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1.
Foods ; 13(14)2024 Jul 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39063256

RESUMO

This study investigated the effects of certain roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus) extraction methods on various functional properties, including the antioxidant and antiglycation capacities and bacterial growth inhibition. Roselle anthocyanins were extracted using water and ethanol solvents at different temperatures and concentrations. The results revealed that the extraction rate increased with higher temperatures and ethanol concentrations (p < 0.05). Ethanol extracts exhibited higher total organic acid and total anthocyanin contents compared to water extracts, while water extracts showed higher total saccharide, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid contents (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the water extracts demonstrated superior Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values, while the ethanol extracts exhibited better 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, antiglycation capacity, and bacterial growth inhibition. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed strong associations between specific components and functional properties, such as a positive correlation between the total anthocyanin content and antiglycation capacity (R2 = 0.9862). A principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering highlighted distinct clusters of water and ethanol extracts, indicating solvent-dependent variations in functional properties. This study assessed roselle extraction models for antioxidant, antiglycation, and antibacterial activities, which could be used for the development of functional alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages.

2.
Polymers (Basel) ; 15(23)2023 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38232031

RESUMO

Hydrogen sulfide, a colorless, flammable gas with a distinct rotten egg odor, poses severe health risks in industrial settings. Sensing hydrogen sulfide is crucial for safeguarding worker safety and preventing potential accidents. This study investigated the gas-sensing performance of an electroactive polymer (i.e., polyaniline, PANI) and its composites with active carbon (AC) (i.e., PANI-AC1 and PANI-AC3) toward H2S at room temperature. PANI-AC composites-coated IDE gas sensors were fabricated and their capability of detecting H2S at concentrations ranging from 1 ppm to 30 ppm was tested. The superior gas-sensing performance of the PANI-AC composites can be attributed to the increased surface area of the materials, which provided increased active sites for doping processes and enhanced the sensing capability of the composites. Specifically, the incorporation of AC in the PANI matrix resulted in a substantial improvement in the doping process, which led to stronger gas-sensing responses with higher repeatability and higher stability toward H2S compared to the neat PANI-coated IDE sensor. Furthermore, the as-prepared IDE gas sensor exhibited the best sensing response toward H2S at 60% RH. The use of agricultural-waste coconut husk for the synthesis of these high-performance gas-sensing materials promotes sustainable and eco-friendly practices while improving the detection and monitoring of H2S gas in industrial settings.

3.
Mol Nutr Food Res ; 66(16): e2101141, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35753083

RESUMO

SCOPE: This study aims to investigate whether S-allylcysteine (SAC) exerts chemoprophylactic effects on foodborne carcinogenicity caused by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in normal human colonic mucosal epithelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cellular thermal shift assays show that SAC has an affinity for the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) protein. Moreover, SAC may also dampen the binding of Keap1 and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by inhibiting p-p38 and increasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (AKT), thereby inducing Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling and upregulating the ratio of glutathione (GSH) to GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione), which inhibits PhIP-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. In addition, SAC significantly downregulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, suggesting that SAC may potentially impede the metabolic transformation of carcinogens. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these findings suggest that SAC protects against PhIP-induced reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage by modulating the Nrf2/AhR signaling pathway, which may have significant potential as a novel chemopreventive agent.


Assuntos
Heme Oxigenase-1 , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Dano ao DNA , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Heme Oxigenase-1/genética , Humanos , Imidazóis , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Transdução de Sinais
4.
J Cosmet Dermatol ; 20(7): 2341-2349, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33200469

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Ganoderma has been known as a cure for diseases since ancient times, and been used as a medicinal mushroom for more than 2000 years. By many accounts, Ganoderma lucidum extracts from fruit bodies exhibited the comparable tyrosinase inhibition activity. AIMS: To validate A. cinnamomea mycelia anti-melanogenesis activity. Ethanolic extracts of A. cinnamomea mycelia were evaluated using in vitro cell-free tyrosinase assay, cell-based and zebrafish phenotype-based method. Meanwhile, safety assessment was also conducted to ensure the feasibility as the novel ingredients in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. METHODS: The major regulatory enzymes being in charge of cutaneous pigmentation, was investigated in both cell-free and cellular enzyme systems, and in phenotype-based zebrafish model. A high-throughput TLC in vitro screening system was introduced to perform the initial evaluation of those with anti-melanin formation activity. RESULTS: Among the fractions, 50% ethanol extracted fraction (AC_Et50_Hex) exhibited highest anti-melanin formation activity. AC_Et50_Hex (at 100 ppm) reduced 30% intracellular melanin of B16-F10 cells through suppression of tyrosinase activity and its protein expression. For animal study, not only does AC_Et50_Hex exhibited similar depigmenting efficacy to kojic acid (56.1% vs 52.3%) with lower dosage (50 ppm vs 1400 ppm), but showed less toxicity to zebrafish. CONCLUSION: A. cinnamomea mycelium extracts can be an ideal candidate/substitute for skin-whitening since kojic acid has been reported with carcinogenic effect. AC_Et50_Hex was recognized as a potential tyrosinase inhibitor throughout in vitro and in vivo analysis studies. The mass production of A. cinnamomea mycelium from agitated fermentation realizes the natural mushroom extracts for commercial application.


Assuntos
Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase , Peixe-Zebra , Animais , Melaninas , Micélio , Polyporales
5.
Mycobiology ; 47(1): 112-119, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30988994

RESUMO

Compounds from Lingzhi has been demonstrated the ability for inhibiting tyrosinase (a key enzyme in melanogenesis) activity. In this study, we investigated the anti-melanogenic activity from the submerged mycelial culture of Ganoderma weberianum and elucidated the skin lightening mechanism by B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. From the cellular context, several fractionated mycelium samples exhibited anti-melanogenic activity by reducing more than 40% extracellular melanin content of B16-F10 melanoma cells. In particular, the fractionated chloroform extract (CF-F3) inhibited both secreted and intracellular melanin with the lowest dosage (25 ppm). Further analysis demonstrated that CF-F3 inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity without altering its protein expression. Taken together, our study has demonstrated that the chemical extracts from submerged mycelial culture of G. weberianum have the potential to serve as an alternative anti-melanogenic agent.

6.
J Food Drug Anal ; 26(1): 135-144, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29389548

RESUMO

Cordycepin is one of the most crucial bioactive compounds produced by Cordyceps militaris and has exhibited antitumor activity in various cancers. However, industrial production of large amounts of cordycepin is difficult. The porcine liver is abundant in proteins, vitamins, and adenosine, and these ingredients may increase cordycepin production and bioconversion during C. militaris fermentation. We observed that porcine liver extracts increased cordycepin production. In addition, air supply (2 h/d) significantly increased the cordycepin level in surface liquid-cultured C. militaris after 14 days. Moreover, blue light light-emitting diode irradiation (16 h/d) increased cordycepin production. These findings indicated that these conditions are suitable for increasing cordycepin production. We used these conditions to obtain water extract from the mycelia of surface liquid-cultured C. militaris (WECM) and evaluated the anti-oral cancer activity of this extract in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that WECM inhibited the cell viability of SCC-4 oral cancer cells and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (mitochondrial fission) were observed in SCC-4 cells treated with WECM for 12 hours. Furthermore, WECM reduced tumor formation in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis through the downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and c-fos expression. The results indicated that porcine liver extracts irradiated with blue light light-emitting diode and supplied with air can be used as a suitable medium for the growth of mycelia and production of cordycepin, which can be used in the treatment of oral cancer.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Cordyceps/efeitos dos fármacos , Cordyceps/metabolismo , Desoxiadenosinas/biossíntese , Desoxiadenosinas/farmacologia , Extratos Hepáticos/farmacologia , Animais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Bucais , Suínos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
7.
Molecules ; 21(5)2016 Apr 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27136519

RESUMO

Chemotherapy is the main approach for treating advanced and recurrent carcinoma, but the clinical performance of chemotherapy is limited by relatively low response rates, drug resistance, and adverse effects that severely affect the quality of life of patients. An association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemotherapy resistance has been investigated in recent studies. Our recent studies have found that the aqueous extract of Solanum nigrum (AESN) is a crucial ingredient in some traditional Chinese medicine formulas for treating various types of cancer patients and exhibits antitumor effects. We evaluated the suppression of EMT in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with AESN. The mitochondrial morphology was investigated using Mitotracker Deep-Red FM stain. Our results indicated that AESN markedly inhibited cell viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest mediated by activation of caspase-3 and production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, mitochondrial fission was observed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with AESN. In addition to elevation of E-cadherin, downregulations of ZEB1, N-cadherin, and vimentin were found in AESN-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results suggested that AESN could inhibit EMT of MCF-7 breast cancer cells mediated by attenuation of mitochondrial function. AESN could be potentially beneficial in treating breast cancer cells, and may be of interest for future studies in developing integrative cancer therapy against proliferation, metastasis, and migration of breast cancer cells.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanum nigrum/química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Caderinas/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células MCF-7
8.
Anim Sci J ; 87(8): 989-96, 2016 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26608104

RESUMO

For this study, we aimed to assess the dose-response antiosteoporotic effects of the middle section of velvet antlers (VAs) from sika deers (Cervus nippon) fed with different types of fodders. VAs prepared from farmed sika deers fed with feed mixtures containing sorghum distillery residue (VA-SDR) or without SDR (SDR replaced with hay, VA-Hay) were divided into upper (VAU), middle (VAM) and basal (VAB) sections. The chemical constituents of the middle sections obtained from each VA type were compared, and their antiosteoporotic activities were evaluated using rats with ovaries removed surgically (ovariectomy, OVX). The VA-Hay exhibited markedly increased iron and cysteine levels, whereas the VA-SDR exhibited markedly increased level of alcoholic extract and testosterone. Both VA-Hay- and VA-SDR-treated rats exhibited increased femur strength compared with the control group. However, VA-SDR exhibited greater bone-strengthening effects than did VA-Hay. The serum osteocalcin and estradiol levels were significantly moderated in the VA-Hay group alone. These results suggest that VA-SDR and VA-Hay prevent the loss of bone strength, and preserve trabecular architecture connectivity in an estrogen-deficient state. However, differences in the chemical compositions of different forages may be responsible for the varying antiosteoporotic mechanisms observed. Thus, the addition of SDR in deer forage may enhance antiosteoporosis activity in VAs, and confer considerable economic and ecological benefits.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/classificação , Chifres de Veado/anatomia & histologia , Chifres de Veado/química , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea , Cervos , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos de Tecidos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologia , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Força Compressiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisteína/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Fêmur/fisiologia , Humanos , Ferro/metabolismo , Osteocalcina/sangue , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Testosterona/metabolismo
9.
PLoS One ; 9(1): e85779, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24465701

RESUMO

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large enveloped virus. The WSSV viral particle consists of three structural layers that surround its core DNA: an outer envelope, a tegument and a nucleocapsid. Here we characterize the WSSV structural protein VP11 (WSSV394, GenBank accession number AF440570), and use an interactome approach to analyze the possible associations between this protein and an array of other WSSV and host proteins. Temporal transcription analysis showed that vp11 is an early gene. Western blot hybridization of the intact viral particles and fractionation of the viral components, and immunoelectron microscopy showed that VP11 is an envelope protein. Membrane topology software predicted VP11 to be a type of transmembrane protein with a highly hydrophobic transmembrane domain at its N-terminal. Based on an immunofluorescence assay performed on VP11-transfected Sf9 cells and a trypsin digestion analysis of the virion, we conclude that, contrary to topology software prediction, the C-terminal of this protein is in fact inside the virion. Yeast two-hybrid screening combined with co-immunoprecipitation assays found that VP11 directly interacted with at least 12 other WSSV structural proteins as well as itself. An oligomerization assay further showed that VP11 could form dimers. VP11 is also the first reported WSSV structural protein to interact with the major nucleocapsid protein VP664.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Envelope Viral/metabolismo , Vírus da Síndrome da Mancha Branca 1/metabolismo , Regulação Viral da Expressão Gênica , Imunoprecipitação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Ligação Proteica , Multimerização Proteica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Transcrição Gênica , Técnicas do Sistema de Duplo-Híbrido , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/química , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/ultraestrutura , Vírion/metabolismo , Vírus da Síndrome da Mancha Branca 1/genética , Vírus da Síndrome da Mancha Branca 1/ultraestrutura
10.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 151(1): 352-60, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24212078

RESUMO

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Velvet antlers (VA) have been claimed for centuries to have numerous medical benefits including strengthen bones. To investigate and compare the anti-osteoporotic activities from different sections of VA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh VA prepared from farmed sika deers (Cervus nippon) was divided into upper (VAU), middle (VAM), and basal (VAB) sections. The chemical constituents and anti-osteoporotic effect of different sections from VA were evaluated using ovariectomized rats. RESULTS: Levels of water-soluble extracts, diluted alcoholic extract, amino acids, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and testosterone plus estradiol significantly differed among the different sections. Levels of these constituents were significantly higher in the upper section than in the basal section. Moreover, levels of testosterone and IGF-1 of the VAM were also significantly higher than those of the VAB. Calcium level increased downward from the tip with statistical significance. The strength of vertebrae increased in all VA-treated groups compared to the control, but only treatment with VAU and VAM increased the strength of the femur and the microarchitecure of the trabecular bone. Alkaline phosphatase levels of VAU- and VAM-treated groups significantly decreased, but osteocalcin did not significantly change. Moreover, VAU and VAM dose-dependently increased proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSION: Our study provides strong evidence for the regional differences in the effectiveness of velvet antler in treating osteoporosis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the bioactive chemical constituents associated with the anti-osteoporotic effects of velvet antler.


Assuntos
Chifres de Veado , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Células 3T3 , Animais , Chifres de Veado/química , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Osso e Ossos/ultraestrutura , Cálcio/metabolismo , Cervos , Esquema de Medicação , Estradiol/química , Feminino , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/química , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Camundongos , Ovariectomia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Testosterona/química
11.
J Biosci Bioeng ; 112(1): 49-53, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21497549

RESUMO

In this study, sufu, a Chinese traditional fermented product of soybean, was prepared by ripening salted tofu cubes in the mash of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented rice-soybean koji possessing various hydrolytic enzymes at 25°C, 37°C and 45°C. Antioxidant activity including 2,2-diphenyl-2-picylhydoxyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, Fe(2+)-chelating ability and reducing power exerted by the methanol extract of sufu was determined and compared with that of the non-fermented tofu extract. It was found that antioxidant activity of the sufu extracts was, generally, higher than the non-fermented tofu extract. Ripening temperature and the duration of ripening period affected the antioxidant activity of the sufu extracts. Taking into account of extraction yields, the sufu product ripened at 45°C for 16 days showed the most profound enhancement in the DPPH radical-scavenging effect and Fe(2+)-iron-chelating ability, which is 3.4 and 11.5 folds, respectively, that noted with the non-fermented tofu.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Aspergillus oryzae/metabolismo , Fermentação , Glycine max , Alimentos de Soja/microbiologia , Aspergillus oryzae/enzimologia , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Fracionamento Químico , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Metanol/química , Picratos/metabolismo , Temperatura
12.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 74(6): 1256-60, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20530901

RESUMO

Hydroxyurea (HU, NH(2)CONHOH), or hydroxycarbamide, is a hydroxamic acid derivative used as a drug for anti-neoplasm and sickle-cell disease. In this study, HU was found to have antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals and dose-dependent inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A, MAO-B, and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) as compared to controls of clorgyline, deprenyl, and semicarbazide respectively. HU showed mixed-type, competitive-type, and competitive-type inhibition, respectively, with respect to substrates of MAO-A, MAO-B, and SSAO with apparent inhibition constants (Ki) of 19.46, 5.38, and 1.84 microM.


Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Hidroxiureia/farmacologia , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH2/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Bovinos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Radical Hidroxila/química , Hidroxiureia/química , Cinética , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-NH2/metabolismo , Picratos/química
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