score dropped as a result all low-risk patients. The telephone control found a complete remission of crises in all patients. Conclusions: Post-tonsillectomy results, in our patients that have PFAPA syndrome, are encouraging as definitive therapy, as well as the correlation with the score of Gaslini.

Introdução: o PFAPA síndrome (febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e linfadenopatia), é diagnosticada pela exclusão de outras patologias pediátricas. A pontuação de Gaslini é útil quando se avalia risco de desenvolver uma dessas doenças inflamatórias do paciente, orientando-o com o resultado de diagnóstico ou exclusão com uma sensibilidade de 95% e uma especificidade de 82%. Ainda não se compreende a sua etiologia ou causa da sua resposta aos corticoides e amigdalectomia. Quadro de referência: No Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia da Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola se sugere amigdalectomia terapêutica frente a falta de resposta da terapia com corticosteróides em crianças com diagnóstico de síndrome de PFAPA. Materiais e métodos: Um estudo descritivo retrospectivo foi realizado pela revisão dos prontuários e de controle telefonico pós-cirúrgico após 90 dias, de todos os pacientes pós-amigdalectomia por sofrer síndrome PFAPA para caracterizar a amostra, avaliar a remissão ou não as convulsões febris e correlacionar este resultado com score de Gaslini. Resultados: n = 5. Edade média = 3,8 anos. Edade média de início das crises = 3 anos. Observou-se abundância de crise com sintomas floridas e sómente uma história familiar positiva. A pontuação de Gaslini indicou pacientes de baixo risco. O controle telefonico deu como resultado uma remissão completa das crises em todos os pacientes. Conclusões: Resultados encorajadores pós-amigdalectomia. Respaldo do score de Gaslini.

Preservación de restos auditivos en implantes cocleares / Hearing preservation in cochlear implants / Preservação de restos auditivos em implantes cocleares

Introducción: la implementación de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas permitió la preservación de los restos auditivos; así la estimulación no solo sería eléctrica del implante, sino también acústica. La cirugía atraumática permite, al colocar el implante coclear, recuperar audición en las frecuencias agudas, que recibirían estimulación eléctrica y, al mismo tiempo, se conservarían las frecuencias graves, que recibirán estimulación acústica otorgada mediante un componente acústico. El objetivo es determinar la preservación auditiva en pacientes que fueron sometidos a implantación coclear. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo mediante revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes consecutivos que se sometieron a una implantación coclear entre diciembre de 2015 y mayo de 2016, en la Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, de Córdoba Capital. Se evaluaron los umbrales de audición previamente a la cirugía y al momento del encendido del implante. R esultados: El promedio de los umbrales auditivos preimplante fue de 56,5 dB HL para los 250 Hz; 67,5 dB HL para los 500 Hz y 85 dB HL para los 1kHz, con una media de 69 dB HL. Al momento del encendido,se obtuvo un promedio de 66,55 dB HL para los 250 Hz; 80 dB HL para los 500 Hz y 94 dB HL para los 1kHz, con una media de 80,1 dB HL. Mediante la comparación de la medias, previamente a la cirugía y al encendido no se mostraron cambios en los umbrales estadísticamente significativos (p>0.05). Conclusiones: La preservación de los restos auditivos con técnicas atraumáticas se pudo preservar en un 80% de los pacientes al momento del encendido.

Introduction: the implementation of new surgical techniques, allowed the preservation of of residual hearing, thus the stimulation would not only be electric by the implant, if not also acoustic. Atraumatic surgery allows the placement of the cochlear implant, recovering the hearing in the acute frequencies, which would receive electrical stimulation and, at the same time, the low frequencies would be conserved, which will receive acoustic stimulation by a hearing aid . The objective is to determine hearing preservation in patients who underwent cochlear implantation. Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study by reviewing the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent a cochlear implantation between December 2015 and May 2016, at the Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Cordoba Capital. Hearing Thresholds prior to surgery and at the time of implantation were evaluated. Results: The pre-implant auditory thresholds averaged 56.5dB HL for the 250 Hz; 67.5 dB HL for the 500 Hz and 85 dB HL for the 1 kHz, with an average of 69 dB HL. At power-up we obtain an averaged 66.55dB HL for 250 Hz; 80 dB HL for the 500 Hz and 94 dB HL for the 1 kHz, with a mean of 80.1 dB HL. By comparing the means, between the time before implatation and activation there were no changes in the statistically significant thresholds (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The preservation of auditory debris with atraumatic techniques could be preserved in 80% of patients at the activation.

Introdução: a implementação de novas técnicas cirúrgicas, permitiu a preservação da audição residual, assim, não só graves implante estimulação elétrica, mas também acústica. cirurgia atraumática permite colocar o implante coclear, recuperar auditiva em altas freqüências, que recebem estimulação elétrica e, ao mesmo tempo, as baixas frequências, que recebem estimulação acústica fornecido através de um componente acústico é mantido. O objetivo é determinar preservação da audição em pacientes submetidos ao implante coclear. Materiais e métodos: Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado pela revisão dos prontuários de pacientes consecutivos submetidos a implante coclear entre dezembro de 2015 e maio 2016, no Hospital Universitário Rainha Fabíola, Córdoba Capital. Foram avaliados os limiares antes da cirurgia e no momento de ouvir sobre o implante. Resultados: A média de audiência limiares implante foi de 56,5dB pré HL para 250 Hz; 67,5 dB a 500 Hz e 85 dB NA de 1 kHz, com uma média de 69 dB NA. Na energização, um 66,55dB HL média para 250 Hz foi obtido; 80 dB a 500 Hz e 94 dB NA de 1 kHz, com uma média de 80,1 dB NA. Ao comparar as médias antes da cirurgia e em nenhuma alteração estatisticamente significativa nos limiares (p> 0,05) eles mostraram. Conclusões: A preservação da audição residual com técnicas atraumáticas poderia preservar 80% dos pacientes no poder.

La otitis media con efusión como un proceso infeccioso relacionado a la microbiota de la amígdala faríngea / Otitis media with effusion as an infectious process related to the pharyngeal amygdala microbiote / Otitis media com efusão como um processo infeccião relacionadocom o microbiota do faríngea amígdala

Introducción: la otitis media con efusión es una patología muy prevalente en la infancia, frente a la cual se suele indicar tratamiento médico no antibiótico por 90 días. En caso de no revertir, se indica colocación de tubos transtimpánicos, que puede acompañarse de adenoidectomía. La terapéutica suele mejorar la evolución pero la refractariedad de esta patología hace pensar que no es un proceso estéril. Existen estudios que demuestran la presencia de ADN bacteriano en la efusión. El mismo se encontraría junto con la presencia de ARN y proteínas, los cuales son indicadores de metabolismo y actividad bacteriana. Los agentes patógenos más frecuentes, productores de infección de oído medio, incluyen a Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Moraxella catarrhalis, entre otros, los cuales podrían ser los responsables de la refractariedad de esta patología frente al tratamiento no antibiótico...

Introduction: otitis media with effusion is a very prevalent childhood pathology, usually nonantibiotic medical treatment is indicated for 90 days as its treatment. If there is no improvement, transthympanic tubes are indicated, which may be accompanied by adenoidectomy. These treatments most of the times improve the evolution, nevertheless the refractoriness of this pathology, suggests that it is not a sterile process. There are studies that demonstrate the presence of bacterial DNA in the effusion. Also RNA and proteins were found in it, which indicates metabolism and bacterial activity. The most common pathogens involved in middle ear infections include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, among others, which could be responsible for the refractoriness of this pathology to non-antibiotic treatment...

Introdução: a otite média com efusão é uma patologia muito prevalente na infância, contra a qual geralmente o tratamento médico não antibiótico é indicado por 90 dias. Se não for revertido, é indicada a colocação de tubos transtimpânicos, que pode ser acompanhada de adenoidectomia. A terapêutica geralmente melhora a evolução, mas a refração desta patologia, sugere que não é um processo esté- ril. Existem estudos que demonstram a presença de DNA bacteriano no derrame. O mesmo seria encontrado junto com a presença de RNA e proteínas, que são indicadores de metabolismo e atividade bacteriana. Os agentes patogénicos mais comuns que causam a infecção da orelha média incluem Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae e Moraxella catarrhalis, entre outros, que podem ser responsáveis pela refractariedade desta patologia quando o tratamento não antibiótico é indicado...