Maternal Nutritional Deficiencies and Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates at Birth of Women Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery.

The aim is to compare the prevalence of maternal deficiencies in micronutrients, the obstetrical and neonatal complications after bariatric surgery according to surgical techniques, the time between surgery and conception, and BMI at the onset of pregnancy. A retrospective cohort study concerned 57 singleton pregnancies between 2011 and 2016 of 48 adult women who have undergone bariatric surgery. Small-for-gestational-age neonates were identified in 36.0% of pregnancies. With supplements intake (periconceptional period: 56.8%, trimester 1 (T1): 77.8%, T2: 96.3%, and T3: 100.0%), nutritional deficiencies involved vitamins A (T1: 36.4%, T2: 21.1%, and T3: 40.0%), D (T1: 33.3%, T2: 26.3%, and T3: 8.3%), C (T1: 66.7%, T2: 41.2%, and T3: 83.3%), B1 (T1: 45.5%, T2: 15.4%, and T3: 20.0%), and B9 (T1: 14.3%, T2: 0%, and T3: 9.1%) and selenium (T1: 77.8%, T2: 22.2%, and T3: 50.0%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies and complications according to surgery procedures and in the prevalence of pregnancy issues according to BMI at the beginning of the pregnancy and time between surgery and pregnancy. Prevalence of micronutritional deficiencies and small-for-gestational-age neonates is high in pregnant women following bariatric surgery. Specific nutritional programmes should be recommended for these women.

[125I]-S36057: a new and highly potent radioligand for the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor.

Shortened, more stable and weakly hydrophobic analogues of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) were searched as candidates for radioiodination. Starting from the dodecapeptide MCH(6 - 17), we found that: (1) substitution of Tyr(13) by a Phe residue; (2) addition of a 3-iodo-Tyr residue at the N-terminus; and (3) addition of a hydrophilic spacer 8-amino-3,6-dioxyoctanoyl between the 3-iodo-Tyr and MCH(6 - 17) (compound S36057), led to an agonist more potent than MCH itself in stimulating [35S]-GTPgammaS binding at membranes from HEK293 cells stably expressing the human MCH receptor. Specific binding of [125I]-S36057 was found in HEK293 and CHO cell lines stably expressing the human MCH receptor. This radioligand recognized a similar number of binding sites (ca. 800 fmol mg(-1)) than [125I]-[3-iodo Tyr(13)]-MCH. However, the K(D) for [125I]-S36057 obtained from saturation studies (0.037 nM) or from binding kinetics (0.046 nM) was at least 10 fold higher to that of [125I]-[3-iodo Tyr(13)]-MCH (0.46 nM). Affinities determined for a series of MCH analogues were similar with both radioligands, S36057 being the most potent compound tested (K(i)=0.053 nM). Finally, [125I]-S36057 also potently labelled the MCH receptor in membranes from whole rat brain (K(D) 0.044 nM, B(max)=11 fmol mg(-1)). In conclusion, [125I]-S36057 is a more potent and more stable radioligand than [125I]-[3-iodo Tyr(13)]-MCH that will represent a reliable tool for binding assays in the search of novel MCH ligands. It should also provide great help for autoradiographic studies of the MCH receptor distribution in the central nervous system.

Structure-activity relationship studies of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-related peptide ligands at SLC-1, the human MCH receptor.

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic nonadecapeptide involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, which acts through a G protein-coupled receptor (SLC-1) inhibiting adenylcyclase activity. In this study, 57 analogues of MCH were investigated on the recently cloned human MCH receptor stably expressed in HEK293 cells, on both the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production and guanosine-5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thiotriphosphate ([(35)S]- GTPgammaS) binding. The dodecapeptide MCH-(6-17) (MCH ring between Cys(7) and Cys(16), with a single extra amino acid at the N terminus (Arg(6)) and at the C terminus (Trp(17))) was found to be the minimal sequence required for a full and potent agonistic response on cAMP formation and [(35)S]- GTPgammaS binding. We Ala-scanned this dodecapeptide and found that only 3 of 8 amino acids of the ring, namely Met(8), Arg(11), and Tyr(13), were essential to elicit full and potent responses in both tests. Deletions inside the ring led either to inactivity or to poor antagonists with potencies in the micromolar range. Cys(7) and Cys(16) were substituted by Asp and Lys or one of their analogues, in an attempt to replace the disulfide bridge by an amide bond. However, those modifications were deleterious for agonistic activity. In [(35)S]- GTPgammaS binding, these compounds behaved as weak antagonists (K(B) 1-4 microm). Finally, substitution in MCH-(6-17) of 6 out of 12 amino acids by non-natural residues and concomitant replacement of the disulfide bond by an amide bond led to three compounds with potent antagonistic properties (K(B) = 0.1-0.2 microm). Exploitation of these structure-activity relationships should open the way to the design of short and stable MCH peptide antagonists.

[Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy in non-palpable breast lesions. Technic, evaluation, management--72 cases]. / La cytoponction échoguidée dans les lésions mammaires impalpables. Technique, évaluation, conduite à tenir--72 observations.

Non-palpable breast lesions set histological problems. The authors with a series of 72 ultrasound guided cytology aspirations, describe the technique, its limits, its difficulties and its advantages. A biopsy was carried out on 51 lesions. The results were evaluated as follows: sensibility 86%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, false predictive value 97.5%. The diagnostic value of the method has been compared with other diagnostic tests (mammography, ultrasound and cytological puncture in palpable lesions). The procedure to be adopted has been suggested.

[Acute idiopathic dilatation of the right colon or Ogilvie's syndrome. Apropos of a case encountered after cesarean section]. / La dilatation aiguë idiopathique du côlon droit ou syndrome d'Ogilvie. A propos d'un cas rencontré après une césarienne.

The syndrome of acute colectasia of the right colon following a caesarean section is a rare disease observed and described for the first time by Ogilvie in 1948. Many etiopathological hypotheses have been formulated but recent studies demonstrate the role of the neuro-vegetative nervous system, causing the functional obstacle responsible for the idiopathic right colon dilatation. The clinical picture of low obstruction is seldom typical, as in our case; however, the abdominal X-Ray easily confirms the diagnosis, since the caecal distention may exceed 10 cm in diameter. Most of the time, the prognosis is favorable after aspiration via colonoscopy; caecal perforation is always the spontaneous outcome, due to the "vicious cycle" perpetuating the functional obstruction.

[Diagnostic value of the determination of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin in extra-uterine pregnancy]. / Valeur diagnostique du dosage de la beta hCG plasmatique lors de la grossesse extra-utérine.

The methods of immunological diagnosis of pregnancy are described, and their reliability is evaluated according to the results of 35 case files of extrauterine pregnancy clinics. In all these case the beta-hCG results were negative, and there was no extrauterine pregnancy. The analysis of positive cases allows it to be stated that on each occasion in which the reaction is positive there is a pregnancy, but the location of this pregnancy is uncertain, and recourse to a complementary technique is justified.

Optimal laser parameters for port wine stain therapy: a theoretical approach.

The optimal parameters for laser therapy of port wine stains (PWS) have been deduced from temperature calculations on two models: (i) the four-layer model; and (ii) the tube model in which two plane parallel layers, representing the epidermis and dermis, and a dermal rectangular blood vessel are considered. The calculations were performed with a vessel of average cross section 0.06 mm X 0.08 mm located in the centre of the laser beam. The numerical calculations were performed by an alternate direction-implicit finite difference method. The optimal parameters were: wavelengths lambda = 415, 577 and 540 nm; pulse time, 1 ms less than t1 less than or equal to 10 ms; and beam radius W1 greater than 0.1 mm. The energy densities E1 (for t1 = 1 ms) required to coagulate blood vessels down to a depth of 0.65 mm in order to establish bleaching of the PWS were 0.5, 1.6 and 2 J cm-2 for the different lambda respectively. The value for the argon laser (lambda = 488 and 514.5 nm) was E1 = 6.5 J cm-2 (t1 = 1 ms). Because, for this pulse time, heat summation effects at the boundary of the laser beam cause no drastic increase in local temperature at optimal wavelengths, the stripe technique was again considered and compared with the separated spot technique. The Nd-YAG and CO2 lasers prove even less selective than the argon laser. The influence of cooling the skin with water shows that only for lambda = 577 nm and t1 = 0.1 s is there an increase in E1 from 2.5 to 6 J cm-2 for which dermal damage occurs.

The effect of phenylbutazone on acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in the rat.

The effect of phenylbutazone on acute experimental pancreatitis was investigated in the rat. Severe necrotico-hemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced by intraductal injection of trypsin. Pretreatment by phenylbutazone did not alter the mortality rate but reduced the severity of pancreatitis as was demonstrated by histological quantification (total score 13.35 +/- 0.80 in treated rats versus 17.67 +/- 0.69 in the control group; P less than 0.01). The protective effect of phenylbutazone seems to be related to the specific anti-inflammatory properties of the drug and not to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

Clinical and histological evaluation of portwine stain treatment with a microsecond-pulsed dye-laser at 577 NM.

Test treatment of portwine stains (PWS) was performed with a microsecond-pulsed dye laser at 577 nm using a 2-mm spot diameter. Although selective coagulation of the erythrocytes occurred, this did not result in bleaching of the treated area. Massive destruction of the dilated capillaries is suggested to be a prerequisite for PWS-bleaching, very probably requiring msec (instead of microseconds) laser pulses.